ISO/IEC 16449:1999

Information technology - 80 mm DVD - Read-only disk

Technologies de l'information — Disque DVD de diamètre 80 mm — Disque DVD à lecture seule

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 19-May-1999
• Withdrawal Date: 19-May-1999
• ICS: 35.220.30 - Optical storage devices
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 - Digitally recorded media for information interchange and storage
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 18-Apr-2002
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 16449:2002 - Information technology - 80 mm DVD - Read-only disk
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 16449
First edition
1999-05-15
Information technology — 80 mm DVD —
Read-only disk
Technologies de l'information — Disque DVD de diamètre 80 mm — Disque
DVD à lecture seule
Reference number
B C
Contents
Section 1 - General 1
1 Scope 1
2 Conformance 1
2.1 Optical Disk 1
2.2 Generating system 1
2.3 Receiving system 1
3 Normative reference 1
4 Definitions 1
4.1 adhesive layer 1
4.2 Channel bit 1
Clamping Zone
4.3 2
Digital Sum Value (DSV)
4.4 2
4.5 Disk Reference Plane 2
4.6 Dual Layer disk 2
4.7 dummy substrate 2
4.8 entrance surface 2
4.9 optical disk 2
4.10 physical sector number 2
4.11 read-only disk 2
4.12 recorded layer 2
4.13 Reed-Solomon code 2
4.14 Reserved field 2
4.15 sector 2
Single Layer disk
4.16 2
4.17 spacer 2
4.18 substrate 2
4.19 track 2
4.20 track pitch 2
4.21 Zone 2
© ISO/IEC 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISO/IEC Copyright Office · Case postale 56 · CH-1211 Genève 20 · Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
5 Conventions and notations 2
5.1 Representation of numbers 2
5.2 Names 3
6 List of acronyms 3
7 General description of the disk 3
8 General requirements 5
8.1 Environments 5
8.1.1 Test environment 5
8.1.2 Operating environment 5
8.1.3 Storage environment 5
8.1.4 Transportation 5
8.2 Safety requirements 5
8.3 Flammability 5
9 Reference measurement devices 5
9.1 Pick Up Head (PUH) 6
9.2 Measurement conditions 7
9.3 Normalized servo transfer function 7
9.4 Reference Servo for axial tracking 7
9.5 Reference Servo for radial tracking 8
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 9
10 Dimensional characteristics 9
10.1 Overall dimensions 10
10.2 First transition area 10
10.3 Second transition area 10
Clamping Zone
10.4 10
10.5 Third transition area 10
10.6 Information Zone 11
10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the Information Zone 11
10.6.2 Track geometry 11
10.6.3 Track modes 12
10.6.4 Channel bit length 12
10.7 Rim area 12
10.8 Remark on tolerances 12
10.9 Runout 12
10.9.1 Axial runout 12
10.9.2 Radial runout 13
10.10 Label 13
11 Mechanical parameters 13
11.1 Mass 13
11.2 Moment of inertia 13
Dynamic imbalance
11.3 13
11.4 Sense of rotation 13
iii
12 Optical parameters 13
12.1 Index of refraction 13
12.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate 13
12.3 Thickness of the spacer of Types C and D 13
12.4 Angular deviation 13
12.5 Birefringence of the transparent substrate 13
12.6 Reflectivity 14
Section 3 - Operational Signals 17
13 High frequency signals (HF) 17
13.1 Modulated amplitude 17
13.2 Signal asymmetry 18
13.3 Cross-track signal 18
13.4 Quality of signals 18
13.4.1 Jitter 18
13.4.2 Random errors 18
13.4.3 Defects 18
14 Servo signals 18
14.1 Differential phase tracking error signal 19
14.2 Tangential push-pull signal 19
Section 4 - Data Format 21
15 General 21
16 Data Frames 21
16.1 Identification Data (ID) 22
16.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED) 23
16.3 Copyright Management Information (CPR_MAI) 23
16.4 Error Detection Code (EDC) 23
17 Scrambled Frames 24
18 ECC Blocks 24
19 Recording Frames 26
20 Modulation 27
21 Physical Sectors 28
22 Suppress control of the d.c. component 29
Section 5 - Format of the Information Zone(s) 30
23 General description of an Information Zone 30
24 Layout of the Information Zone 30
25 Physical Sector numbering 31
iv
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
26 Lead-in Zone 32
26.1 Initial Zone 33
26.2 Reference Code Zone 33
26.3 Buffer Zone 1 33
26.4 Buffer Zone 2 33
26.5 Control Data Zone 33
26.5.1 Physical format information 34
26.5.2 Disk manufacturing information 36
26.5.3 Content provider information 36
27 Middle Zone 36
28 Lead-out Zone 36
Annexes
A - Measurement of the angular deviation a37
B - Measurement of birefringence 39
C - Measurement of the differential phase tracking error 42
D - Measurement of light reflectance 46
E - Tapered cone for disk clamping 48
F - Measurement of jitter 49
G - 8-to-16 Modulation with RLL (2,10) requirements 52
H - Burst Cutting Area (BCA) 62
J - Transportation 67
K - Measurement of the thickness of the spacer of Dual Layer disks 68
L - Note on the Reference Code 70
v
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the
specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the
development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with
particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft
International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
This International Standard was prepared by JISC (as Standard JIS X 6242-1998) with document support and contribution
from ECMA and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,
Information technology, in parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
Annexes A to H form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes J to L are for information only.
vi
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
Information technology — 80 mm DVD — Read-only disk
Section 1 - General
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of a 80 mm, read-only optical disk to
enable the interchange of such disks. It specifies the quality of the recorded signals, the format of the data and the recording
method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. This disk is identified as DVD - Read-Only
Disk.
This International Standard specifies
- four related but different Types of this disk (see clause 7),
- the conditions for conformance,
- the environments in which the disk is to be operated and stored,
