ISO 29282:2011
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Satellite networks
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Satellite networks
ISO 29282:2011 provides definitions and procedures for the establishment, maintenance and termination of an ITS (intelligent transport systems) communications session within a CALM (communication access for land mobiles) system environment using bi-directional satellite communications. It defines the operation of the medium management adaptation entity (MMAE), which provides the management interface between a proprietary satellite communications medium and the "ITS station management". This enables the "ITS station management" to know the status of the communications medium and control the interface without the need for applications at the ITS station to have any knowledge of the satellite communications interface. The procedures that the "ITS station management" expects to use are also explained. ISO 29282:2011 defines how to connect and disconnect a communication session using satellite communication systems in the context of an application operated within the environment defined in ISO 21217. It supports peer-to-peer modes of communication. Support for broadcast satellite systems is defined in ISO 13183, which provides a common approach for all broadcast media. It supports satellite communications networks that are interconnected with the public network, as well as those which connect via the internet and those which provide a stand-alone capability.
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — Réseaux satellitaires
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 29282
First edition
2011-07-15
Intelligent transport systems —
Communications access for land mobiles
(CALM) — Satellite networks
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des
services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — Applications utilisant les réseaux
satellitaires
Reference number
ISO 29282:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
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ISO 29282:2011(E)
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© ISO 2011
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ISO 29282:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms and definitions . 2
5 Abbreviated terms . 2
6 Background . 3
6.1 Proprietary connectivity protocols . 3
6.2 Internet connectivity . 5
7 Requirements . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Adoption of satellite standards and internationally adopted practices . 6
7.3 CALM architecture and application grouping. 6
7.4 CALM networking protocols . 6
7.5 CALM medium service access points . 6
7.6 CALM “ITS station management” . 6
7.7 CALM using public wireless networks . 7
7.8 Establishment and termination of medium specific sessions . 7
7.9 Interface medium management . 7
8 Medium access control (MAC) . 7
8.1 Conformance . 7
8.2 CALM satellite communications MMAE service primitives . 7
8.3 Satellite communication MMAE . 8
8.4 CALM session connection .10
8.5 CALM session disconnection .10
8.6 Change of satellite communications connection state .10
8.7 Retrieval of medium status . 11
8.8 Satellite communications specific connection aspects . 11
8.9 Satellite communications session disconnection .12
9 Test and conformance requirements .12
10 Declaration of patents and intellectual property .12
Bibliography .13
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ISO 29282:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 29282 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO 29282:2011(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is part of a family of International Standards based on the communications
access for land mobiles (CALM) concept. These International Standards specify a common architecture,
network protocols and communication interface definitions for wireless communications using various access
technologies including cellular 2nd generation, cellular 3rd generation, satellite, infra-red, 5 GHz microwave,
60 GHz millimetre-wave and mobile wireless broadband. These and other access technologies that can be
incorporated are designed to provide broadcast, unicast and multicast communications between mobile stations,
between mobile and fixed stations and between fixed stations in the intelligent transport systems (ITS) sector.
CALM standards are explicitly designed to enable quasi-continuous communications as well as communications
of protracted duration between vehicles and service providers, and between vehicles.
The fundamental advantage of the CALM concept over traditional systems is the ability to support media
independent handover (MIH), also referred to as heterogeneous or vertical handover, between the various
media supported by CALM (e.g. cellular, microwave, mobile wireless broadband, infra-red, DSRC, and satellite).
The CALM concept supports selection policies that include user preferences and media capabilities in making
decisions as to which medium to use for a particular session, and when to hand over between media or
between service providers on the same medium. These handover mechanisms are defined within the CALM
architecture International Standard, ISO 21217, the CALM IPv6 networking protocols International Standard,
ISO 21210, the CALM medium service access points International Standard, ISO 21218, and the CALM station
management International Standard, ISO 24102. Handovers between access points using the same technology
and service provider use mechanisms that are defined within the particular medium-specific CALM standard.
Satellite communications provide very broad coverage and are particularly useful in areas where there is no
terrestrial wireless communications coverage, or when such systems are overloaded or have poor coverage.
As satellite systems evolve, these systems may provide an alternative communication route in many situations.
CALM station management will be able to ensure that the most appropriate network, of those available, will
be used to improve ITS availability and reliability at the minimum cost. Example applications include urgent
emergency messages such as eMessage or eCall, where an eCall over cellular radio may not be possible at
the site of an accident, because of lack of cellular coverage.
Satellite communications systems will also be able to provide infill coverage where the deployment of the
CALM M5 infrastructure set out in ISO 21215 is incomplete. Furthermore, satellite communications that support
IPv6 broadcast mode will also support the geo-networking protocols that are currently being developed and
standardized.
Additionally, satellite systems may be installed at ITS stations primarily because of the broadcast and paging
services that they can deliver to support applications and the management of connections. The interface for
broadcast satellite communications is defined in ISO 13183, using a protocol which is common to all of the
broadcast media.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29282:2011(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for
land mobiles (CALM) — Satellite networks
1 Scope
This International Standard provides definitions and procedures for the establishment, maintenance and
termination of an ITS (intelligent transport systems) communications session within a CALM (communication
access for land mobiles) system environment using bi-directional satellite communications.
