ISO/IEC 16022:2000

Information technology - International symbology specification - Data Matrix

Technologies de l'information — Spécification internationale des symboles — Data Matrix

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 03-May-2000
• Withdrawal Date: 03-May-2000
• ICS: 01.080.50 - Graphical symbols for use on information technology and telecommunications technical drawings and in relevant technical product documentation
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 06-Sep-2006
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2025

Relations

• Corrected By: ISO/IEC 16022:2000/Cor 1:2004 - Information technology - International symbology specification - Data Matrix - Technical Corrigendum 1
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revised: ISO/IEC 16022:2006 - Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture techniques - Data Matrix bar code symbology specification
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Parent: ISO/IEC 16022:2000/Cor 1:2004 - Information technology - International symbology specification - Data Matrix - Technical Corrigendum 1
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 16022
First edition
2000-05-01
Information technology — International
symbology specification — Data matrix
Technologies de l'information — Spécification internationale des
symboles — Matrice de données
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2000
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ii © ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved

Contents
Introduction . 1
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative References . 1
3 Definitions and Mathematical Symbols . 1
3.1 Definitions . 1
3.1.1 Alignment Pattern . 1
3.1.2 Codeword . 1
3.1.3 Module . 2
3.1.4 Convolutional Coding . 2
3.1.5 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) . 2
3.1.6 Extended Channel Interpretation (ECI) . 2
3.1.7 Pattern Randomizing . 2
3.2 Mathematical Symbols and Operation . 2
4 Symbol Description . 2
4.1 Basic Characteristics . 2
4.2 Summary of Additional Features . 3
4.3 Symbol Structure . 3
4.3.1 Finder Pattern . 4
4.3.2 Symbol Sizes . 4
5 ECC 000 - 140 Requirements . 4
5.1 Encode Procedure Overview . 4
5.2 Data Encodation . 5
5.2.1 Base 11 - Numeric Encodation . 6
5.2.2 Base 27 - Upper-case Alphabetic Encodation . 6
5.2.3 Base 37 - Upper-case Alphanumeric Encodation . 6
5.2.4 Base 41 - Upper-case Alphanumeric plus Punctuation Encodation . 6
5.2.5 ASCII Encodation . 7
5.2.6 8-bit Byte Encodation . 7
5.3 User Selection of Error Correction Level . 7
5.3.1 Selection of Error Correction Level . 7
5.3.2 Additional Error Correction Levels Based on Convolutional Codes . 7
5.4 Constructing the Unprotected Bit Stream . 7
5.4.1 Format ID Bit Field . 7
5.4.2 CRC Bit Field . 7
5.4.3 Data Length Bit Field . 7
5.4.4 Data Prefix Construction . 7
5.4.5 Completing the Unprotected Bit Stream . 7
5.5 Constructing the Unrandomized Bit Stream . 7
5.5.1 Header Construction . 8
5.5.2 Applying Convolutional Coding to Create the Protected Bit Stream . 8
5.5.3 Trailer Construction . 8
5.5.4 Completing the Unrandomized Bit Stream .8
5.6 Pattern Randomizing . 8
5.7 Module Placement in Matrix . 8
6 ECC 200 Requirements . 8
6.1 Encode Procedure Overview . 8
6.2 Data Encodation . 9
6.2.1 Overview . 9
6.2.2 Default Character Interpretation . 9
6.2.3 ASCII Encodation . 9
6.2.4 Symbology Control Characters . 10
6.2.5 C40 Encodation . 11
6.2.6 Text Encodation . 12
6.2.7 ANSI X12 Encodation . 12
6.2.8 EDIFACT Encodation . 13
© ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved iii