- the mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing
systems,
- the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting
codes and the coding method used,
- the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk.
This International Standard provides for interchange of disks between disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and
file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.
2 Conformance
2.1 Optical Disk
A claim of conformance shall specify the Type of the disk. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this International
Standard if it meets the mandatory requirements specified for its Type.
2.2 Generating system
A generating system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if the optical disk it generates is in accordance
with 2.1.
2.3 Receiving system
A receiving system shall be in conformance with this International Standard if it is able to handle all four Types of optical disk
according to 2.1.
3 Normative reference
The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 950 (1991) Safety of information technology equipment.
4 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
4.1 adhesive layer: A layer of adhesive material bonding together the two parts of the disk.
4.2 Channel bit: The elements by which, after modulation, the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented on the
disk by pits.
4.3 Clamping Zone: The annular part of the disk within which a clamping force is applied by a clamping device.
4.4 Digital Sum Value (DSV): The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to
bits set to ONE and the decimal value -1 to bits set to ZERO.
4.5 Disk Reference Plane: A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the
Clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.
4.6 Dual Layer disk: A optical disk with one or two entrance surface(s), in which each entrance surface gives access
to a different pair of recorded layers.
4.7 dummy substrate: A layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk
and/or of a recorded layer.
4.8 entrance surface: The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.
4.9 optical disk: A disk that accepts and retains information in the form of pits in a recorded layer that can be read by
an optical beam.
4.10 physical sector number: A serial number allocated to physical sectors on the disk.
4.11 read-only disk: An optical disk in which the information has been recorded when manufacturing the disk. The
information cannot be modified and can only be read from the disk.
4.12 recorded layer: A layer of the disk on, or in, which data is recorded.
4.13 Reed-Solomon code: An error detection and/or correction code for the correction of errors.
4.14 Reserved field: A field set to all ZEROs unless otherwise stated, and reserved for future standardization.
4.15 sector: The smallest part of a track in the Information Zone that can be accessed independently of other
addressable parts.
4.16 Single Layer disk: An optical disk with one or two entrance surface(s), in which each entrance surface gives
access to a different recorded layer.
4.17 spacer: In the case of Dual Layer disks, the transparent layer placed between the two recorded layers accessible
through the same entrance surface.
4.18 substrate: A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recorded layer(s), through
which the optical beam can access the recorded layer(s).
4.19 track: A 360° turn of a continuous spiral.
4.20 track pitch: The distance between the centrelines of a pair of adjacent physical tracks, measured in radial
direction.
4.21 Zone: An annular area of the disk.
5 Conventions and notations
5.1 Representation of numbers
A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that
a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured
values from 1,235 to 1,275.
Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9.
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.
The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.
Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to
the left.
Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement.
In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first and the least
significant byte (LSB) last.
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
In a field of 8n bits, bit b shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b the least significant bit (lsb).
(8n-1) 0
Bit b is recorded first.
(8n-1)
5.2 Names
The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, zones, etc. are given a capital initial.
6 List of acronyms
BCA Burst-Cutting Area
BP Byte Position
BPF Band Pass Filter
CLV Constant Linear Velocity
CPR_MAI Copyright Management Information
DCC DC Component (suppress control)
DL Dual Layer
DPD Differential Phase Detection
DSV Digital Sum Value
ECC Error Correction Code
EDC Error Detection Code
EQ Equalizer
FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum
HF High Frequency
ID Identification Data
IED ID Error Detection (code)
IR Index of Refraction
LPF Low-Pass Filter
LSB Least Significant Byte
MSB Most Significant Byte
NRZ Non Return to Zero
NRZI Non Return to Zero Inverted
OTP Opposite Track Path
PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
PE Phase Encoding
PI Parity (of the) Inner (code)
PLL Phase-Locked Loop
PO Parity (of the) Outer (code)
PTP Parallel Track Path
PUH Pick-Up Head
RIN Relative Intensity Noise
RS Reed-Solomon (code)
RZ Return to Zero
SL Single Layer
SYNC Code Synchronisation Code
lsb least significant bit
msb most significant bit
7 General description of the disk
The optical disk that is the subject of this International Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive
layer, so that the recorded layers are on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the centre hole of the
assembled disk on the side currently read. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. This International Standard specifies
the following Types.
Type A consists of a substrate, a single recorded layer and a dummy substrate. The recorded layer can be accessed
from one side only. The nominal capacity is 1,46 Gbytes.