It defines the operation of the medium management adaptation entity (MMAE), which provides the management
interface between a proprietary satellite communications medium and the “ITS station management”. This
enables the “ITS station management” to know the status of the communications medium and control the interface
without the need for applications at the ITS station to have any knowledge of the satellite communications
interface. The procedures that the “ITS station management” expects to use are also explained.
NOTE 1 CALM links are required for quasi-continuous, prolonged and short-duration communications between
vehicles and the roadside, between vehicles, and between mobile equipment and fixed infrastructure points, over medium
and long ranges.
This International Standard defines how to connect and disconnect a communication session using satellite
communication systems in the context of an application operated within the environment defined in ISO 21217.
It supports peer-to-peer modes of communication. Support for broadcast satellite systems is defined in
ISO 13183, which provides a common approach for all broadcast media. It supports satellite communications
networks that are interconnected with the public network, as well as those which connect via the internet and
those which provide a stand-alone capability.
NOTE 2 As there are multiple instantiations of satellite systems, most of which are not interoperable, there is the
possibility of several simultaneous satellite sessions, each forming a separate CALM medium (although the differences
may only be in software within the on-board equipment).
Wherever practicable, this International Standard has been developed by reference to suitable existing
standards, adopted by selection. Application-specific upper layers are not included, but will be driven by
application standards (which may not be technology-specific).
2 Conformance
In order to conform with this International Standard, communications using satellite communications protocols
shall be established in full compliance with local telecommunications procedures and protocols and shall
comply with the requirements of ISO 21210, ISO 21217, ISO 21218, ISO 24102 and ISO 25111. See Clause 3.
NOTE 1 ITU-T standards for satellites mostly relate to traditional telecommunications services such as voice, X21
and X25. In general, satellite services are delivered as closed proprietary solutions with standardized external interfaces,
including ITU-T V.24 (EIA-232/RS-232), ITU-T V.11 (EIA-422/RS-422), ITU-T V.35 (EIA-449/RS-449), EIA-530/RS-530,
ITU-T X-21 and EIA-423/RS-423. Such systems are not recommended for integration into ITS because of the need to
provide adaptation to support IP communications.
NOTE 2 IPv6 systems are now being developed but have not yet been standardized. This interface International
Standard has been developed to be consistent with these emerging new services.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 29282:2011(E)
1)
ISO 21210, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — IPv6 Networking
ISO 21217, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Architecture
ISO 21218, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Medium
service access points
ISO 24102, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — Management
ISO 25111, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) — General
requirements for using public networks
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in ISO 21217 and the following apply.
4.1
CALM application session
association of two or more parties for the provision of CALM application service, which, until its termination, can
involve more than one communication session in order to exchange information (i.e. are involved in a transaction)
NOTE 1 A CALM application session is not possible unless a communication session (4.2) is first established.
NOTE 2 An application session will normally involve multiple bidirectional transfers of data, but can be a unidirectional
transfer of data.
[ISO 25111]
4.2
communication session
association of two or more wireless communication devices between which a functional wireless communication
link is available for mutual exchange of data/information
NOTE Application sessions (see 4.1) engage in and complete transactions using communication sessions.
[ISO 25111]
5 Abbreviated terms
CALM communications access for land mobiles
CI communication interface
CMPL communication module protocol layer
DSRC dedicated short range communication
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FSS fixed satellite services
GEO geostationary earth orbit
GNSS global satellite navigation system
GSM global system for mobile communications
IN-SAP interface service access point (formerly “C-SAP”)
IPv4 internet protocol version 4
1) To be published.
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ISO 29282:2011(E)
IPv6 internet protocol version 6
ITS intelligent transport systems
LEO low (altitude) earth orbit
MAC medium access control
MEO medium (altitude) earth orbit
MI-SAP management service access point (formerly “M-SAP”)
MMAE medium management adaptation entity
MSS mobile satellite services
MSS/ATC mobile satellite services with ancillary terrestrial components
PCS personal communications service
SAP service access point
SAR search and rescue
6 Background
6.1 Proprietary connectivity protocols
Satellite communications systems are implemented in a variety of ways, delivering different characteristics. It
is useful to have an overview of these implementations and their characteristics because these will affect the
way that CALM applications will use these systems. This will therefore affect the design of CALM systems that
use satellite communications.
Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites orbit over the equator at the same rotation rate as the earth, so
appear to be stationary above the equator (35,786 km above the earth’s surface). A set of satellites at fixed
positions ensure that all longitudes can be covered; however, coverage at higher latitudes is limited, with
significant obstruction possible in urban areas and rural areas with obstructions such as trees.
Non-GEO satellites may be at low (LEO) or medium height (MEO) above the earth. Non-GEO satellites
have orbits offset to the equator, giving much better coverage at higher latitudes. Continuous coverage and
availability are possible if there are sufficient orbits and satellites. Store and forward techniques need to be
used if there are insuffici
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