ISO 23629-7:2021
(Main)UAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 7: Data model for spatial data
UAS traffic management (UTM) — Part 7: Data model for spatial data
This document specifies the data model that is related to various spatial information for common use between the UAS service provider and the system for operation control, e.g. UTM. This document specifies the names of the items for the data model, while the communication architecture and responsibilities of actors to define the items are not included.
Gestion du trafic des aéronefs sans pilote (UTM) — Partie 7: Modèle de données pour les données spatiales
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23629-7
First edition
2021-09
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Part 7:
Data model for spatial data
Gestion du trafic des aéronefs sans pilote (UTM) —
Partie 7: Modèle de données pour les données spatiales
Reference number
ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Data model . 2
4.1 Overall data model . 2
4.2 Ground map package . 3
4.2.1 Overview . 3
4.2.2 Attributes of takeoff and landing area. 3
4.2.3 Attributes of land . 4
4.3 Obstacle data package . 5
4.3.1 Overview . 5
4.3.2 Attributes of static obstacle . 5
4.3.3 Attributes of temporal obstacle . 5
4.4 Virtual data package . 6
4.4.1 Overview . 6
4.4.2 Attributes of airspace . 6
4.4.3 Attributes of flight route. 6
4.4.4 Attributes of CNS coverage. 7
4.5 Dynamic data package . 7
4.5.1 Overview . 7
4.5.2 Object sub-package . 8
4.5.3 Phenomena sub-package . 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of information .11
Annex B (informative) Use cases.12
Bibliography .26
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee, ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23629 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Introduction
In order to enable UAS (unmanned aircraft systems) to operate safely, there is a need to define the data
model that is related to various spatial information for common use between the UAS operators and the
UAS traffic management (UTM) system. Existing standards regarding spatial data for safely operating
UAS including static data and dynamic data do not exist, whereas efforts are underway to establish
related standards on the part of ASTM and EUROCAE.
This document can be used as a reference model. Implementations of this document can lead to cost
reductions in maintenance/expansion for application developers as well as compilation/maintenance
of map data for map providers.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Part 7:
Data model for spatial data
1 Scope
This document specifies the data model that is related to various spatial information for common
use between the UAS service provider and the system for operation control, e.g. UTM. This document
specifies the names of the items for the data model, while the communication architecture and
responsibilities of actors to define the items are not included.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19157, Geographic information — Data quality
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
aerodrome
defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be
used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft
[SOURCE: ICAO/Annex 2]
3.2
CNS
communications, navigation, and surveillance systems, employing digital technologies, including
satellite systems together with various levels of automation
[SOURCE: ICAO Doc. 9750]
3.3
time
mark attributed to an instant or a time interval on a specified time scale
Note 1 to entry: The representation rules are defined in the ISO 8601 series.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 8601-1:2019, 3.1.1.2, modified — The original notes to entry have been removed; a new
note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.4
elevation
vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean sea
level
[SOURCE: ICAO/Annex 4]
3.5
flight route
specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of UTM (3.11)
3.6
geo-limitation
entity that represents area surrounded by virtual boundary lines in the real world
3.7
geoid undulation
height of the geoid relative to a given ellipsoid of reference
3.8
height above ellipsoid
vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from World
Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) ellipsoid
3.9
shape
horizontal projection on earth of a given object
3.10
magnetic declination
angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north and true north
3.11
UAS traffic management
UTM
set of traffic management and air navigation services aiming at safe, secure and efficient integration of
multiple manned and unmanned aircraft flying inside the respective designated operational coverage
of each service
4 Data model
4.1 Overall data model
Overall data model shall consist of four packages: ground map package, obstacle data package,
virtual data package, dynamic data package. Figure 1 shows the overall data model. For examples of
information, see Annex A. For use cases, see Annex B.
An overall, data quality management system shall prove the data quality in accordance with ISO 19157.
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Figure 1 — Overall data model
4.2 Ground map package
4.2.1 Overview
Ground map package contains data that are defined as “geographical surface areas designed for specific
activities”. Ground map package shall as a minimum contain two entities: takeoff and landing areas and
land.