Type B consist of two substrates, and two recorded layers. From one side of the disk, only one of these recorded
layers can be accessed. The nominal capacity is 2,92 Gbytes.
Type C consists of a substrate, a dummy substrate and two recorded layers with a spacer between them. Both
recorded layers can be accessed from one side only. The nominal capacity is 2,66 Gbytes.
Type D consists of two substrates, each having two recorded layers with a spacer between these two recorded layers.
From one side of the disk, only one pair of recorded layers can be accessed. The nominal capacity is 5,32 Gbytes.
Figure 1 shows schematically these four Types. Types A and B are Single Layer (SL) disks and Types C and D are Dual Layer
(DL) disks. The two layers of DL disks are identified as Layer 0 and Layer 1. Layer 0 is the layer nearer to the entrance
surface. Types A and C are 1-sided disks, Types B and D are 2-sided disks.
In Type C the function of the adhesive layer can be provided by the spacer between the two recorded layers where Layer 1 is
placed, for instance embossed, on the dummy substrate.

Figure 1 - Types of 80 mm DVD - Read-Only disks
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
8 General requirements
8.1 Environments
8.1.1 Test environment
The test environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk has the following properties.
a) For dimensional measurements b) For other measurements
temperature : 23 °C – 2 °C 15 °C to 35 °C
relative humidity : 45 % to 55 % 45 % to 75 %
atmospheric pressure : 86 kPa to 106 kPa 86 kPa to 106 kPa
Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment.
8.1.2 Operating environment
This International Standard requires that an optical disk which meets all mandatory requirements of this International Standard
in the specified test environment provides data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the
operating environment.
Disks used for data interchange shall be operated under the following conditions, when mounted in the drive supplied with
voltage and measured on the outside surface of the disk.
The disk exposed to storage conditions shall be conditioned in the operating environment for at least two hours before
operating.
temperature : -25 °C to 70 °C
relative humidity : 3 % to 95 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 0,5 g/m to 60 g/m
sudden change of temperature : 50 °C max.
sudden change of relative humidity : 30 % max.
There shall be no condensation of moisture on the disk.
8.1.3 Storage environment
The storage environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the optical disk shall have the following
properties.
temperature : -20 °C to 50 °C
relative humidity : 5 % to 90 %
3 3
absolute humidity : 1 g/m to 30 g/m
atmospheric pressure : 75 kPa to 106 kPa
temperature variation : 15 °C /h max.
relative humidity variation : 10 %/h max.
8.1.4 Transportation
This International Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in annex J.
8.2 Safety requirements
The disk shall satisfy the requirements of IEC 950, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an
information system.
8.3 Flammability
The disk shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in
IEC 950.
9 Reference measurement devices
The reference measurement devices shall be used for the measurements of optical parameters for conformance with this
International Standard. The critical components of these devices have specific properties defined in this clause.
9.1 Pick Up Head (PUH)
The optical system for measuring the optical parameters is shown in figure 2. It shall be such that the detected light reflected
from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not influencing the accuracy of measurement. The combination of the
polarizing beam splitter C with the quarter-wave plate D separates the incident optical beam and the beam reflected by the
optical disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity/reflectance ratio of at least 100. Optics G generates an astigmatic
difference and collimates the light reflected by the recorded layer of the optical disk F for astigmatic focusing and read-out.
The position of the quadrant photo detector H shall be adjusted so that the light spot becomes a circle the centre of which
coincides with the centre of the quadrant photo detector H when the objective lens is focused on the recorded layer. An
example of such a photo detector H is shown in figure 2. The dimensions a and b equal M times 10 mm to 12 mm, where M is
the transversal magnification factor from the disk to its conjugate plane near the quadrant photo detector H.