6.2.9 Base 256 Encodation . 14
6.3 User Considerations . 14
6.3.1 User Selection of Extended Channel Interpretation . 14
6.3.2 User Selection of Symbol Size and Shape .14
6.4 Extended Channel Interpretation . 14
6.4.1 Encoding ECIs . 15
6.4.2 ECIs and Structured Append . 15
6.4.3 Post-Decode Protocol . 17
6.5 ECC 200 Symbol Attributes . 17
6.5.1 Symbol Sizes and Capacity . 17
6.5.2 Insertion of Alignment Patterns into Larger Symbols . 17
6.6 Structured Append . 17
6.6.1 Basic Principles . 17
6.6.2 Symbol Sequence Indicator. 17
6.6.3 File Identification . 17
6.6.4 FNC1 and Structured Append . 17
6.6.5 Buffered and Unbuffered Operation . 18
6.7 Error Detection and Correction . 18
6.7.1 Generating the Error Correction Codewords . 18
6.7.2 Error Correction Capacity . 18
6.8 Symbol Construction . 19
6.8.1 Symbol Character Placement . 19
6.8.2 Alignment Pattern Module Placement . 19
6.8.3 Finder Pattern Module Placement . 19
7 Symbol Dimensions . 20
7.1 Dimensions . 20
7.2 Quiet Zone . 20
8 Symbol Quality . 20
8.1 Obtaining the Test Image . 20
8.2 Symbol Quality Parameters . 20
8.2.1 Decode . 20
8.2.2 Symbol Contrast . 20
8.2.3 “Print” Growth . 20
8.2.4 Axial Nonuniformity . 20
8.2.5 Unused Error Correction . 20
8.3 Overall Symbol Grade . 21
8.4 Process Control Measurements. 21
9 Reference Decode Algorithm for Data Matrix . 21
10 User Guidelines . 26
10.1 Human Readable Interpretation . 26
10.2 Autodiscrimination Capability . 26
10. 3 System Consideration . 27
11 Transmitted Data . 27
11.1 Protocol for FNC1 (ECC 200 Only) . 27
11.2 Protocol for FNC1 in the Second Position . 27
11.3 Protocol for Macro Characters in the First Position (ECC 200 only). 27
11.4 Protocol for ECIs (ECC 200 Only). 27
11.5 Symbology Identifier . 28
11.6 Transmitted Data Example . 28
Annexe A (Normative) . 29
ECC 000 - 140 Symbol Attributes . 29
A.1 ECC 000 . 29
A.2 ECC 050 . 29
A.3 ECC 080 . 30
A.4 ECC 100 . 30
A.5 ECC 140 . 31
Annexe B (Normative) . 32
iv © ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved

ECC 000 - 140 Data Module Placement Grids . 32
Annexe C (Normative) . 41
ECC 000 - 140 Character Encodation Schemes .41
C.1 Base 11 Encodation Scheme. 44
C.1.1 First Stage Procedure . 44
C.1.2 Second Stage Procedure . 44
C.1.3 Example . 44
C.2 Base 27 Encodation Scheme . 45
C.2.1 First Stage Procedure . 45
C.2.2 Second Stage Procedure . 45
C.2.3 Example . 45
C.3 Base 37 Encodation Scheme . 46
C.3.1 First Stage Procedure . 46
C.3.2 Second Stage Procedure . 46
C.3.3 Example . 46
C.4 Base 41 Encodation Scheme . 47
C.4.1 First Stage Procedure . 47
C.4.2 Second Stage Procedure . 47
C.4.3 Example . 47
Annexe D (Normative) . 48
ECC 000 - 140 CRC Algorithm . 48
D.1 CRC State Machine . 48
D.2 CRC Polynomial . 48
D.3 CRC 2-Byte Header . 48
Annexe E (Normative) . 49
ECC 000 - 140 Error Checking and Correcting Algorithms . 49
E.1 ECC 000 . 49
E.2 ECC 050 . 49
E.3 ECC 080 . 49
E.4 ECC 100 . 49
E.5 ECC 140 . 49
E.6 Processing the Convolutional Code . 49
E.7 Convolutional Codes Reference Decode Algorithm.49
Annexe F (Normative) . 55
ECC 000 - 140 Master Random Bit Stream. 55
Annexe G (Normative) . 56
ECC 200 Interleaving Process . 56
G.1 Schematic Illustration . 56
G.2 Starting Sequence for Interleaving in Different Sized Symbols . 57
Annexe H (Normative) . 59
ECC 200 Pattern Randomizing . 59
H.1 253-State Algorithm . 59
H.1.1 253-State Randomizing Algorithm . 59
H.1.2 253-State Un-Randomizing Algorithm .59
H.2 255-State Algorithm . 59
H.2.1 255-State Randomizing Algorithm . 59
H.2.2 255-State Un-Randomizing Algorithm . 59
Annexe J (Normative) . 60
ECC 200 Encodation Character Sets . 60
J.1 C40 Encodation Character Set . 60
J.2 Text Encodation Character Set . 61
J.3 EDIFACT Encodation Character Set . 62
Annexe K (Normative) . 63
ECC 200 Alignment Patterns . 63
Annexe L (Normative) . 65
ECC 200 Reed-Solomon Error Detection and Correction . 65
L.1 Error Correction Codeword Generator Polynomials .65
© ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved v