4.2.2 Attributes of takeoff and landing area
Takeoff and landing area is an entity that represents the area designated for either takeoff or landing
of a UA (unmanned aircraft) in the real world. Table 1 summarizes minimum attributes of takeoff and
landing area. Magnetic declination changes over time, and it may be updated as needed. Takeoff and
landing area may include vertiports using the elements of conditions for operation and resources.
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Table 1 — Attributes of takeoff and landing area
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Available time interval Information indicating the time interval the area is available
Elevation Information indicating the elevation
Geoid undulation at elevation Information indicating the geoid undulation at elevation
Time zone Information indicating the time zone
Magnetic declination Information indicating the magnetic declination
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details
(e.g. administration’s name, address, telephone)
Conditions for operation Information indicating the conditions for operation (e.g. weather conditions,
aircraft performance, operation procedures), either generally applicable to
all operations, or limited to specific operations
Resources Information indicating the equipment of the entity (e.g. energy supply,
repairment, on-site staff)
Availability of emergency landing Information indicating availability of emergency landing areas including
areas dimensions and operating conditions, if any
4.2.3 Attributes of land
Land is an entity that represents artificially divided areas for specific activities in the real world. Table 2
lists minimum attributes of land. Magnetic declination changes over time, and it may be updated as
needed.
Table 2 — Attributes of land
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Elevation Information indicating the elevation
Geoid undulation at elevation Information indicating the geoid undulation at elevation
Time zone Information indicating the time zone
Magnetic declination Information indicating the magnetic declination
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Availability of emergency landing Information indicating availability of emergency landing areas including
areas dimensions and operating conditions, if any
Type of land Information indicating the type of land (e.g. farmland, road)
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
4.3 Obstacle data package
4.3.1 Overview
Obstacle data package shall contain data that are defined as “tangible objects having a temporarily or
permanently fixed location in the real world and pose a potential hazard to surface or air traffic of
aircraft”. Obstacle data package shall as a minimum contain two entities: static and temporal obstacle.
4.3.2 Attributes of static obstacle
Static obstacle can be used for buildings, pylons, trees, etc. Table 3 summarizes minimum attributes of
static obstacle.
Table 3 — Attributes of static obstacle
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Height Information indicating the height of the entity’s maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Type of obstacle Information indicating the type of obstacle (e.g. building, tower, pole, antenna)
4.3.3 Attributes of temporal obstacle
Temporal obstacle can be used for short-term erections or for modifications to a static obstacle such as
scaffolding. Table 4 summarizes minimum attributes of temporal obstacle.
Table 4 — Attributes of temporal obstacle
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Height Information indicating the height of the entity’s maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Type of obstacle Information indicating the type of obstacle (e.g. scaffolding, construction
equipment)
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
4.4 Virtual data package
4.4.1 Overview
Virtual data package shall contain data that are defined as “virtual objects that are intangible
representations (including computer simulated representations) of attributes of particular real-world
areas or objects”. Virtual data package shall as a minimum contain three entities: airspace, flight routes,
and CNS coverage.
4.4.2 Attributes of airspace
Table 5 summarizes attributes of airspace. Airspace may include geo-limitations using the elements of
conditions for operation and type of airspace.
Table 5 — Attributes of airspace
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Maximum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Minimum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's minimum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details
(e.g. administration’s name, address, telephone)
Conditions for operation Information indicating the conditions for operation (e.g. weather conditions,
aircraft performance, operation procedures), either generally applicable to
all operations, or limited to specific operations
Availability of UTM services Information indicating availability of UTM services (e.g. sharing of traffic
information between manned and unmanned aircraft), if any
Type of airspace Controlled airspace, uncontrolled airspace, authorized airspace, unauthorized
airspace, etc.