A Laser diode F Optical disk
B Collimator lens G Optics for the astigmatic focusing method
C Polarizing beam splitter H Quadrant photo detector
D Quarter-wave plate I , I , I , I Output from the quadrant photo detector
a b c d
E Objective lens J d.c. coupled amplifier

Figure 2 - Optical system for PUH
The characteristics of the PUH shall be as follows.

Wavelength (l) 650 nm – 5 nm
Polarization circularly polarized light
Polarizing beam splitter shall be used unless otherwise stated
Numerical aperture 0,60 – 0,01
Light intensity at the rim of
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
the pupil of the objective lens 60 % to 70 % of the maximum intensity level in radial
direction, and over 90 % of the maximum intensity level in
tangential direction
Wave front aberration 0,033 l rms max.
2 2 2
Normalized detector size on a disk 100 mm ‹ S / M ‹ 144 mm
where S is the total surface of the photo detector of the PUH
Relative intensity noise (RIN) - 134 dB/Hz max.
10 log [(a.c. light power density /Hz) / d.c. light power ]
9.2 Measurement conditions
The measuring conditions for operational signals shall be as follows.
Scanning velocity at a Channel bit rate
of 26,15625 Mbits/s for Single Layer disks: 3,49 m/s – 0,03 m/s
for Dual Layer disks:  3,84 m/s – 0,03 m/s
Clamping force 2,0 N – 0,5 N
Taper cone angle 40,0° ± 0,5°, see annex E
CLV servo characteristic ƒ (-3 dB), closed loop bandwidth : 5 Hz
Focusing method astigmatic method
Tracking method differential phase detection
9.3 Normalized servo transfer function
In order to specify the servo system for axial and radial tracking, a function H is used (equation I). It specifies the nominal
s
values of the open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo(s) in the frequency range 23,1 Hz to 10 kHz.
3iw
1+
1ww 
oo
H()wi =··(I)
 
