ISO 4990:2023
(Main)Steel castings — General technical delivery requirements
Steel castings — General technical delivery requirements
This document specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product standard applies. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 applies. This document also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which can be applied to steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.
Pièces moulées en acier — Conditions techniques générales de fourniture
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4990
Fourth edition
2023-11
Steel castings — General technical
delivery requirements
Pièces moulées en acier — Conditions techniques générales de
fourniture
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser . 2
5 Conditions of manufacture .2
5.1 Foundry practice. 2
5.2 Cleaning . 2
5.3 Production welding . 2
6 Inspection and testing .3
6.1 Non-specific inspection . 3
6.2 Specific inspection . 3
6.2.1 Documents . 3
6.2.2 Sampling, preparation of test pieces, and mechanical and chemical test
methods and requirements . 3
6.2.3 Inspection and testing of castings and requirements for surface
appearance and dimensions. 6
7 Marking (traceability).7
8 Complaints . 7
Annex A (normative) General conditions for specific inspections and tests .8
Annex B (informative) Supplementary requirements . 9
Bibliography .14
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel
castings.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4990:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Clause 2 has been updated;
— the term “examination” has been changed to “testing” throughout the document;
— the title for B.9.5 has been changed from "Visual inspection" to "Visual testing".
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4990:2023(E)
Steel castings — General technical delivery requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel, and
cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test
pieces.
When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product
standard applies. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 applies.
This document also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which can be applied to steel,
nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or
inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 404:2013, Steel and steel products — General technical delivery requirements
ISO 4948-1, Steels — Classification — Part 1: Classification of steels into unalloyed and alloy steels based
on chemical composition
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 6929, Steel products — Vocabulary
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
ISO 11970, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for production welding of steel castings
ISO 14284, Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical
composition
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 404, ISO 4948-1, ISO 6929,
ISO 11970 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cast (heat)
all the molten metal poured from a single furnace or all the molten metal from two or more furnaces
poured into a single ladle or casting
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
4.1 The enquiry and order should include the information as specified in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
4.1.1 A description of the casting(s) by pattern number and/or drawing. When a pattern is supplied, a
complete list of the pattern equipment should be included. When a drawing is not supplied, the casting
is purchased on the basis of the pattern. In that case, the foundry shall not be responsible for the
dimensions of the part.
All modifications to be made to the drawing, for the technical requirements of the manufacturer, shall
form the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
NOTE Machining allowances, dimensional tolerances, and geometrical tolerances can be selected from
ISO 8062-3 and ISO 8062-4.
4.1.2 The material standard, delivery condition, and grade of steel, nickel, or cobalt alloy.
4.2 Where appropriate, the enquiry and order should include additional information, e.g.:
a) any supplementary requirements in accordance with Annex B;
b) non-destructive testing procedures to be used, extent of the non-destructive testing, and
acceptance criteria;
c) type of inspection document to be provided at the time of supply;
d) size of a test lot, see 6.2.3.1;
e) procedures for marking (in accordance with Clause 7), machining, protection, packaging, loading,
dispatching, and the destination;
f) submission of sample castings for approval before production quantities are produced, see A.1.3;
g) methods of statistical control to be used.
Inspection and testing procedures shall conform to Annex A, including the place of inspection and
testing for the purchaser, if the inspection or testing cannot be performed at the manufacturer's works.
5 Conditions of manufacture
5.1 Foundry practice
Unless otherwise agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order or specified in the material standard,
the selection of the method of melting, moulding, heat treatment, etc., is left to the discretion of the
manufacturer.
5.2 Cleaning
All the castings shall be cleaned sufficiently to determine compliance with the requirements of 6.2.3.
Additional cleaning may be agreed to at the time of the enquiry and order.
5.3 Production welding
Unless specified at the time of the enquiry and order, the casting(s) may be subjected to production
welding without the prior approval of the purchaser. Weld procedures for production welding shall be
in accordance with ISO 11970.
For a supplement specifying major finishing welds, see B.8.1 and B.8.2.
6 Inspection and testing
6.1 Non-specific inspection
This inspection shall be arranged by the manufacturer and drawn up to ensure that the specified
requirements are complied with.
At the request of the purchaser at the time of the enquiry and ordering, the manufacturer shall supply a
statement of compliance or test report on the basis of these non-specific inspections or tests.