4.4.3 Attributes of flight route
Table 6 summarizes attributes of flight route. A flight route is an entity that consists of a sequence of
waypoints and tolerance from each waypoint, representing a group of coordinates in terms of latitudes,
longitudes and height for a flight of a UA, which may have a temporal element if necessary.
Table 6 — Attributes of flight route
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Sequence of waypoints Information indicating the sequence of elements the flight route entity entails,
along with a time element if necessary
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Table 6 (continued)
Attribute Description
Tolerance of waypoints Information indicating the tolerated deviation from the entity in terms of
distance from a given waypoint, based on the same ICAO principles that are
used in required navigation performance (RNP) as necessary.
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details
(e.g. administration’s name, address, telephone)
Conditions for operation Information indicating the conditions for operation (e.g. weather conditions,
aircraft performance, operation procedures), either generally applicable to
all operations, or limited to specific operations
Availability of UTM services Information indicating availability of UTM services (e.g. sharing of traffic
information between manned and unmanned aircraft), if any
Type of flight route Controlled flight route, uncontrolled flight route, etc.
4.4.4 Attributes of CNS coverage
CNS coverage is an entity that represents the coverage of individual units composing the CNS
infrastructure in the real world. Table 7 summarizes minimum attributes of CNS coverage.
Table 7 — Attributes of CNS coverage
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Maximum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Minimum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's minimum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the vertices or the centroid of the entity in terms of
latitudes and longitudes, where vertices are indicated for polylines, polygons,
and polynomial curves, and the centroid in case of circles
Type of CNS Information indicating the type of communication (e.g. cellular network,
radio), navigation (e.g. satellite navigation, radio navigation), surveillance
(ADS-B, transponder) and coverage data of the entity
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details
(e.g. administration’s name, address, telephone)
4.5 Dynamic data package
4.5.1 Overview
Dynamic data package shall as a minimum contain two sub-packages: object sub-package and
phenomena sub-package.
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
4.5.2 Object sub-package
4.5.2.1 Overview
Object sub-package shall contain data that are defined as “objects with time-varying positions”. Object
sub-package contains two entities: manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft.
4.5.2.2 Attributes of manned aircraft
Manned aircraft is an entity that represents manned aircraft in the real world. Table 8 summarizes
minimum attributes of manned aircraft. Trajectory is split in to two descriptions: planned and updated.
Planned trajectory include the flight planned route and airspace (e.g. a group of coordinates of control
points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the entity as specified in the flight plan submitted for
the entity, whereas updated trajectory include the entity’s updated and recorded route, airspace (e.g. a
group of coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius), and positions that consist
of the updated and recorded altitudes, speeds and coordinates in terms of latitudes and longitudes
of the entity, and the timestamp of the latest update. Planned trajectory and updated trajectory are
linked with individual manned aircraft, as opposed to flight route defined in 4.4.3, which can be fixed
independently of any specific manned aircraft. Considering that manned aircraft may not necessarily
fly along a fixed flight route, planned trajectory and updated trajectory do not need to correspond to
any flight route. The frequency of the update is outside the scope of this document.
Table 8 — Attributes of manned aircraft
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Planned trajectory Information indicating the flight planned route and airspace (e.g. polygon,
polyline, or circle) of the entity as specified in the flight plan submitted for
the entity
Updated trajectory Information indicating the entity’s updated and recorded route, airspace
(e.g. a group of coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point
with radius), and positions that consist of the updated and recorded speeds,
headings, and coordinates in terms of latitudes, longitudes and height of the
entity, and the time of the latest update
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details
(e.g. administration’s name, address, telephone)
Model Information indicating the entity’s model (e.g. manufacturer’s name, product
name, version number)
4.5.2.3 Attributes of unmanned aircraft
Unmanned aircraft is an entity that represents unmanned aircraft in the real world. Table 9 summarizes
attribute of unmanned aircraft. Planned trajectory and updated trajectory are linked with individual
unmanned aircraft, as opposed to flight route defined in 4.4.3, which can be fixed independently of any
specific unmanned aircraft. Considering that unmanned aircraft may not necessarily fly along a fixed
flight route, planned trajectory and updated trajectory do not need to correspond to any flight route.