s
iwŁł3 iw
1+
w3
o
where
w = 2pƒ
w=2pƒ
o o
i = -1
ƒ is the 0 dB crossover frequency of the open loop transfer function. The crossover frequencies of the lead-lag network of the
o
servo are given by
lead break frequency: ƒ = ƒ · 1/3
1 o
lag break frequency ƒ = ƒ· 3
2 o
9.4 Reference Servo for axial tracking
For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for axial tracking, ‰1+H‰ is limited as schematically shown by
the shaded surface of figure 3.
Figure 3 - Reference Servo for axial tracking
Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz
‰ 1 + H ‰ shall be within 20 % of ‰1+H‰.
s
The crossover frequency ƒ = w / 2p shall be specified by equation (II), where a shall be 1,5 times larger than the
o o max
expected maximum axial acceleration of 8 m/s . The tracking error e shall not exceed 0,23 mm. Thus the crossover
max
frequency ƒ shall be
o
a1 3 1 81··,5 3
max
f = = = 2,0 kHz (II)
0-6
pep·2 2 0,23 10
max
The axial tracking error e is the peak deviation measured axially above or below the 0 level.
max
Bandwidth 23,1 Hz to 100 Hz
‰ 1 + H ‰ shall be within the limits defined by the following four points.
40,6 dB at 100 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ - 20% at 100 Hz )
66,0 dB at 23,1 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ - 20% at 23,1 Hz )
86,0 dB at 23,1 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ - 20% at 23,1 Hz add 20 dB)
44,1 dB at 100 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ + 20% at 100 Hz )
Bandwidth 9,6 Hz to 23,1 Hz
‰ 1 + H ‰ shall be between 66,0 dB and 86,0 dB.
9.5 Reference Servo for radial tracking
For an open-loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for radial tracking, ‰1+H‰ is limited as schematically shown by
the shaded surface of figure 4.
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
.
Figure 4 - Reference Servo for Radial Tracking
Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz
‰ 1 + H ‰ shall be within 20 % of‰1 + H‰.
s
The crossover frequency ƒ = w / 2p shall be specified by equation (III), where a shall be 1,5 times larger than the
o o max
expected maximum radial acceleration of 1,1 m/s . The tracking error e shall not exceed 0,022 mm. Thus the crossover
max
frequency ƒ shall be
o
1 3a1 11,,··15 3
max
f = = = 2,4 kHz (III)
0-6
2pe 2p0,022·10
max
The radial tracking error e is the peak deviation measured radially inwards or outwards the 0 level.
max
Bandwidth from 23,1 Hz to 100 Hz
‰ 1 + H ‰ shall be within the limits defined by the following four points.
43,7 dB at 100 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ - 20% at 100 Hz )
69,2 dB at 23,1 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ - 20% at 23,1 Hz )
89,2 dB at 23,1 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ - 20% at 23,1 Hz add 20 dB)
47,3 dB at 100 Hz (‰ 1 + Hs ‰ + 20% at 100 Hz )
Bandwidth from 9,6 Hz to 23,1 Hz
‰ 1 + H ‰ shall be between 69,2 dB and 89,2 dB.
Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk
10 Dimensional characteristics (figures 5 to 8)
Dimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange and compatible use of the
disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described are indicated. The
enclosed drawings show the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of the disk are described from
the centre hole to the outside rim.
The dimensions are referred to two Reference Planes P and Q.
Reference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the Clamping Zone (see 10.4)
rests.
Reference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plane P at the height of the top surface of the Clamping Zone.
10.1 Overall dimensions
The disk shall have an overall diameter
d = 80,00 mm – 0,30 mm
The centre hole of a substrate or a dummy substrate shall have a diameter
+ 0,15 mm
d = 15,00 mm
- 0,00 mm
The diameter of the hole of an assembled disk, i.e. with both parts bonded together, shall be 15,00 mm min., see figure 6.
There shall be no burr on both edges of the centre hole.
The edge of the centre hole shall be rounded off or chamfered. The rounding radius shall be 0,1 mm max. The chamfer shall
extend over a height of 0,1 mm max.
The thickness of the disk, including adhesive layer, spacer(s) and label(s), shall be
+ 0,30 mm
e = 1,20 mm
- 0,06 mm
10.2 First transition area
In the area defined by d and
d = 16,0 mm min.
the surface of the disk is permitted to be above Reference Plane P and/or below Reference Plane Q by 0,10 mm max.
10.3 Second transition area
This area shall extend between diameter d and diameter
d = 22,0 mm max.
In this area the disk may have an uneven surface or burrs up to 0,05 mm max. beyond Reference Planes P and/or Q.
10.4 Clamping Zone
This zone shall extend between diameter d and diameter
d = 33,0 mm min.
Each side of the Clamping Zone shall be flat within 0,1 mm. The top side of the Clamping Zone, i.e. that of Reference Plane Q
shall be parallel to the bottom side, i.e. that of Reference Plane P within 0,1 mm.
In the Clamping Zone the thickness e of the disk shall be
+ 0,20 mm
e = 1,20 mm
- 0,10 mm
10.5 Third transition area
This area shall extend between diameter d and diameter
d = 44,0 mm max.
In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by
h = 0,25 mm max.
or below Reference Plane Q by
h = 0,10 mm max.
The bottom surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane P by
h = 0,10 mm max
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
or below Reference Plane P by
h = 0,25 mm max.
10.6 Information Zone
The Information Zone shall extend from the beginning of the Lead-in Zone to diameter d the value of which is specified in
table 1.
In the Information Zone the thickness of the disk shall be equal to e specified in 10.1.
10.6.1 Sub-divisions of the Information Zone
The main parts of the Information Zone are
-
the Lead-in Zone
- the Data Zone
- the Lead-out Zone
The area extending from d to diameter
d = 45,2 mm max.
shall be used as follows
- it is the beginning of the Lead-in Zone for Types A and B, and each pair of layers for Type C and D in PTP mode and on
Layer 0 in OTP mode,
- it is the end of the Lead-out Zone on Layer 1 for Types C and D in OTP mode.
In the first case, the Lead-in Zone shall end at diameter

+ 0,0 mm
d = 48,0 mm
- 0,4 mm
which is the beginning of the Data Zone.
In the second case the Data Zone shall not extend toward the centre of the disk beyond d . The Lead-out Zone shall start after
the Data Zone and end between diameters d and d .
6 7
The Data Zone shall start after the Lead-in Zone at diameter d , it shall extend up to diameter
d = 76,0 mm max.
The zone between diameters d and d constitutes the Lead-out Zone in the cases Types A and B, and Types C and D in PTP
9 10
mode and the Middle Zone in the case of Types C and D in OTP mode.
The Lead-out Zone in PTP mode and the Middle Zone shall start after the Data Zone and end at diameter d the value of
which depends on the length of the Data Zone as shown in table 1.
Table 1 - End of the Information Zone
Length of the Data Zone Value of diameter d
Less than 68,0 mm 70,0 mm min.
68,0 mm to 75,0 mm Data Zone diameter + 2,0 mm min.
75,0 mm to 76,0 mm 77,0 mm min.

