ISO 871:2006

Plastics — Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace

ISO 871:2006 specifies a laboratory method for determining the flash-ignition temperature and spontaneous-ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace. It is one of a number of methods in use for evaluating the reaction of plastics to the effects of ignition sources. The method described does not give a direct measure of the combustibility or rate of burning of a material or any definition of the safe upper limit of temperature for the plastics in use, and is not intended to be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard or fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. Tests made under conditions of this method can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.

Plastiques — Détermination de la température d'allumage au moyen d'un four à air chaud

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Nov-2006
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 4 - Burning behaviour
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 4 - Burning behaviour
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 23-Feb-2022

Relations

• Revised: ISO 871:2022 - Plastics — Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020
• Revises: ISO 871:1996 - Plastics — Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 871
Third edition
2006-11-15
Plastics — Determination of ignition
temperature using a hot-air furnace
Plastiques — Détermination de la température d'allumage au moyen
d'un four à air chaud

Reference number
ISO 871:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 871:2006(E)
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ISO 871:2006(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Location of thermocouples . 3
7 Test specimens . 3
8 Procedure . 5
8.1 Flash-ignition temperature (FIT) . 5
8.2 Spontaneous-ignition temperature (SIT) . 6
9 Precision . 6
10 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Results obtained by interlaboratory trials . 7
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ISO 871:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 871 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning behaviour.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 871:1996), which has been technically revised.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 871:2006(E)
Plastics — Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air
furnace
1Scope
1.1 This International Standard specifies a laboratory method for determining the flash-ignition temperature
and spontaneous-ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace. It is one of a number of methods in
use for evaluating the reaction of plastics to the effects of ignition sources.
1.2 This method does not give a direct measure of the combustibility or rate of burning of a material or any
definition of the safe upper limit of temperature for the plastics in use, and it should not be used alone to
describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire hazard or fire risk assessment which takes into
account all of the factors pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 Tests made under conditions of this method can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition
characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will
cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials
according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
IEC 60584-2:1982, Thermocouples — Part 2: Tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply in addition to those given in
ISO 13943.
3.1
flash-ignition temperature
FIT
minimum temperature at which, under specified test conditions, sufficient flammable gases are emitted to ignite
momentarily on application of a pilot flame
3.2
spontaneous-ignition temperature
SIT
minimum temperature at which, under specified test conditions, ignition is obtained by heating in the absence of
any additional ignition source
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ISO 871:2006(E)
3.3
glowing combustion
combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the combustion zone
4Principle
A specimen of the material is heated in a hot-air ignition furnace using various temperatures within the heated
chamber, and the flash-ignition temperature is determined with a small pilot flame directed at the opening in the
top of the furnace to ignite evolved gases.
The spontaneous-ignition temperature is determined in the same manner as the flash-ignition temperature, but
without the pilot flame.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Hot-air ignition furnace, similar to that shown in Figure 1, consisting primarily of an electrical heating unit
and a specimen holder.
5.2 Furnace tube, with an inside diameter of 100 mm±5mm and a length of 240 mm± 20 mm, made of a
◦
ceramic that will withstand at least 750 C. The tube shall be positioned vertically so that it stands on the
furnace floor above a plug for the removal of accumulated residue.
◦
5.3 Inner ceramic tube, capable of withstanding at least 750 C, with an inside diameter of 75 mm±2mm,
a length of 240 mm± 20 mm and a thickness of approximately 3mm, placed centrally inside the furnace tube
and positioned 20 mm±2mm above the furnace floor on three small refractory spacer blocks. The top shall be
covered by a disc of heat-resistant material with a 25 mm±2mm diameter opening in the centre which is used
for observations and allows the passage of smoke and gases. The pilot flame shall be located immediately
above the opening.
5.4 Outside air source, to supply clean air near the top of the annular space between the ceramic tubes
through a copper tube at a steady and controllable rate. The air shall be heated and circulated in the space
between the two tubes and enter the inner ceramic tube at the bottom. The air flow shall be metered by a
rotameter or other suitable device.
5.5 Electrical heating unit, made of 50 turns of 1,3 mm± 0,1 mm nichrome wire or equivalent. The wires,
contained within a mineral-fibre sleeve, shall be wound around the furnace tube and shall be embedded in heat-
resistant cement.
5.6 Insulation, consisting of a layer of mineral-fibre wool approximately 60 mm thick, and covered by a sheet-
iron jacket.
5.7 Pilot igniter, consisting of a copper tube of nominal inside diameter 2,0 mm attached to a supply of 94 %
minimum purity propane and placed horizontally 5mm±1mm above the top surface of the disc cover. The
pilot flame shall be adjusted to 20 mm±2mm in length and centred above the opening in the disc cover.
5.8 Specimen support and holder, consisting of a metal specimen pan made of 0,7 mm± 0,2 mm thick
stainless steel and measuring 40 mm±2mm in diameter by 15 mm±2mm in depth, having a rounded
bottom and held in a ring of approximately 2mm diameter stainless-steel welding rod. The ring shall be welded
to a length
...