Table 9 — Attributes of unmanned aircraft
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
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ISO 23629-7:2021(E)
Table 9 (continued)
Attribute Description
Planned trajectory Information indicating the flight planned route and airspace (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point with radius) of the
entity as specified in the flight plan submitted for the entity
Updated trajectory Information indicating the entity’s updated and recorded route, airspace
(e.g. a group of coordinates of control points for polygon or centre point
with radius), and positions that consist of the updated and recorded speeds,
headings, and coordinates in terms of latitudes, longitudes and height of the
entity, and the time of the latest update
Position of the remote pilot station Information indicating the geographical position of the remote pilot station that
manipulates the flight controls of the entity, and, if needed, the geographical
position of monitoring stations
Identifier of the operator Information for id
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23629-7
ISO/TC 20/SC 16
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on:
Part 7:
2021-06-16
Data model for spatial data
Voting terminates on:
2021-08-11
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Data model . 2
4.1 Overall data model . 2
4.2 Ground map package . 3
4.2.1 Overview . 3
4.2.2 Attributes of takeoff and landing area. 3
4.2.3 Attributes of land . 4
4.3 Obstacle data package . 5
4.3.1 Overview . 5
4.3.2 Attributes of static obstacle . 5
4.3.3 Attributes of temporal obstacle . 5
4.4 Virtual data package . 6
4.4.1 Overview . 6
4.4.2 Attributes of airspace . 6
4.4.3 Attributes of flight route. 6
4.4.4 Attributes of CNS coverage. 7
4.5 Dynamic data package . 7
4.5.1 Overview . 7
4.5.2 Object sub-package . 8
4.5.3 Phenomena sub-package . 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of information .11
Annex B (informative) Use cases.12
Bibliography .26
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee, ISO/TC20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
Introduction
In order to enable UAS (unmanned aircraft systems) to operate safely, there is a need to define the data
model that is related to various spatial information for common use between the UAS operators and the
UAS traffic management (UTM) system. Existing standards regarding spatial data for safely operating
UAS including static data and dynamic data do not exist, whereas efforts are underway to establish
related standards on the part of ASTM and EUROCAE.
This document can be used as a reference model. Implementations of this document can lead to cost
reductions in maintenance/expansion for application developers as well as compilation/maintenance
of map data for map providers.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
UAS traffic management (UTM) —
Part 7:
Data model for spatial data
1 Scope
This document specifies the data model that is related to various spatial information for common
use between the UAS service provider and the system for operation control, e.g. UTM. This document
specifies the names of the items for the data model, while the communication architecture and
responsibilities of actors to define the items are not included.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 19157, Geographic information — Data quality
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
aerodrome
defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be
used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft
[SOURCE: ICAO/Annex 2]
3.2
CNS
communications, navigation, and surveillance systems, employing digital technologies, including
satellite systems together with various levels of automation
[SOURCE: ICAO Doc. 9750]
3.3
time
mark attributed to an instant or a time interval on a specified time scale
Note 1 to entry: The representation rules are defined in the ISO 8601 series.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 8601-1:2019, 3.1.1.2, modified — The original notes to entry have been removed; a new
note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.4
elevation
vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean sea
level
[SOURCE: ICAO/Annex 4]
3.5
flight route
specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of UTM (3.11)
3.6
geo-limitation
entity that represents area surrounded by virtual boundary lines in the real world
3.7
geoid undulation
height of the geoid relative to a given ellipsoid of reference
3.8
height above ellipsoid
vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from World
Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) ellipsoid
3.9
shape
horizontal projection on earth of a given object
3.10
magnetic declination
angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north and true north
3.11
UAS traffic management
UTM
set of traffic management and air navigation services aiming at safe, secure and efficient integration of
multiple manned and unmanned aircraft flying inside the respective designated operational coverage
of each service
4 Data model
4.1 Overall data model
Overall data model shall consist of four packages: ground map package, obstacle data package,
virtual data package, dynamic data package. Figure 1 shows the overall data model. For examples of
information, see Annex A. For use cases, see Annex B.