The zone extending from d to d shall be used for the Burst Cutting Area, if implemented (see annex H).
11 12
10.6.2 Track geometry
In the Information Zone tracks are constituted by a 360° turn of a spiral.
The track pitch shall be 0,74 mm – 0,03 mm.
The track pitch averaged over the Data Zone shall be 0,74 mm – 0,01 mm.
10.6.3 Track modes
Tracks can be recorded in two different modes called Parallel Track Path (PTP) and Opposite Track Path (OTP). Figure 5
shows examples of the PTP and OTP modes. In practice, the lengths of the Data Zones of both layers are independent from
each other.
Types A and B shall be recorded in PTP mode only.
Types C and D may be recorded in either modes.
In PTP mode, tracks are read from the inside diameter of the Information Zone to its outside diameter, this applies to both
Layer 0 and Layer 1 for Types C and D, see figure 5a. On both layers, the track spiral is turning from the inside to the outside.
In OTP mode, tracks are read starting on Layer 0 at the inner diameter of the Information Zone, continuing on Layer 1 from
the outer diameter to the inner diameter. Thus, there is a Middle Zone at the outer diameter on both layers, see figure 5b. The
track spiral is turning from the inside to the outside on Layer 0 and in the reverse direction on Layer 1.
The radial misalignment of the outer edge of the Information Zones between Layer 0 and Layer 1 shall be 0,5 mm max.
In OTP mode, the radial misalignment between the outer edge of the Data Zones of Layer 0 and Layer 1 shall be 0,5 mm max.
10.6.4 Channel bit length
The Information Zone shall be recorded in CLV mode. The Channel bit length averaged over the Data Zone shall be
- 133,3 nm ± 1,4 nm for Type A and Type B,
- 146,7 nm ± 1,5 nm for Type C and Type D
10.7 Rim area
The rim area shall be that area extending from diameter d to diameter d (see figure 8). In this area the top surface is
10 1
permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by
h = 0,1 mm max.
and the bottom surface is permitted to be below Reference Plane P by
h = 0,1 mm max.
The total thickness of this area shall not be greater than 1,50 mm, i.e. the maximum value of e . The thickness of the rim
proper shall be
e = 0,6 mm min.
The outer edges of the disk shall be either rounded off with a rounding radius of 0,2 mm max. or be chamfered over
h = 0,2 mm max.
h = 0,2 mm max.
10.8 Remark on tolerances
All heights specified in the preceding clauses and indicated by h are independent from each other. This means that, for
i
example, if the top surface of the third transition area is below Reference Plane Q by up to h , there is no implication that the
bottom surface of this area has to be above Reference Plane P by up to h . Where dimensions have the same - generally
maximum - numerical value, this does not imply that the actual values have to be identical.
10.9 Runout
10.9.1 Axial runout
When measured by the PUH with the Reference Servo for axial tracking, the disk rotating at the scanning velocity, the
deviation of the recorded layer from its nominal position in the direction normal to the Reference Planes shall not exceed 0,2
mm.
m The residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for axial tracking, shall be less than 0,23 m.
The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒ (-3dB): 10 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.
c
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
10.9.2 Radial runout
The runout of the outer edge of the disk shall be less than 0,3 mm, peak-to-peak.
The radial runout of tracks shall be less than 100 mm, peak-to-peak.
The residual tracking error below 1,1 kHz, measured using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall be less than
0,022 mm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, ƒ (-3dB) : 1,1 kHz, slope : -80 dB/decade.
c
The rms noise value of the residual error signal in the frequency band from 1,1 kHz to 10 kHz, measured with an integration
time of 20 ms, using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall be less than 0,016 mm. The measuring filter shall be a
Butterworth BPF, frequency range (-3dB) : 1,1 kHz, slope :+80 dB/decade to 10 kHz, slope : - 80 dB/decade.
10.10 Label
The label shall be placed on the side of the disk opposite the entrance surface for the information to which the label is related.
The label shall be placed either on an outer surface of the disk or inside the disk bonding plane. In the former case, the label
shall not extend over the Clamping Zone. In the latter case, the label may extend over the Clamping Zone. In both cases, the
label shall not extend over the rim of the centre hole nor over the outer edge of the disk.
11 Mechanical parameters
11.1 Mass
The mass of the disk shall be in the range 6 g to 9 g.
11.2 Moment of inertia
The moment of inertia of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g•m .
11.3 Dynamic imbalance
The dynamic imbalance of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,0045 g•m.
11.4 Sense of rotation
The sense of rotation of the disk shall be counterclockwise as seen by the optical system.
12 Optical parameters
12.1 Index of refraction
The index of refraction IR of the transparent substrate shall be 1,55 – 0,10.
The index of refraction of the spacer shall be (IR – 0,10).
12.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate
The thickness of the transparent substrate is specified as a function of its index of refraction.
Figure 9 specifies it for Types A and B and figure 10 for Types C and D.
12.3 Thickness of the spacer of Types C and D
For Types C and D, the thickness of the spacer shall be 55 mm – 15 mm. Annex K shows two ways of measuring this thickness.
On a disk, this thickness shall not vary by more than 20 mm. Within one revolution, it shall not vary by more than 8 μm.
12.4 Angular deviation
The angular deviation is the angle a between a parallel incident beam and the reflected beam. The incident beam shall have a
diameter in the range 0,3 mm to 3,0 mm. This angle includes deflection due to the entrance surface and to unparallelism of the
recorded layer, see figure A.1. It shall meet the following requirements when measured according to annex A.
In radial direction :a = 0,80° max.
In tangential direction :a = 0,30° max.
12.5 Birefringence of the transparent substrate
The birefringence of the transparent substrate shall be 100 nm max. when measured according to annex B.
12.6 Reflectivity
When measured according to annex D, the reflectivity of the recorded layer(s) shall be
Types A and B : 45 % to 85 % (PUH with PBS)
Types A and B: 60 % to 85 % (PUH without PBS)
Types C and D : 18% to 30 % (PUH with PBS)

