ISO 21072-1:2009
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers — Part 1: Moving water conditions
Ships and marine technology — Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers — Part 1: Moving water conditions
ISO 21072-1:2009 provides a methodology for establishing quantitative performance data for oil skimmers under moving water conditions, so that the end user can objectively judge, compare and evaluate the design and performance of different skimmer units. The methodology applies to testing in a basin and requires control of oil properties and oil slick characteristics. The method is applicable to all types of skimmers, provided that the equipment dimensions are within the physical limitations of the test basin. The test procedure provides full-scale test results for the unit tested, under controlled conditions, and for one or more classes of oil.
Navires et technologie maritime — Protection de l'environnement marin: essais de performance des écumeurs du pétrole — Partie 1: Conditions en eau agitée
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21072-1
First edition
2009-02-15
Ships and marine technology — Marine
environment protection: performance
testing of oil skimmers —
Part 1:
Moving water conditions
Navires et technologie marine — Protection de l'environnement marin:
essai de performance des écumeurs de pétrole —
Partie 1: Conditions en eau agitée
Reference number
ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Test facility requirements . 2
5 Clearance requirements. 4
6 Test parameters. 4
6.1 General. 4
6.2 Test oil properties. 4
6.3 Oil slick thickness. 5
6.4 Skimmer operating parameters. 5
6.5 Debris interference. 5
7 Test procedure. 6
7.1 Preparations prior to testing . 6
7.2 Actions during test period . 6
7.3 Actions after testing . 7
8 Performance parameters. 8
9 Measurements and reporting . 9
9.1 General. 9
9.2 Oil properties. 9
9.3 Environmental parameters. 10
9.4 Skimmer operating parameters. 10
9.5 Other test parameters. 10
9.6 Recovery parameters. 10
9.7 Performance parameters (calculated parameters). 10
9.8 Equipment specification and test documentation . 11
10 Quality control. 11
10.1 Test duration and fluid volume . 11
10.2 Repetition . 11
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for controlling the thickness of a contained oil slick under the
influence of water current. 12
Bibliography . 15
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 21072-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 2, Marine environment protection.
ISO 21072 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ships and marine technology — Marine
environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers:
⎯ Part 1: Moving water conditions
⎯ Part 2: Static water conditions
⎯ Part 3: High viscosity oil
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
Introduction
ISO 21072 standardizes the performance of oil skimmers used in marine pollution control.
Some oil skimmers have previously been performance-tested under non-standard conditions and procedures,
with declared performance parameters being of limited value to the end user, especially under field conditions.
ISO 21072 provides for carrying out and recording the results of full-scale tests for a skimmer under a variety
of test conditions.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
Ships and marine technology — Marine environment
protection: performance testing of oil skimmers —
Part 1:
Moving water conditions
1 Scope
This part of ISO 21072 provides a methodology for establishing quantitative performance data for oil skimmers
under moving water conditions, so that the end user can objectively judge, compare and evaluate the design
and performance of different skimmer units. The methodology applies to testing in a basin and requires control
of oil properties and oil slick characteristics.
The method is applicable to all types of skimmers, provided that the equipment dimensions are within the
physical limitations of the test basin. The test procedure provides full-scale test results for the unit tested,
under controlled conditions, and for one or more classes of oil.
NOTE Care will need to be taken when applying the test results to the prediction of skimmer performance under field
conditions.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16165, Ships and marine technology — Marine environment protection — Terminology relating to oil spill
response
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16165 and the following apply.
3.1
data collection period
period of time within the steady-state period when recovered fluid is collected for establishing performance
data
3.2
debris
solid or semi-solid substance that could interfere with the operation of a spill control system
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
3.3
emulsification factor
EF
amount of water emulsified into the oil as a result of the skimming/pumping process, not including water
originally in the test fluid
NOTE It is expressed as a decimal fraction between 0 and 1.
3.4
fluid recovery rate
FRR
total volume of fluid recovered per unit time
3
NOTE It is expressed in cubic metres per hour (m /h).