L.2 Error Correction Calculation . 66
Annexe M (Normative) . 68
ECC 200 Symbol Character Placement . 68
M.1 Symbol Character Placement Program . 68
M.2 Symbol Character Placement Rules . 71
M.2.1 Non-standard Symbol Character Shapes .71
M.2.2 Symbol Character Arrangement . 71
M.3 Symbol Character Placement Examples for ECC 200 . 75
Annexe N (Normative) . 82
2D Matrix Bar Code Print Quality - Guideline . 82
N.1 Obtaining the Test Image . 82
N.2 Assessing Symbol Parameters . 82
N.2.1 Decode . 82
N.2.2 Symbol Contrast . 82
N.2.3 “Print” Growth . 83
N.2.4 Axial Nonuniformity . 83
N.2.5 Unused Error Correction . 83
N.3 Overall Symbol Grade . 84
Annexe P (Normative) . 84
Symbology Identifier . 84
Annexe Q (Informative) . 84
ECC 000-140 Encode Example Using ECC 050 . 84
Q.1 CRC Calculation for Example . 89
Annexe R (Informative) . 90
ECC 200 Encode Example . 90
Annexe S (Informative) . 91
Encoding Data Using the Minimum Symbol Data Characters for ECC 200 . 91
Annexe T (Informative) . 92
Useful Process Control Techniques . 92
T.1 Symbol Contrast . 93
T.2 Special Reference Symbol . 93
T.3 Assessing Axial Nonuniformity . 93
T.4 Visual Inspection for Symbol Distortion and Defects . 93
Annexe U (Informative) . 94
Autodiscrimination Capabilities . 94
Annexe V (Informative) . 94
System Considerations . 94
vi © ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 16022 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
International Standard ISO/IEC 16022 was prepared by AIM International (as ANSI/AIM BC11) and was adopted,
under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,in
parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
Annexes A to P form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes Q to V are for information only.
© ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved vii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16022:2000(E)
Information technology — International symbology
specification — Data matrix
Introduction
ISO/IEC
Data Matrix is a two-dimensional matrix symbology 8859-1 Information Processing - 8-bit
which is made up of square modules arranged within Single-byte Coded Graphic
a perimeter finder pattern. Though primarily shown Character Sets - Part 1 (Latin
and described in this document as a dark symbol on Alphabet Number 1)
light background, Data Matrix symbols can also be
printed to appear as light on dark. ECI Assignments Document- AIM International
Manufacturers of bar code equipment and users
of the technology require publicly available standard
3 Definitions and Mathematical
symbology specifications to which they can refer
when developing equipment and application
Symbols
standards. The publication of Symbology
3.1 Definitions
Specifications is designed to achieve this.
For the purposes of this specification, the following
definitions in EN 1556 shall apply:
1 Scope
This specification defines the requirements for the
algorithm, application standard, ASCII,
symbology known as Data Matrix. It specifies the
autodiscrimination, binary, bit, CCD, code page,
Data Matrix symbology characteristics, data
code set, data character, data codeword, data
character encodation, symbol formats, dimensions
region, data separator character, decode
and print quality requirements, error correction rules,
algorithm, decoder, error correction, finder
decoding algorithm, and user-selectable application
pattern, human readable character, latch
parameters.
character, leading zeros, matrix symbology,
modulo, numeric, omnidirectional, orientation
pattern, overhead, pad character, pixel, quiet
2 Normative References zone, reference decode algorithm, Reed-Solomon
error correction, scanner, shift characters,
This specification incorporates provisions from other
structured append, symbol character, symbology,
publications. These normative references are cited
symbology identifier, X-dimension
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed below. The latest edition of
The following definitions also apply to this
the publication referred to applies.
specification. Although some of the terms below are
defined in EN1556, the definitions which follow
EN796 Bar Coding : Symbology Identifiers
below are more appropriate for this specification.
EN1556 Bar Coding : Terminology
3.1.1 Alignment Pattern
A unique pattern in larger ECC 200 Data Matrix
ANSI
symbols, made up of a solid line of contiguous dark
X3.182 Bar Code Print Quality - Guideline
cells abutting a line of alternating dark and light
(Same as EN1635 - Bar Coding :
cells. The alignment patterns run horizontally and
Test Specifications for Bar Code
vertically within the symbols.
Symbols)
ANSI
3.1.2 Codeword
X3.4 Coded Character Sets - 7-bit
A symbol character value. An intermediate level of
American National Standard Code
coding between source data and the graphical
for Information Interchange (7-bit
encodation in the symbol.
ASCII)
(equivalent to the US national
version of ISO 646)
© ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved 1