An overall, data quality management system shall prove the data quality in accordance with ISO 19157.
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ISO/FDIS 23629-7:2021(E)
Figure 1 — Overall data model
4.2 Ground map package
4.2.1 Overview
Ground map package contains data that are defined as “geographical surface areas designed for specific
activities”. Ground map package shall as a minimum contain two entities: takeoff and landing areas and
land.
4.2.2 Attributes of takeoff and landing area
Takeoff and landing area is an entity that represents the area designated for either takeoff or landing
of a UA (unmanned aircraft) in the real world. Table 1 summarizes minimum attributes of takeoff and
landing area. Magnetic declination changes over time, and it may be updated as needed. Takeoff and
landing area may include vertiports using the elements of conditions for operation and resources.
Table 1 — Attributes of takeoff and landing area
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
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Table 1 (continued)
Attribute Description
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Available time interval Information indicating the time interval the area is available
Elevation Information indicating the elevation
Geoid undulation at elevation Information indicating the geoid undulation at elevation
Time zone Information indicating the time zone
Magnetic declination Information indicating the magnetic declination
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details (e.g. ad-
ministration’s name, address, telephone)
Conditions for operation Information indicating the conditions for operation (e.g. weather conditions,
aircraft performance, operation procedures), either generally applicable to
all operations, or limited to specific operations
Resources Information indicating the equipment of the entity (e.g. energy supply, re-
pairment, on-site staff)
Availability of emergency landing Information indicating availability of emergency landing areas including
areas dimensions and operating conditions, if any
4.2.3 Attributes of land
Land is an entity that represents artificially divided areas for specific activities in the real world. Table 2
lists minimum attributes of land. Magnetic declination changes over time, and it may be updated as
needed.
Table 2 — Attributes of land
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Elevation Information indicating the elevation
Geoid undulation at elevation Information indicating the geoid undulation at elevation
Time zone Information indicating the time zone
Magnetic declination Information indicating the magnetic declination
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Availability of emergency landing Information indicating availability of emergency landing areas including
areas dimensions and operating conditions, if any
Type of land Information indicating the type of land (e.g. farmland, road)
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4.3 Obstacle data package
4.3.1 Overview
Obstacle data package shall contain data that are defined as “tangible objects having a temporarily or
permanently fixed location in the real world and pose a potential hazard to surface or air traffic of
aircraft”. Obstacle data package shall as a minimum contain two entities: static and temporal obstacle.
4.3.2 Attributes of static obstacle
Static obstacle can be used for buildings, pylons, trees, etc. Table 3 summarizes minimum attributes of
static obstacle.
Table 3 — Attributes of static obstacle
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Height Information indicating the height of the entity’s maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Type of obstacle Information indicating the type of obstacle (e.g. building, tower, pole, antenna)
4.3.3 Attributes of temporal obstacle
Temporal obstacle can be used for short-term erections or for modifications to a static obstacle such as
scaffolding. Table 4 summarizes minimum attributes of temporal obstacle.
Table 4 — Attributes of temporal obstacle
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Height Information indicating the height of the entity’s maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Type of obstacle Information indicating the type of obstacle (e.g. scaffolding, construction
equipment)
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4.4 Virtual data package
4.4.1 Overview
Virtual data package shall contain data that are defined as “virtual objects that are intangible
representations (including computer simulated representations) of attributes of particular real-world
areas or objects”. Virtual data package shall as a minimum contain three entities: airspace, flight routes,
and CNS coverage.
4.4.2 Attributes of airspace
Table 5 summarizes attributes of airspace. Airspace may include geo-limitations using the elements of
conditions for operation and type of airspace.
