ISO 16311-3:2014
(Main)Maintenance and repair of concrete structures — Part 3: Design of repairs and prevention
Maintenance and repair of concrete structures — Part 3: Design of repairs and prevention
16311-3:2014 defines basic considerations and decision-making for the specification of repair and prevention remedies, and management strategies for reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures using products and systems specified in other International Standards or Technical Specifications. 16311-3:2014 covers only atmospherically exposed structures, and buried or submerged structures, if they can be accessed. 16311-3:2014 specifies repair and prevention design principles, and strategies for defects and on-going deterioration including, but not limited to: a) mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration, and seismic actions; b) chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulfate attack, alkali-aggregate reaction; c) physical actions, e.g. freeze?thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallization, fire, and erosion; d) reinforcement corrosion; e) original construction defects that remained unaddressed from the time of construction. The execution of maintenance and repairs is covered in ISO 16311‑4.
Entretien et réparation des structures en béton — Partie 3: Conception des réparations et prévention
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16311-3
First edition
2014-04-15
Maintenance and repair of concrete
structures —
Part 3:
Design of repairs and prevention
Entretien et réparation des structures en béton —
Partie 3: Conception des réparations et prévention
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Minimum considerations before repair and prevention design. 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Initial risk assessment . 2
4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes . 3
5 Strategies for maintenance, repair, and prevention . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Options . 4
5.3 Factors . 4
5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy . 5
6 Basis for the choice of specific repair and prevention design principles, strategies,
remedies, and methods . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Repair remedies and methods of maintenance, repair, and prevention . 6
7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with repair and
prevention remedies . 8
8 Design documentation requirements . 9
9 Compliance with health, safety, and environmental requirements .9
10 Competence of personnel . 9
Annex A (informative) Design of repairs and prevention .10
Bibliography .22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
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assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed
concrete, Subcommittee SC 7, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures.
ISO 16311 consists of the following parts, under the general title Maintenance and repair of concrete
structures:
— Part 1: General principles
— Part 2: Assessment of existing concrete structures
— Part 3: Design of repairs and prevention
— Part 4: Execution of repairs and prevention
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The repair and prevention of defects and deterioration in concrete structures requires complex design
work. This part of ISO 16311 defines the design principles, strategies, remedies, and methods for
preventing accelerated deterioration and the repair of concrete structures that have suffered or may
suffer damage or deterioration. It gives guidance on the choice of repair design principles, strategies,
remedies, methods, and selection of products and systems which are appropriate for the intended use.
This part of ISO 16311 identifies key stages in the repair process:
— the need for assessment of the condition of the structure;
— the need for identification of the causes of deterioration;
— evaluating the options for repair and prevention, and decision-making;
— the selection of the appropriate remedies for repair and prevention;
— the selection of methods;
— the definition of properties of products and systems;
— the specification of maintenance requirements following repair and prevention.
This part of ISO 16311 does not deal with matters related to structural design and the verification of
structural performance in both deteriorated and repaired condition. The information related to the
deteriorated condition is presented in ISO 16311-2.
This part of ISO 16311 contains an Annex A which provides guidance and background information on
the normative text.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16311-3:2014(E)
Maintenance and repair of concrete structures —
Part 3:
Design of repairs and prevention
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16311 defines basic considerations and decision-making for the specification of repair and
prevention remedies, and management strategies for reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures
using products and systems specified in other International Standards or Technical Specifications. This
part of ISO 16311 covers only atmospherically exposed structures, and buried or submerged structures,
if they can be accessed.
This part of ISO 16311 specifies repair and prevention design principles, and strategies for defects and
on-going deterioration including, but not limited to:
a) mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration, and
seismic actions;
b) chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulfate attack, alkali-aggregate reaction;
c) physical actions, e.g. freeze–thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallization, fire,
and erosion;
d) reinforcement corrosion;
e) original construction defects that remained unaddressed from the time of construction.
The execution of maintenance and repairs is covered in ISO 16311-4.
Further background information on the scope of this part of ISO 16311 is given in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
ISO 14044, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines
ISO 16311-1, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures — Part 1: General principles
ISO 16311-2, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures — Part 2: Assessment of existing concrete
structures
ISO 16311-4, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures — Part 4: Execution of repairs and prevention
ISO 22965-1, Concrete — Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16311-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
defect
fault, or deviation from the intended level of performance of a structure or its parts
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-1:2000]
3.2
design service life
specified period of time for which a structure or its members is to be used for its intended purpose
without major repair being necessary
[SOURCE: ISO 16311-1]
3.3
maintenance
set of activities undertaken to check, evaluate the performance of a structure and preserve/restore it so
as to satisfy its performance requirements in service
[SOURCE: ISO 13823:2008]
3.4
passivity
state in which steel in concrete is protected by a thin film and the corrosion rate is minimized
Note 1 to entry: This film is destabilized or lost when concrete carbonates to the level of the reinforcing steel,
when aggressive salts concentrate and attack the steel, or atypically, when all oxygen is depleted at the surface of
the steel (i.e. submerged concrete members after many years).
3.5
prevention
remedial action to prevent or slow down further deterioration of a structure or structural member and
reduce the possibility of damage to the user or any third party, inhibiting the progress of deterioration,
and proactively preventing deterioration
3.6
protection
measure that is intended to prevent or reduce the development of defects in the structure
3.7
repair
restoration of a structure or its components to an acceptable condition by the renewal or replacement of
worn, damaged, or deteriorated components
[SOURCE: ISO 13823:2008]
4 Minimum considerations before repair and prevention design
4.1 General
This clause outlines procedures that shall be undertaken to assess the current condition of a concrete
structure prior to designing repair and prevention programs.
General guidance is given in Annex A.
4.2 Initial risk assessment
The risks to health and safety from falling debris or localized structural failure due to removing
deteriorated materials, and the effect of deterioration upon the mechanical stability of the concrete
structure shall be assessed pre-repair work, as well as the anticipated loads and forces during repair
work.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Where the concrete structure or a portion thereof is considered to be unsafe, appropriate actions and
sequences shall be specified to make it safe before other prevention or repair work is undertaken and
while underway, taking into account any additional risks that can arise from the repair work itself.
Such action can include local prevention or repairs, the installation of support or other temporary
stabilization measures, or partial or even complete dem
...
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