IEC/PAS 63086-3-1:2023
(Main)Household and similar electrical air cleaning appliances — Methods for measuring the performance — Part 3-1: Method for assessing the reduction rate of key bioaerosols by portable air cleaners using an aerobiology test chamber
Household and similar electrical air cleaning appliances — Methods for measuring the performance — Part 3-1: Method for assessing the reduction rate of key bioaerosols by portable air cleaners using an aerobiology test chamber
This document specifies a method to evaluate the capability of portable household air cleaners to reduce the concentration and viability of key experimentally generated bioaerosols in a specified chamber. Indoor air free of harmful microbes is important to the health of occupants. This is particularly relevant with regard to increased time spent indoors. Air cleaners are used to reduce the concentrations of microorganisms in indoor air. The efficiency of such air cleaners to reduce airborne microorganisms can be assessed in test chambers at controlled air temperature and relative air humidity. The test is applicable to portable air cleaners commonly used in single room spaces such as those based on mechanical filtration, ultraviolet (UV), ionizers, photocatalytic oxidation, and ozone generators in-unit technology. If the air cleaner does not claim to have the function of reducing microorganisms, this document may not be applicable unless it is being used to simply evaluate the performance. This document deals with measurement procedures regarding the reduction of the microbial contamination related to electrical air cleaner appliances for household and similar use. This document does not apply to appliances intended to be used in medical, veterinary, or pharmaceutical applications. This document does not address sanitization, disinfection, or sterilization measures. This document does not support, by itself any health-related claims or conclusions about prevention or treatment of a disease or health improvement. NOTE 1 IEC 63086-3-1 is created for household and similar electrical air cleaners and is not intended to conflict with or replace standards for commercial or industrial consumers. NOTE 2 In this document, we do not suggest performance test methods that measure the by-products of either the interaction between microbes or between the air cleaner and the microbes tested in this document. The formation of by-products is an important subject. The subject of measuring by-products is under study, and AHAM will address this in future documents. NOTE 3 This document does not apply to appliances intended for use in medical treatment locations, such as surgical suites, laboratories, medical treatment rooms, etc.
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues de purification de l'air — Méthodes de mesure de la performance — Partie 3-1: Titre manque
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL
PUBLICLY IEC/DPAS
DRAFT
AVAILABLE 63086-3-1
SPECIFICATION
ISO/TC 142
Household and similar electrical air
Secretariat: UNI
cleaning appliances — Methods for
Voting begins on:
2022-12-21 measuring the performance —
Voting terminates on:
Part 3-1:
2023-02-15
Particular requirements for reduction
of microorganisms
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues de purification de l'air —
Méthodes de mesure de la performance —
Partie 3-1: Exigences particulières pour la réduction des
microorganismes
This draft is submitted to a parallel vote in ISO and in IEC.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
IEC/DPAS 63086-3-1:2022(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
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IEC/DPAS 63086-3-1:2022(E)
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IEC/DPAS 63086-3-1:2022(E)
IEC PAS DPAS 63086-3-1 © IEC 2022 3 59N/28/DPAS
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE .1
2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES .2
3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .2
3.1 Air Cleaner .2
3.2 Background Concentratoion .3
3.3 Bacteria………………………… .3
3.4 Bacteriophage or Phage……………… .3
3.5 Bioaerosol .3
3.6 BSL .3
3.7 CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) .3
3.8 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) for bacteria and fungi .4
3.9 Device Under Test (DUT) .4
3.10 Fungi .4
3.11 Impaction .4
3.12 Impinger Method .4
3.13 Initial Concentration .4
3.14 Maximum Performance Mode .4
3.15 Microbes .4
3.16 Microbial Reduction .4
3.17 Natural Decay .5
3.18 Plaque Forming Units (PFU) .5
3.19 Virus .5
4. PRINCIPLE .5
5. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS. .5
5.1 Apparatus .5
5.1.1. Test Chamber .6
5.1.2. Nebulizer……………………………………………………………………….7
5.1.3. SKC Bio sampler for sampling of microbes .7
5.1.4. Flow Calibration……………… .8
5.1.5. Stand. .8
5.1.6. Autoclave .8
5.1.7. Incubator .8
5.1.8. Deep freezer .8
5.1.9. Microbiological safety cabinet class II. .8
5.1.10. Balance. .8
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5.1.11. Inoculating loop .8
5.1.12. Petri dishes. .8
5.1.13. Disinfectant .8
