ISO 20290-1:2021
(Main)Aggregates for concrete — Test methods for mechanical and physical properties — Part 1: Determination of bulk density, particle density, particle mass-per-volume and water absorption
Aggregates for concrete — Test methods for mechanical and physical properties — Part 1: Determination of bulk density, particle density, particle mass-per-volume and water absorption
This document describes procedures for determining certain properties of aggregates for use in concrete for the determination of the loose or compacted bulk density, the determination of particle density and water absorption using the hydrostatic balance method and the determination of the particle mass-per-volume and water absorption using the Pycnometer method.
Granulats pour béton — Méthodes d'essai relatives aux propriétés mécaniques et physiques — Partie 1: Détermination de la masse volumique apparente, de la masse volumique des particules, de la masse volumique réelle et de l'absorption d'eau
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20290-1
First edition
2021-11
Aggregates for concrete — Test
methods for mechanical and physical
properties —
Part 1:
Determination of bulk density,
particle density, particle mass-per-
volume and water absorption
Granulats pour béton — Méthodes d'essai relatives aux propriétés
mécaniques et physiques —
Partie 1: Détermination de la masse volumique apparente, de la
masse volumique des particules, de la masse volumique réelle et de
l'absorption d'eau
Reference number
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Determination of bulk density .2
4.1 Principle . 2
4.2 Apparatus and materials . 2
4.3 Sampling . 3
4.4 Procedure . 3
4.4.1 Calibration of container . 3
4.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density . 3
4.4.3 Compacted bulk density . 3
4.4.4 Compaction by other methods . 4
4.5 Expression of test results. 4
4.6 Test report . 4
5 Determination of particle density and water absorption – Hydrostatic balance
method . 5
5.1 Principle . 5
5.2 Apparatus and materials . 5
5.3 Sampling . 5
5.4 Procedure . 6
5.5 Expression of test results. 7
5.6 Test report . 8
6 Determination of the particle density and water absorption - Pycnometer method .8
6.1 Principle . 8
6.2 Apparatus and materials . 8
6.3 Sampling . 10
6.4 Procedure . 10
6.5 Expression of test results. 11
6.6 Test report .12
iii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods for concrete.
This edition of ISO 20290-1, together with ISO 20290-2 and ISO 20290-3, cancels and replaces
ISO 6274:1982, ISO 6782:1982, ISO 6783:1982 and ISO 7033:1987, which have been technically revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20290 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
Aggregates for concrete — Test methods for mechanical
and physical properties —
Part 1:
Determination of bulk density, particle density, particle
mass-per-volume and water absorption
1 Scope
This document describes procedures for determining certain properties of aggregates for use in
concrete for the determination of the loose or compacted bulk density, the determination of particle
density and water absorption using the hydrostatic balance method and the determination of the
particle mass-per-volume and water absorption using the Pycnometer method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes
of openings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bulk density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate filling a specified container by the known
volume of the container, expressed in units of mass per unit volume, i.e. kilograms per cubic (1) meter
3
(kg/m )
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, the phrases "unit mass", "unit weight" and "density" are used instead.
3.2
particle density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate particles by the volume, including both
permeable and impermeable pores within the particles (but not including the voids between the
particles)
3
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a mass per unit volume, i.e. kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m ).
1
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
3.3
oven dry density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate particles heated in an oven until reaching
a constant mass by the volume including both permeable and impermeable pores within the particles
(but not including the voids between the particles)
3.4
saturated surface dry density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate particles and water contained in its
permeable voids by the volume including both permeable and impermeable pores within the particles
(but not including the voids between the particles)
3.5
water absorption
increase in mass of an aggregate sample due to water penetration into the pores of the dry aggregate
particles (to exclude water adhering to the outside surface of the particles) during a prescribed period
of time
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass.
3.6
constant mass
mass determined after successive weighings at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 %
4 Determination of bulk density
4.1 Principle
The determination of the loose or compacted bulk density of dry or moist aggregates (normal or
lightweight) for concrete is defined by weighing of the aggregate sample using a constant volume
container.
4.2 Apparatus and materials
4.2.1 Cylindrical container, with a smooth inside, fitted with handles and with dimensions
approximately like those given in Table 1.
The container shall be watertight, corrosion resistant, and sufficiently rigid to retain its dimensions
despite rough usage. The top rim shall be smooth, planar to within 0,25 mm and parallel to the base to
within 0,5°. The ratio of the height of the container to its diameter shall be within the range 0,5 to 1,5.
Table 1 — Minimum capacity of container depending on aggregate size
Maximum size of aggregate Capacity
mm l
4 1
8 2,5
16 5
31,5 15
63 30
Note Other sizes of aggregates maybe different as valid in the place of use.
4.2.2 Balance, accurate to 0,2 % of the mass of the material to be weighed.
2
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
4.2.3 Tamping rod, made of straight metal with a diameter of 16mm, a length of approximately
600 mm and rounded ends.