3.1.3 Module generate the convolutional code
(for ECC 200) total number of error correction
A single cell in a matrix symbology used to encode
codewords
one bit of data. In Data Matrix the module is a
m the memory order of the convolutional code
square shape.
n (for ECC 000 - 140) the number of bits in a
complete segment generated by the state
3.1.4 Convolutional Coding
machine producing the convolutional code
An Error Checking and Correcting (ECC) algorithm
(for ECC 200) total number of data codewords
that processes a set of input bits into a set of output
N the numerical base in a encodation scheme
bits that can recover from damage. The encoding
p number of misdecode protection codewords
process consists of breaking the input bits into
S symbol character
blocks, then convolving each input block with the
t number of errors
contents of a multi-stage shift register to produce
u the input bit segment to the state machine,
protected output blocks. These encoders can be
taken k bits at a time
constructed in hardware using input and output
v the output bit segment from the state machine,
switches, shift registers, and exclusive-or (XOR)
generated n bits at a time
gates.
X horizontal and vertical width of a module
, error correction codeword
3.1.5 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
An error detection algorithm which performs binary
modulo 2 long division of a binary input stream by a
For the purposes of this specification, the notations
fixed binary bit stream and produces as output the
and mathematical operations which follow shall
remainder of this division. The fixed binary bit
apply:
stream is usually represented by a polynomial. The
remainder of the division is the CRC value. The
div is the integer division operator
division can be implemented in hardware by shift
mod is the integer remainder after division
registers and XOR gates. The purpose of a CRC is
XOR is the exclusive-or logic function whose
to provide error detection allowing validation of the
output is one only when its two inputs are
user data after correction by the ECC process.
not equivalent.
LSB Least significant bit
3.1.6 Extended Channel Interpretation (ECI)
MSB Most significant bit
A protocol used by some symbologies that allows
the output data stream to have interpretations other
than that of the default character set.
4 Symbol Description
3.1.7 Pattern Randomizing
4.1 Basic Characteristics
A procedure which converts an original bit pattern to
Data Matrix is a two-dimensional matrix symbology.
another bit pattern by inverting selected bits. The
There are two types: ECC 000 - 140 with several
resulting bit stream is less likely to have repeating
available levels of convolutional error correction
patterns.
and ECC 200 which uses Reed-Solomon error
correction. For new applications ECC 200 is
recommended. ECC 000 - 140 should only be used
3.2 Mathematical Symbols and Operation
in closed applications where a single party controls
For the purposes of this specification, the
both the production and reading of the symbols and
mathematical symbols which follow shall apply
is responsible for overall system performance. The
globally unless defined locally:
characteristics of Data Matrix are:
d number of error correction codewords
a. Encodable character set:
e number of erasures
k (for ECC 000 - 140) the number of bits in a
1. values 0 - 127 in accordance with ANSI
complete segment input to the state machine to
X3.4, i.e. all 128 ASCII characters
2 © ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved

(equivalent to the U.S. national version of
4.2 Summary of Additional Features
ISO 646)
The following summarises additional features which
2. values 128 - 255 in accordance with ISO
are inherent or optional in Data Matrix:
8859-1; Latin Alphabet No. 1. These are
referred to as extended ASCII
a. Reflectance reversal: (Inherent) Symbols are
intended to be read when marked so that the
b. Representation of data: A dark module is a
image is either dark on light or light on dark
binary one and a light module is a zero.
(see Figure 1).
c. Symbol size in modules (not including quiet
b. Extended Channel Interpretations: (ECC 200
zone):
only, optional) This mechanism enables
characters from other character sets (e.g.
ECC 000 - 140 ECC 200
Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew) and other
9 by 9 10 by 10
data interpretations or industry-specific
to 49 by 49 to 144 by 144
requirements to be represented.
Odd Only Even Only
c. Rectangular symbols: (ECC 200 only,
d. Data characters per symbol (for maximum
optional) Six symbol formats are specified in
symbol size in ECC200):
a rectangular form.
1. Alphanumeric data: up to 2335
d. Structured append: (ECC 200 only, optional)
characters
This allows files of data to be represented in
2. 8-bit byte data: 1556 characters
up to 16 Data Matrix symbols. The original
3. Numeric data: 3116 digits
data can be correctly reconstructed regardless
of the order in which the symbols are scanned.
e. Selectable error correction:
ECC 000 - 140: Four levels of convolutional
error correction, plus the
4.3 Symbol Structure
option to apply only error
Each Data Matrix symbol consists of data regions
detection
which contain nominally square modules set out in a
ECC 200: Reed-Solomon error
regular array. In larger ECC 200 symbols, data
correction
regions are separated by alignment patterns. The
data region is surrounded by a finder pattern, and
f. Code type: Matrix
this shall be surrounded on all four sides by a quiet
zone border. Figure 1 illustrates an ECC 140 and
g. Orientation independence: Yes
two representations of an ECC 200 symbol.
a. ECC 140 (dark on light) b. ECC 200 (dark on light) c. ECC 200 (light on dark)
Figure 1: ECC 140 (a) and ECC 200 (b & c) encoding "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8I9J0K1L2"Figure 1: ECC 140 (a) and ECC 200 (b & c) encoding "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8I9J0K1L2"Figure 1: ECC 140 (a) and ECC 200 (b & c) encoding "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8I9J0K1L2"Figure 1: ECC 140 (a) and ECC 200 (b & c) encoding "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8I9J0K1L2"Figure 1: ECC 140 (a) and ECC 200 (b & c) encoding "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7H8I9J0K1L2"
© ISO/IEC 2000 – All rights reserved 3

4.3.1 Finder Pattern
Annexe Q. The following steps convert user data to
The finder pattern is a perimeter to the data region
an ECC 000 - 140 symbol:
and is one module wide. Two adjacent sides, the left
and lower sides, forming the L boundary, are solid
Step 1: Data Encodation
dark lines; these are used primarily to determine
The user data is analyzed to identify the variety
physical size, orientation and symbol distortion. The
of different characters to be encoded. For
two opposite sides are made up of alternating dark
maximum compaction efficiency, the lowest
and light modules. These are used primarily to
level encodation scheme capable of encoding
define the cell structure of the symbol, but also can
the dat
...