5.1.14. UV-C Lamp……………… .8
5.1.15. pH-meter .8
5.1.16. Timer. .8
5.1.17. Stirrer .8
5.1.18. Recirculation fan .9
5.1.19. Refrigerator .9
5.2. Key Bioaerosols .9
5.2.1. Test Bacteria (Gram Positive) .9
5.2.2. Test Bacteria (Gram Negative) .9
5.2.3. Test Bacteria (Spore Forming).9
5.2.4. Test Bacteriophages (Non-enveloped) .10
5.2.5. Test Mold Spores .10
6. PREPARATION OF THE STOCK CULTURES AND WORKING CULTURES OF THE TEST
MICROBES .11
7. PROCEDURES.11
7.1. General .11
7.1.1 Electrical Supply .11
7.2. Step 1--Measurement of the concentration of airborne microbes, ci, without operating the air
cleaner .12
7.2.1. General .12
7.2.2. Preparation of the air cleaner and the test chamber .12
7.2.3. Measurement of microbial background concentration in the test chamber .13
7.2.4. Nebulizing test microbial suspension .13
7.2.5. Measurement of the initial concentration of airborne microbe inside the test chamber after
nebulizing .13
7.2.6. Measurement of the concentration of airborne microbe inside the test chamber after a
defined time .14
7.2.7. Post-test Actions .14
7.3. Step 2--Measurement of the concentration of airborne test microbe, ct, after operating the air
cleaner .15
8. CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS .17
8.1. Conditions for a valid test .17
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8.1.1 Criteria for Elimination of Data Points from an AC-5 Run
8.2. Calculation of the concentration of airborne microbes .17
8.3. Reduction of Microbes .18
8.4. Calculating the Decay Constant .18
8.4.1. The Formula for Decay (Equation) .18
8.4.2. The Decay Constant using linear regression (Equation).19
8.5. Computation of the Standard Deviation Estimate for the Slope of One Regression Line
......................................................................................................................................19
8.6. Performance Calculation…………… .20
8.7 Calculation of the Standard Deviation Estimate of the CADR for a Single Test .20
9. TEST REPORT .21
10. QUALITY ASSURANCE .22
ANNEX A--TEST CHAMBER .23
ANNEX B--CALCULATION FOR TOTAL DECAY .25
ANNEX C--ADDITIONAL MICROBES .26
ANNEX D--Slit Sampler Questions .27
ANNEX E - CHAMBER SIZE EVALUATION ….28
ANNEX F - SUGGESTED TEST REPORT USING THIS METHOD.29
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IEC/DPAS 63086-3-1:2022(E)
59N/28/DPAS 6 IEC PAS DPAS 63086-3-1 © IEC 2022
International Electrotechnical Commission
Method for Assessing the Reduction Rate of Key Bioaerosols
by Portable Air Cleaners Using an Aerobiology Test Chamber
Aerobiology Test Chamber
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization
comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to
promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and
electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards,
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides
(hereafter referred to as ‘IEC Publication(s)’. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any
IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work.
International governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in
this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in
accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has
representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and area accepted by IEC
National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical
content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are
used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants, or agents including individual experts
and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property
damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal
fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any
other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications
is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements in this IEC Publication may be the subject
of patent rights, IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
A PAS is a technical specification not fulfilling the requirements for a standard but made available to the
public.
IEC PAS 63086-3-1 has been prepared by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) and
processed by IEC technical committee 59, Subcommittee 59N: Performance of household and similar
electrical appliances. It is based on ANSI/AHAM AC-5-2022.
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IEC PAS DPAS 63086-3-1 © IEC 2022 7 59N/28/DPAS
The text of this PAS is based on the following document
59N/XXX/DPAS
This PAS was approved for publication by the P-members of the committee concerned as indicated in the
following document
Report on voting
59N/XXX/RVDPAS
Following publication of this PAS, which is a pre-standard publication, the technical committee or
subcommittee concerned will transform it into an International Standard.
This PAS shall remain valid for an initial maximum period of 3 years starting from the publication date. The
validity may be extended for a single 3-year period, following which it shall be revised to become another type
of normative document, or shall be withdrawn.