4.2.4 Shovel or scoop.
4.2.5 Calibration equipment.
4.2.6 Clear plate, a piece of flat, transparent material larger on all sides than the diameter of the
calibrated cylindrical container (4.2.1). It shall be sufficiently rigid to remain planar when placed on
the container.
4.2.7 Thermometer, with a range of at least 10 °C to 32 °C and an accuracy of at least 0,5 °C.
4.3 Sampling
The sample shall be taken in accordance with the procedure described in the relevant national standard.
If the test is to be performed on dry aggregates, dry the sample to a constant mass at (105 ± 5) °C in
(24 ± 4) h and determine the mass. Repeat this procedure in 24 h increments until the mass changes by
less than 0,5 %. and mix thoroughly.
If the test is to be performed on moist aggregates, determine the moisture content as a percentage of
the dry mass and state this in the test report.
If the uniformity of a fraction is to be checked, the oversize aggregate (particles that are retained on
the upper sieve) and undersize aggregate (particles which pass the lower sieve) shall be removed by
sieving.
4.4 Procedure
4.4.1 Calibration of container
Weigh the clear plate and the empty container and then calibrate the container volume by filling it with
water at (20 ± 2) °C or at (27 ± 3) °C (in case of tropical environment). Cover it with the clear, flat plate
to eliminate air bubbles and excess water, and then dry the sides of the container. Determine the mass
of water with an accuracy of 0,1 %. The volume of the container in cubic meters can be determined by
dividing the mass of water, in kilograms, by 1,000.
4.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density
Fill the container with the thoroughly mixed aggregate using the shovel or scoop (4.2.4). Ensure that
the aggregate particles do not fall from more than 50 mm from the top of the container. Fill it above the
top and remove the excess aggregate particles by rolling the tamping rod (4.2.3) across the top of the
container remaining in contact with the lip. Remove by hand any aggregate particle, which impedes the
progress of the rod and fill in any obvious depressions. When checking aggregate 5 mm or smaller, the
surface should be levelled using the tamping rod as a straightedge. Weigh the aggregate and container
with an accuracy of 0,1 %.
4.4.3 Compacted bulk density
4.4.3.1 Compaction by rodding
Transfer aggregate to the container according to the procedure described above until it is about one-
2
third full. Level the surface by hand and tamp the layer of aggregate with 10 strokes per 100 cm evenly
distributed over the surface. Fill the container to about two-thirds full with more aggregate and tamp
as before. For the last layer, fill the container above the top and tamp again as before. When tamping
each layer, use an appropriate amount of force so that the previous layer of aggregate or bottom of the
3
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
container is not struck, and damage to the aggregate is avoided. Level the surface of the aggregate as
described above and weigh the aggregate and container with an accuracy of 0,1 %.
4.4.4 Compaction by other methods
Other methods of compaction such as mechanical vibration or jigging (lifting one side of the container
and dropping it from a small height) may be used to
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20290-1
First edition
Aggregates for concrete — Test
methods for mechanical and physical
properties —
Part 1:
Determination of bulk density,
particle density, particle mass-per-
volume and water absorption
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Determination of bulk density . 2
4.1 Principle . 2
4.2 Apparatus and materials . 2
4.3 Sampling . 3
4.4 Procedure . 3
4.4.1 Calibration of container . 3
4.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density. 3
4.4.3 Compacted bulk density . 3
4.4.4 Compaction by other methods. 4
4.5 Expression of test results . 4
4.6 Test report . 4
5 Determination of particle density and water absorption – Hydrostatic balance method .5
5.1 Principle . 5
5.2 Apparatus and materials . 5
5.3 Sampling . 5
5.4 Procedure . 6
5.5 Expression of test results . 7
5.6 Test report . 7
6 Determination of the particle density and water absorption - Pycnometer method .8
6.1 Principle . 8
6.2 Apparatus and materials . 8
6.3 Sampling .10
6.4 Procedure .10
6.5 Expression of test results .11
6.6 Test report .12
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 1, Test methods for concrete.
This edition of ISO 20290-1, together with ISO 20290-2 and ISO 20290-3, cancels and replaces
ISO 6274:1982, ISO 6782:1982, ISO 6783:1982 and ISO 7033:1987, which have been technically revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20290 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
Aggregates for concrete — Test methods for mechanical
and physical properties —
Part 1:
Determination of bulk density, particle density, particle
mass-per-volume and water absorption
1 Scope
This document describes procedures for determining certain properties of aggregates for use in
concrete for the determination of the loose or compacted bulk density, the determination of particle
density and water absorption using the hydrostatic balance method and the determination of the
particle mass-per-volume and water absorption using the Pycnometer method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes
of openings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
bulk density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate filling a specified container by the known
volume of the container, expressed in units of mass per unit volume, i.e. kilograms per cubic (1) meter
3
(kg/m )
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, the phrases "unit mass", "unit weight" and "density" are used instead.
3.2
particle density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate particles by the volume, including both
permeable and impermeable pores within the particles (but not including the voids between the
particles)
3
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a mass per unit volume, i.e. kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m ).