6.2 Specific inspection
6.2.1 Documents
Inspection documents shall be agreed upon at the time of the enquiry and order and shall be in
accordance with ISO 10474.
If one of the documents for specific inspection and testing from ISO 10474 is ordered, the inspections
and tests shall be carried out in accordance with 6.2.2, 6.2.3 and Annex A.
The inspection document shall contain the results of the chemical analysis and mechanical tests,
including the results of any other tests required by the specification and by the purchaser. It shall
include a statement that castings were manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the
specification.
The inspection document shall be signed by an authorized agent of the manufacturer.
Electronic data interchange (EDI): the manufacturer’s certification printed from or used in electronic
form shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility
provided that it conforms to any existing agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
The inspection document shall provide the required traceability to the castings.
6.2.2 Sampling, preparation of test pieces, and mechanical and chemical test methods and
requirements
6.2.2.1 Test blocks
The test blocks may be cast separately, attached to the castings or cast integrally on the castings. When
more than one ladle is used, the test block shall be cast integrally. They shall be produced from the
same cast (heat) of steel and shall be heat treated in the production furnaces to the same procedure as
the casting(s) they represent.
Unless otherwise specified, the test block shall be 28 mm minimum and the test pieces used for the
mechanical tests shall be taken from test blocks with their axes at least 7 mm from the surface. See
B.6.1.2 and B.6.1.3.
The test results represent the material from which the castings have been poured. They do not
necessarily represent the properties of the castings. These can be affected by solidification conditions
and the rate of cooling during heat treatment, which are in turn influenced by casting thickness, size
and shape.
6.2.2.2 Mechanical tests
6.2.2.2.1 Tensile tests at room temperature
One tensile test shall be carried out per test lot (see 6.2.3.1). The shape, dimensions, and method shall
be in accordance with ISO 6892-1. The test results shall be in accordance with the specification for the
grade of material ordered.
6.2.2.2.2 Impact test
When the test is specified, it shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 148-1. Three Charpy test pieces
with V-notches shall be prepared. The test temperature shall be as shown in the material specification.
The average value of absorbed energy from the three test pieces shall not be less than the value indicated
in the material specification for the grade specified. Only one of the three values may be below but not
less than 70 % of the minimum specified value.
6.2.2.3 Retests
6.2.2.3.1 Test results not in conformity with the specification are not valid when due to any one of the
following conditions:
— defective assembly of the test piece or abnormal functioning of the test machine;
— defective manufacture of the test pieces;
— break in the tensile-test piece outside the reference marks;
— anomalies shown in the test piece.
In all cases, a new test piece shall be taken from the same test block or from another test block belonging
to the same test lot and the results obtained can be substituted for those corresponding to the defective
piece.
6.2.2.3.2 Except as provided, when the results of the test do not conform with the requirements of
the material standard, the manufacturer shall, unless otherwise agreed upon at the time of enquiry and
order, adopt one of the following procedures.
a) Repeat the test which failed on two additional test pieces. If any of the two new test pieces do not
give the specification requirements, the manufacturer may follow the procedure specified in c).
b) In the case of impact tests, if the average value obtained from the three tests does not reach the
minimum specified value or if one of the individual values does not reach the specified minimum
(i.e. 70 % of the minimum specified value), the manufacturer may test three additional test pieces.
The additional test pieces shall be selected from the same test block or from another block from the
same heat and heat-treated test lot to represent the castings in question. The results from these
additional tests shall be added to the results previously obtained and the average recalculated. If
this new average satisfies the average value specified, the material represented may be considered
to satisfy the requirements of the material standard. Where the new average value does not satisfy
the specified requirements, or any one of the new values is less than 70 % of the minimum specified
value, the manufacturer may then follow the procedure specified in c).
c) Submit the castings and test blocks to a new heat treatment within the limits of the material
standard and then carry out all the tests required in the material standard on the test blocks. In any
case, the castings and test bars shall not be submitted to more than two additional heat treatments
(excluding tempering) without the approval of the purchaser.
6.2.2.4 Chemical composition
The chemical composition determined from the cast (heat) sample shall meet the requirements of
the specification of the grade selected. When more than one ladle is used to pour a single casting, an
analysis of each ladle is required and the analysis of each ladle shall meet the requirements of the
speci
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