3.5
recovery efficiency
RE
ratio of test fluid (oil or emulsion) recovered to the total volume of fluid recovered
NOTE It is expressed as a percentage.
3.6
oil recovery rate
ORR
volume of test fluid (oil or emulsion) recovered per unit time
3
NOTE It is expressed in cubic metres per hour (m /h).
3.7
oily phase
oil that is water-free or incorporates emulsified or encapsulated water that does not readily separate out
3.8
oil skimmer
skimmer
mechanical device used to remove oil from the water surface
3.9
slick length
average distance from the boom apex to the leading edge of the slick
3.10
slick leading edge
upstream end of the slick; location where inflowing oil encounters the accumulated slick
3.11
steady-state period
period of time during which the test conditions and operating parameters are constant or within acceptable
variability ranges
4 Test facility requirements
This part of ISO 21072 is applicable to any test arrangement that allows for the control and monitoring of the
test conditions.
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
Possible arrangements may include, but are not limited to, one or another of the following:
⎯ a vertical flume tank;
⎯ a horizontal flume tank or tow tank;
⎯ any other such test facility that allows for the control and monitoring of the test conditions.
Examples are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Figure 1 — Vertical flume
Figure 2 — Horizontal flume
Key
1 towing bridge
Figure 3 — Tow tank
The test facility shall be designed and equipped to control the following parameters.
⎯ Oil properties. The facility shall be able to maintain the oil properties for the duration of the test. Oil
analytical equipment shall be available for measuring oil properties (see 9.2).
⎯ Air and water temperature. Testing may be carried out at any water temperature, provided that
requirements with respect to oil properties are met. The test temperature shall always be well above the
pour point of the oil, unless the purpose is to assess the collection of non-flowing/semi-solid oil. The
facility shall be able to maintain the water temperature in the test basin at a selected test temperature with
maximum variation of ± 2,0 °C.
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ISO 21072-1:2009(E)
⎯ Oil distribution. The facility shall incorporate the means of providing and maintaining an oil slick of the
thickness required for the test.
⎯ Oil slick thickness. The test facility shall incorporate means of regularly measuring oil slick thickness
throughout the test period, with a proven accuracy of at least ± 20 %.
⎯ Measuring tanks. In order to provide for sufficient replicates during the test process, the test facility shall
incorporate a sufficient number of calibrated tanks for accurately measuring fluid recovery rate, oil
recovery rate and water uptake. The tank volumes shall correspond to the expected recovery rate of the
unit to be tested so as to provide data collection periods of sufficient duration and with sufficient
measuring accuracy (see 10.1).
5 Clearance requirements
Throughout testing, there shall be sufficient clearance between the skimmer and the tank walls and any
containment device, so as not to restrict oil flow to the skimmer or otherwise impede normal operation of the
unit.
Since the necessary clearance varies with oil viscosity and unit recovery rate, adequate oil flow shall be
demonstrated in each specific case through oil flow observations or slick thickness measurements. The total
width of the skimmer (including floats) shall not exceed 50 % of the tank width if oil flow is required to the
downstream side of the skimmer.
Clearance between the unit and the tank floor shall be sufficient to not interfere with normal operations of the
skimmer.
6 Test parameters
6.1 General
Testing shall establish quantitative performance data for the unit as a function of the following parameters:
⎯ the test oil properties;
⎯ the oil slick thickness;
⎯ debris interference;
⎯ the skimmer operating parameters.
6.2 Test oil properties
Testing shall be carried out with oils meeting the specifications given in Table 1.
To minimize problems associated with flow characteristics of waxy oils, testing shall be carried out at water
temperatures at least 3 °C above the pour point of the test oil.
−1 −1 −1
Oil and emulsion viscosity shall be reported at shear rates of 1 s , 10 s and 100 s . At least two of these
shall be based on measurements, while the third may be determined by extrapolation.
In this part of ISO 21072, oil is categorized as non-emulsified (fresh) even if it contains up to 20 % water. Such
oil may be used for testing as “water-free” oil, provided that the viscosity is within the ranges specified in
Table 1.
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