Figure 5 - Examples of track paths for Types C and D

 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)

Figure 6 - Hole of the assembled disk

Figure 7 - Areas of the disk
Figure 8 - Rim area
Figure 9 - Thickness of the substrate for Types A and B
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)

Figure 10 - Thickness of the substrate and spacer for Types C and D
Section 3 - Operational Signals
13 High frequency signals (HF)
The HF signal is obtained by summing the currents of the four elements of the photo detector. These currents are modulated by
diffraction of the light beam at the pits representing the information on the recorded layer. Measurements, except for jitter, are
executed to HF before equalizing.
13.1 Modulated amplitude
The modulated amplitude I is the peak-to-peak value generated by the largest pit and land length (figure 11 ).
The peak value I shall be the peak value corresponding to the HF signal before high-pass filtering.
14H
The peak-to-peak value of the shortest pit and land length shall be I .
The 0 Level is the signal level obtained from the measuring device when no disk is inserted.
These parameters shall meet the following requirements.
I / I  =  0,60 min.
14 14H
I / I    =  0,15 min. for Types A and B
3 14
I / I   =  0,20 min. for Types C and D
3 14
The maximum value of (I - I ) / I shall be as specified by table 2.
14Hmax 14Hmin 14Hmax
I I I
Table 2 - Maximum value of ( - ) /
14Hmax 14Hmin 14Hmax
Within one disk Within one revolution
PUH with PBS 0,33 0,15
PUH without PBS 0,20 0,10
with circular polarization
13.2 Signal asymmetry
The signal asymmetry shall meet the following requirement, see figure 11.
- 0,05 £ [ (I + I ) / 2 - (I + I ) / 2 ] / I £ 0,15
14H 14L 3H 3L 14
where
(I + I ) / 2 is the centre level of I
- 14H 14L 14
- (I + I ) / 2 is the centre level of I .
3H 3L 3
13.3 Cross-track signal
The cross-track signal shall be derived from the HF signal when low-pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz when the
light beam crosses the tracks (see figure 12). The low-pass filter is a 1st order filter. The cross-track signal shall meet the
following requirements.
I = I - I
T H L
I / I = 0,10 min.
T H
where I is the peak value of this signal and I is the peak-to-peak value.
H T
13.4 Quality of signals
13.4.1 Jitter
Jitter is the standard deviation s of the time variation of the digitized data passed through the equalizer. The jitter of the
leading and trailing edges is measured to the PLL clock and normalized by the Channel bit clock period.
Jitter shall be less than 8,0 % of the Channel bit clock period, when measured according to annex F.
13.4.2 Random errors
A row of an ECC Block (see clause 18) that has at least 1 byte in error constitutes a PI error. In any 8 consecutive ECC Blocks
the total number of PI errors before correction shall not exceed 280.
13.4.3 Defects
Defect are air bubbles and black spots. Their diameter shall meet the following requirements
- for air bubbles it shall not exceed 100 μm,
- for black spots causing birefringence it shall not exceed 200 μm,
- for black spots not causing birefringence it shall not exceed 300 μm.
In addition, over a distance of 80 mm in scanning direction of tracks, the following requirements shall be met
- the total length of defects larger than 30 μm shall not exceed 300 μm,
- there shall be at most 6 such defects.
14 Servo signals
The output currents of the four quadrants of the split photo detector shown in figure 13 are identified by I , I , I and I .
a b c d
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
14.1 Differential phase tracking error signal
The differential phase tracking error signal shall be derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detectors
elements when the light beam crosses the tracks : Phase (I + I ) - Phase (I + I ) , see figure 13. The differential phase
a c b d
tracking error signal shall be low-pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 30 kHz, see annex C. This signal shall meet the
following requirements (see figure 14).
Amplitude
At the positive 0 crossing Dt /T shall be in the range 0,5 to 1,1 at 0,10 mm radial offset, where Dt is the average time
difference derived from the phase difference between diagonal pairs of detector elements, and T is the Channel bit clock
period .
Asymmetry (figure 14)
The asymmetry shall meet the following requirement.
TT-
£0,2
TT+
where
- T is the positive peak value of Dt / T
- T is the negative peak value of Dt / T
14.2 Tangential push-pull signal
This signal shall be derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (I + I ) - (I + I ). It shall meet the
a d b c
following requirement, see figure15.