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1
2 INTRODUCTION
3
4 This Publicly Available Specification (PAS) contains test procedures for measuring the reduction by
5 the air cleaner of micro-organisms suspended in the air in the specified test chamber. It also
6 prescribes a method for measuring the operating power and stand-by power of the air cleaner. The
7 test procedures may be applied to any brand or model of household and similar electrical air cleaners
8 within the stated confines of the standard’s limits of measurability for measuring performance.
9
10 The annexes to this PAS are included for informative purposes only unless the annexes are noted as
11 normative.
12
13 Warning—The tests given in this document shall be performed by expert staff trained to handle
14 microorganism-related techniques and in properly equipped laboratories under the supervision of a
15 skilled microbiologist. Some of the test micro-organisms might be facultative pathogens for humans,
16 animals and plants and requires a laboratory of an appropriate bio-safety level. National and
17 international safety procedures for working with infectious biomaterials shall be followed to prevent
18 any contamination of laboratory staff, apparatus, working place or environment in compliance with
19 national standards or regulations. This document does not purport to address all of the safety
20 aspects, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate
21 safety and health practices and ensure compliance with any national, regional or international
22 regulatory conditions.
23
24 This PAS may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This PAS does not purport to
25 address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this
26 PAS to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
27 of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
28
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29 International Electrotechnical Commission
30
31 Method for Assessing the Reduction Rate of Key Bioaerosols by
32 Portable Air Cleaners Using an Aerobiology Test Chamber Air
33 Cleaners Using an Aerobiology Test Chamber
34
35 INTRODUCTION
36 Indoor air free of harmful microbes is important to the health of occupants. This is
37 particularly relevant with regard to increased time spent indoors.
38 Air cleaners are used to reduce the concentrations of microorganisms in indoor air.
39 The efficiency of such air cleaners to reduce airborne microorganisms can be assessed in test
40 chambers at controlled air temperature and relative air humidity.
41 1. SCOPE
42 This document specifies a method to evaluate the capability of portable household air
43 cleaners to reduce the concentration and viability of key experimentally generated
44 bioaerosols in a specified chamber.
45 The test is applicable to portable air cleaners commonly used in single room spaces such
46 as those based on mechanical filtration, ultraviolet (UV), ionizers, photocatalytic
47 oxidation, and ozone generators in-unit technology.
48
49 If the air cleaner does not claim to have the function of reducing microorganisms, this
50 standard may not be applicable unless it is being used to simply evaluate the
51 performance.
52
53 This document deals with measurement procedures regarding the reduction of the
54 microbial contamination related to electrical air cleaner appliances for household and
55 similar use.
56
57 This document does not apply to appliances intended to be used in medical, veterinary, or
58 pharmaceutical applications.
59
60 This document does not address sanitization, disinfection, or sterilization measures.
61
62 This document does not support, by itself any health-related claims or conclusions about
63 prevention or treatment of a disease or health improvement.
64
65 Note: IEC 63086-3-1 is created for Household and Similar Electrical Air Cleaners and is
66 not intended to conflict with or replace standards for commercial or industrial consumers.
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67
68
69 Note: In this standard, we do not suggest performance test methods that measure the by-
70 products of either the interaction between microbes or between the air cleaner and the
71 microbes tested in this standard. The formation of by-products is an important subject.
72 The subject of measuring by-products is under study, and AHAM will address this in
73 future documents.
74
75 Note: This standard does not apply to appliances intended for use in medical treatment
76 locations, such as surgical suites, laboratories, medical treatment rooms, etc.
77 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
78 The following documents are referred to in the text so that some or all of their content
79 constitutes the requirements of this document. Only the edition cited applies for dated
80 references, and the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
81 applies for undated references.