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
3.3
oven dry density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate particles heated in an oven until reaching
a constant mass by the volume including both permeable and impermeable pores within the particles
(but not including the voids between the particles)
3.4
saturated surface dry density
ratio obtained by dividing the mass of a sample of aggregate particles and water contained in its
permeable voids by the volume including both permeable and impermeable pores within the particles
(but not including the voids between the particles)
3.5
water absorption
increase in mass of an aggregate sample due to water penetration into the pores of the dry aggregate
particles (to exclude water adhering to the outside surface of the particles) during a prescribed period
of time
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass.
3.6
constant mass
mass determined after successive weighings at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 %
4 Determination of bulk density
4.1 Principle
The determination of the loose or compacted bulk density of dry or moist aggregates (normal or
lightweight) for concrete is defined by weighing of the aggregate sample using a constant volume
container.
4.2 Apparatus and materials
4.2.1 Cylindrical container, with a smooth inside, fitted with handles and with dimensions
approximately like those given in Table 1.
The container shall be watertight, corrosion resistant, and sufficiently rigid to retain its dimensions
despite rough usage. The top rim shall be smooth, planar to within 0,25 mm and parallel to the base to
within 0,5°. The ratio of the height of the container to its diameter shall be within the range 0,5 to 1,5.
Table 1 — Minimum capacity of container depending on aggregate size
Maximum size of aggregate Capacity
mm l
4 1
8 2,5
16 5
31,5 15
63 30
Note Other sizes of aggregates maybe different as valid in the place of use.
4.2.2 Balance, accurate to 0,2 % of the mass of the material to be weighed.
2 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
4.2.3 Tamping rod, made of straight metal with a diameter of 16mm, a length of approximately
600 mm and rounded ends.
4.2.4 Shovel or scoop.
4.2.5 Calibration equipment.
4.2.6 Clear plate, a piece of flat, transparent material larger on all sides than the diameter of the
calibrated cylindrical container (4.2.1). It shall be sufficiently rigid to remain planar when placed on the
container.
4.2.7 Thermometer, with a range of at least 10 °C to 32 °C and an accuracy of at least 0,5 °C.
4.3 Sampling
The sample shall be taken in accordance with the procedure described in the relevant national standard.
If the test is to be performed on dry aggregates, dry the sample to a constant mass at (105 ± 5) °C in
(24 ± 4) h and determine the mass. Repeat this procedure in 24 h increments until the mass changes by
less than 0,5 %. and mix thoroughly.
If the test is to be performed on moist aggregates, determine the moisture content as a percentage of
the dry mass and state this in the test report.
If the uniformity of a fraction is to be checked, the oversize aggregate (particles that are retained on
the upper sieve) and undersize aggregate (particles which pass the lower sieve) shall be removed by
sieving.
4.4 Procedure
4.4.1 Calibration of container
Weigh the clear plate and the empty container and then calibrate the container volume by filling it with
water at (20 ± 2) °C or at (27 ± 3) °C (in case of tropical environment). Cover it with the clear, flat plate
to eliminate air bubbles and excess water, and then dry the sides of the container. Determine the mass
of water with an accuracy of 0,1 %. The volume of the container in cubic meters can be determined by
dividing the mass of water, in kilograms, by 1,000.
4.4.2 Uncompacted bulk density
Fill the container with the thoroughly mixed aggregate using the shovel or scoop (4.2.4). Ensure that
the aggregate particles do not fall from more than 50 mm from the top of the container. Fill it above the
top and remove the excess aggregate particles by rolling the tamping rod (4.2.3) across the top of the
container remaining in contact with the lip. Remove by hand any aggregate particle, which impedes the
progress of the rod and fill in any obvious depressions. When checking aggregate 5 mm or smaller, the
surface should be levelled using the tamping rod as a straightedge. Weigh the aggregate and container
with an accuracy of 0,1 %.
4.4.3 Compacted bulk density
4.4.3.1 Compaction by rodding
Transfer aggregate to the container according to the procedure described above until it is about one-
2
third full. Level the surface by hand and tamp the layer of aggregate with 10 strokes per 100 cm evenly
distributed over the surface. Fill the container to about two-thirds full with more aggregate and tamp
as before. For the last layer, fill the container above the top and tamp again as before. When tamping
each layer, use an appropriate amount of force so that the previous layer of aggregate or bottom of the
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 3
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 20290-1:2021(E)
container is not struck, and damage to the aggregate is avoided. Level the surface of the aggregate as
described above and weigh the aggregate and container with an accuracy of 0,1 %.
4.4.4 Compaction by other methods
Other methods of compaction such as mechanical vibration or jigging (lifting one side of the container
and dropping it from a small height) may be used to compact the aggregate in the container and if used
shall be described in detail in the test report.
4.5 Expression of test results
The bulk density, ρ , in kilograms per cubic meter, can be calculated with Formula (1):
b
mm−
21
ρ = (1)
b
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.