II+-+I I
()( )
[]
ad b c
pp
££
00,9
I
III
14314H
I
3H
I
3L
I
14L
0Level
Figure 11 - Modulated amplitude
97-0002-A
Figure 12 - Cross-track signal

Figure 13 - Quadrant photo detector

Figure 14 - Differential phase tracking error signal

 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
t
(+II)(I-+I)
adbc
pp
A
Figure 15 - Tangential push-pull signal
Section 4 - Data Format
15 General
The data received from the host, called Main Data, is formatted in a number of steps before being recorded on the disk. It is
transformed successively into
- a Data Frame,
- a Scrambled Frame,
- an ECC Block,
- a Recording Frame,
- a Physical Sector
These steps are specified in the following clauses.
16 Data Frames (figure 16)
A Data Frame shall consist of 2 064 bytes arranged in an array of 12 rows each containing 172 bytes (figure 16). The first row
shall start with three fields, called Identification Data (ID), ID Error Detection Code (IED), and Copyright Management
Information (CPR_MAI), followed by 160 Main Data bytes. The next 10 rows shall each contain 172 Main Data bytes, and the
last row shall contain 168 Main Data bytes followed by four bytes for recording an Error Detection Code (EDC). The 2 048
Main Data bytes are identified as D to D .
0 2 047
97-0004-
Pi
Figure 16 - Data Frame
16.1 Identification Data (ID)
This field shall consist of four bytes the bits of which are numbered consecutively from b (lsb) to b (msb), see figure 17.
0 31
b                 b b                         b
31 24 23 0
Sector Information Sector Number
Figure 17 - Identification Data (ID)
b        b          b         b      b and b     b         b
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24
Sector Tracking Reflectivity Reserved Zone type Data type Layer
Format type method number
Figure 18 - Sector Information of the Identification Data (ID)
The least significant three bytes, bits b to b , shall specify the sector number in binary notation. The sector number of the
0 23
first sector of an ECC Block of 16 sectors shall be a multiple of 16.
The bits of the most significant byte, the Sector Information, shall be set as follows.
Bit b shall be set to
ZERO on Layer 0 of DL disks
ONE on Layer 1 of DL disks
ZERO on SL disks
Bit b shall be set to ZERO, indicating read-only data
 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 16449:1999 (E)
Bits b and b shall be set to
26 27
ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone
ZERO ONE  in the Lead-in Zone
ONE ZERO  in the Lead-out Zone
ONE ONE   in the Middle Zone
Bit b shall be set to ZERO
Bit b shall be set to
ZERO if the reflectivity is greater than 40 % with PBS PUH
ONE  if the reflectivity is 40 % max. with PBS PUH
Bit b shall be set to ZERO, indicating pit tracking
Bit b shall be set to ZERO, indicating the CLV format for read-only disks
Other setting are prohibited by this International Standard.
16.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED)
When identifying all bytes of the array shown in figure 16 as C for i = 0 to 11 and j = 0 to171, the bytes of IED are
i,j
represented by C for j = 4 to 5. Their setting is obtained as follows.
0,j
5-j 2
IED(x) = C x  =    I(x) x  mod G (x)
∑
0,j E
=
j 4
where
3-j
I(x) =∑ C x
0,j
j=0
k
G (x) = P ( x + a)
E
k=0
8 4 3 2
a is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x + x + x + x + 1
16.3 Copyright Management Information (CPR_MAI)
This field shall consist of 6 bytes. Their setting is application-dependent, for instance a video application. If this setting is not
specified by the application, the default setting shall be to set all bytes to all ZEROs.
16.4 Error Detection Code (EDC)
This 4-byte field shall contain an Error Detection Code computed over the prec
...