82 ASTM E741-11(2017): Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by
83 Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
84 ASTM E3273-21: Standard Practice to Assess Microbial Decontamination of Indoor Air using
85 an Aerobiology Chamber
86 GB21551.3-2010: Antibacterial and cleaning function for household and similar electrical
87 appliances – Particular requirements for air cleaner
88 ISO 3696: Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
89 ISO 16000-9: Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds
90 from building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
91 ISO 16000-36: Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of culturable airborne bacteria
92 by air cleaners using a test chamber
93 JEMA 1467-2015: Appendix D - Evaluation test for removing performance of floating virus
94 JEMA 1467-2015: Appendix E - Evaluation test for restraining performance of indoor adhered
95 virus
96 JEMA 1467-2015: Appendix F - Evaluation test for restraining performance of virus caught by
97 the filter
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98 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
99 3.1 Air Cleaner
100 electrically powered household or similar, appliance that employs one or multiple
101 technologies to reduce, destroy, and/or inactivate one or more types of indoor air
102 pollutants [Source: IEC 63086-1 modified]
103 Note to entry: the term Air Purifier is defined as an Electrically powered
104 device that is basically built of a fan and a set of components possessing
105 the ability to capture and/or (partially or totally) destroy air pollutants
106 [Source: ISO 16000-36] but PAS 63086-3-1 has chosen to not use this
107 term in this document as it may not be possible to totally destroy an air
108 pollutant.]
109 3.2 Background Concentration
110 quantity of microbes in the chamber after the chamber has undergone cleaning
111 and prior to any testing or addition of microbes via nebulization
112 3.3 Bacteria
113 prokaryotic, single-celled, microscopic organism with peptidoglycan cell wall
114 3.4 Bacteriophage or phage
115 group of viruses that infect bacteria or fungi
116 3.5 Bioaerosol
117 airborne particle that is composed of or derived from biological matter (such as a
118 bacterial cell, fungal or bacteria spore, virus, or endotoxin)
119 3.6 Biological Safety Levels (BSL)
120 series of protections relegated to autoclave-related activities that take place in
121 particular biological labs
122 Note to entry: This includes individual safeguards designed to protect laboratory
123 personnel, as well as the surrounding environment and community. For BSL
124 level expectations, a lab should follow the most recent version of the WHO
125 Laboratory Biosafety Manual, the CDC Biosafety in Microbiological and
126 Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) or the Canadian Biosafety Standards and
127 Guidelines.
128 3.7 CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate)
129 measure of air cleaner performance by this test procedure
130
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131 Note to entry: Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) is defined as the measure of the
132 delivery of contaminant-free air, within the defined particle size range, by an air
133 cleaner, expressed in cubic feet per minute (cfm) or cubic meters per hour. Clean
134 Air Delivery Rates are the rates of contaminant reduction in the test chamber
135 when the air cleaner is turned on, minus the rate of natural decay when the air
136 cleaner is not running, multiplied by the volume of the test chamber as measured
137 in cubic feet or cubic meters (see Section 8.5). CADRs values are always the
138 measurement of an air cleaner performance as a complete system, and they have
139 no linear relationship to air movement per se or to the characteristics of any
140 particular particle removal methodology.
141
142 Note to entry: For this standard we use the designation of m-CADR which is the
143 clean air delivery rate for microbes.
144 3.8 Colony Forming Units (CFU) for bacteria and fungi
145 unit of measurement by which the number of culturable microbes (Bacteria and
146 fungi) is expressed
147 3.9 Device Under Test (DUT)
148 test sample of the air cleaner undergoing examination
149 3.10 Fungi
150 multicellular eukaryotic organisms without chlorophyll and with cell walls
151 3.11 Impaction
152 sampling of the airborne microbe by inertial separation on a semisolid agar surface
153 3.12 Impinger method
154 glass or plastic device for the collection of air samples into a liquid medium
155 through a scrubbing action.
156
157 Note to entry: The liquid volume is subsequently utilized for dilution and
158 inoculation of counting plates.
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159 3.13 Initial Concentration
160 concentration of microbes inside the chamber immediately at the start time of
161 sampling of either the natural decay or the total decay
162 3.14 Maximum Performance Mode
163 through manual operation the DUT is set to the highest flow rate with all air
164 cleaning functions switched on, set to maximum, where applicable, and with all
165 filters in place
166 Note to entry: If the DUT has zero flow rate, the m-CADR is measured with all
167 air cleaning functions switched on.
168 3.15 Microbes (also known as Microorganisms)
169 microscopic living beings that cannot be seen with the naked eye, including
170 bacteria, protozoa, viruses and some fungi/fungal components
171
172 Note to entry: They are common in the environment as well as in/on our own
173 bodies.
174 3.16 Microbial Reduction
175 reduction rate of viable microbe is measured by comparing the concentration of
176 the microbe after nebulizing a microbial suspension inside the chamber with the
177 concentration determined after a defined running time (testing time) of the air
...
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