ISO 13118:2024
(Main)Textile — Biaxial tensile properties of woven fabric — Determination of elasticity properties using a cruciform test piece
Textile — Biaxial tensile properties of woven fabric — Determination of elasticity properties using a cruciform test piece
This document specifies a test method for determination of the elasticity and related properties of woven textile fabrics, using biaxial stress states, which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of an elastomeric fibre, mechanical, or chemical treatment. This biaxial elasticity test is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machine.
Textiles — Propriétés biaxiales des tissus — Détermination des propriétés d'élasticité au moyen d'éprouvette cruciforme
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 13118
First edition
Textile — Biaxial tensile properties
2024-09
of woven fabric — Determination
of elasticity properties using a
cruciform test piece
Textiles — Propriétés biaxiales des tissus — Détermination des
propriétés d'élasticité au moyen d'éprouvette cruciforme
Reference number
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Sampling . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 CRE biaxial tensile testing machine .3
7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing . 4
8 Preparation of test specimens . 4
8.1 General .4
8.2 Test specimen preparation .4
9 Procedure . 5
9.1 Gauge length .5
9.2 Rate of extension .5
9.3 Mounting of test specimen .5
9.4 Loading .5
9.5 Operation .5
10 Recording . 5
11 Calculation and expression of test results . 5
12 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Example of a typical cycling graph . 8
Annex B (informative) Example of a pattern for cutting test specimens from a laboratory
sample . 9
Annex C (normative) Preparation of test specimen . 10
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 24, Conditioning
atmospheres and physical tests for textile fabrics.
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International Standard ISO 13118:2024(en)
Textile — Biaxial tensile properties of woven fabric —
Determination of elasticity properties using a cruciform
test piece
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for determination of the elasticity and related properties of woven
textile fabrics, using biaxial stress states, which exhibit stretch characteristics imparted by the presence of
an elastomeric fibre, mechanical, or chemical treatment.
This biaxial elasticity test is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machine.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
biaxial elasticity test
method for measuring the stress-strain curves of test specimens subject to biaxial tension using a cruciform
test piece
3.2
CRE biaxial tensile testing machine
testing machine for applying biaxial tensile stress with a constant speed to a test specimen in the orthogonal
directions parallel to the arms of the cruciform test piece
3.3
grip separation length
distance between the two gripping points of the testing device
3.4
gauge length
distance between the two effective gauge mark points of the test specimen in each direction
3.5
gauge mark
marks on the test specimen surface for measuring the extension using optical extensometer
3.6
initial length
length of the test specimen between the two effective gauge mark point under specified pretention, at the
beginning of the test
3.7
pretension
force applied to a test specimen at the beginning of certain tests
Note 1 to entry: Pretension is used to determine the initial length of the test specimen.
[SOURCE: ISO 20932-1:2018, 3.9]
3.8
extension
increase in gauge length of a test specimen produced by a force as a result of testing
Note 1 to entry: Extension is expressed in unit of the length.
3.9
elongation
ratio of the extension of the test specimen to its initial length
Note 1 to entry: Elongation is expressed as a percentage.
[SOURCE: ISO 20932-1:2018, 3.11]
3.10
maximum force
force at the position at the maximum extension on the final cycle
Note 1 to entry: Maximum force is expressed in newtons.
3.11
maximum extension
extension recorded in millimetres at the maximum force on the final cycle
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: Maximum extension is expressed in unit of the length.
3.12
force decay due to time
loss of force measured over time when a test specimen is stretched to a specified elongation or force and
held at this position for a given time period
Note 1 to entry: The decay in force is expressed as a percentage of the original force recorded at the specified position.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A.
[SOURCE: ISO 20932-1:2018, 3.16]
3.13
force decay due to exercising
loss of force, calculated and expressed as a percentage, as measured and recorded at the same elongation
point on two different cycles when the test specimen is cycled several times between the gauge length and a
specified elongation
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A.
[SOURCE: ISO 20932-1:2018, 3.17]
3.14
permanent deformation
ratio of unrecovered extension of the test specimen after cycling (to a specified force or specified extension)
to its initial length
Note 1 to entry: Permanent deformation is expressed as a percentage.
Note 2 to entry: See Annex A.
[SOURCE: ISO 20932-1:2018, 3.18]
3.15
recovered elongation
ratio of recovered extension of the test specimen after cycling (to a specified force or specified extension) to
its initial length
Note 1 to entry: The recovered elongation is the complement of the permanent deformation (3.14) to the elongation (3.9).
Note 2 to entry: Permanent deformation is expressed as a percentage.
[SOURCE: ISO 20932-1:2018/Amd.1:2021, 3.19]
4 Principle
A fabric test specimen of cruciform shape is biaxially extended at a constant rate to a specified load for an
agreed number of cycles. The loads are applied cyclically in the orthogonal directions parallel to the arms
of the cruciform test piece simultaneously. Measurements of stress and strain are used to determine the
biaxial properties of the fabric.
5 Sampling
Select samples either in accordance with the product specification for the fabric, or as agreed between the
interested parties.
In the absence of a product specification for the fabric, the example of a suitable pattern for cutting test
specimens from the laboratory sample is given in Figure B.1, Annex B.
Avoid test speci
...
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