Table 5 — Attributes of airspace
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Maximum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Minimum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's minimum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the centroid of the entity in terms of latitudes and
longitudes
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details (e.g. ad-
ministration’s name, address, telephone)
Conditions for operation Information indicating the conditions for operation (e.g. weather conditions,
aircraft performance, operation procedures), either generally applicable to
all operations, or limited to specific operations
Availability of UTM services Information indicating availability of UTM services (e.g. sharing of traffic
information between manned and unmanned aircraft), if any
Type of airspace Controlled airspace, uncontrolled airspace, authorized airspace, unauthorized
airspace, etc.
4.4.3 Attributes of flight route
Table 6 summarizes attributes of flight route. A flight route is an entity that consists of a sequence of
waypoints and tolerance from each waypoint, representing a group of coordinates in terms of latitudes,
longitudes and height for a flight of a UA, which may have a temporal element if necessary.
Table 6 — Attributes of flight route
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Sequence of waypoints Information indicating the sequence of elements the flight route entity entails,
along with a time element if necessary
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Table 6 (continued)
Attribute Description
Tolerance of waypoints Information indicating the tolerated deviation from the entity in terms of
distance from a given waypoint, based on the same ICAO principles that are
used in required navigation performance (RNP) as necessary.
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details (e.g. ad-
ministration’s name, address, telephone)
Conditions for operation Information indicating the conditions for operation (e.g. weather conditions,
aircraft performance, operation procedures), either generally applicable to
all operations, or limited to specific operations
Availability of UTM services Information indicating availability of UTM services (e.g. sharing of traffic
information between manned and unmanned aircraft), if any
Type of flight route Controlled flight route, uncontrolled flight route, etc.
4.4.4 Attributes of CNS coverage
CNS coverage is an entity that represents the coverage of individual units composing the CNS
infrastructure in the real world. Table 7 summarizes minimum attributes of CNS coverage.
Table 7 — Attributes of CNS coverage
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Maximum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's maximum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Minimum height Information indicating the altitude of the entity's minimum vertical extent
measured from a specified datum (specified in type of height)
Type of height e.g. height above ellipsoid, height above mean sea level
Shape Information indicating the shape type and boundaries data (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity
Location Information indicating the vertices or the centroid of the entity in terms of
latitudes and longitudes, where vertices are indicated for polylines, polygons,
and polynomial curves, and the centroid in case of circles
Type of CNS Information indicating the type of communication (e.g. cellular network,
radio), navigation (e.g. satellite navigation, radio navigation), surveillance
(ADS-B, transponder) and coverage data of the entity
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details (e.g. ad-
ministration’s name, address, telephone)
4.5 Dynamic data package
4.5.1 Overview
Dynamic data package shall as a minimum contain two sub-packages: object sub-package and
phenomena sub-package.
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4.5.2 Object sub-package
4.5.2.1 Overview
Object sub-package shall contain data that are defined as “objects with time-varying positions”. Object
sub-package contains two entities: manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft.
4.5.2.2 Attributes of manned aircraft
Manned aircraft is an entity that represents manned aircraft in the real world. Table 8 summarizes
minimum attributes of manned aircraft. Trajectory is split in to two descriptions: planned and updated.
Planned trajectory include the flight planned route and airspace (e.g. a group of coordinates of control
points for polygon or center point with radius) of the entity as specified in the flight plan submitted for
the entity, whereas updated trajectory include the entity’s updated and recorded route, airspace (e.g. a
group of coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius), and positions that consist
of the updated and recorded altitudes, speeds and coordinates in terms of latitudes and longitudes
of the entity, and the timestamp of the latest update. Planned trajectory and updated trajectory are
linked with individual manned aircraft, as opposed to flight route defined in 4.4.3, which can be fixed
independently of any specific manned aircraft. Considering that manned aircraft may not necessarily
fly along a fixed flight route, planned trajectory and updated trajectory do not need to correspond to
any flight route. The frequency of the update is outside the scope of this document.
Table 8 — Attributes of manned aircraft
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
Planned trajectory Information indicating the flight planned route and airspace (e.g. polygon,
polyline, or circle) of the entity as specified in the flight plan submitted for
the entity
Updated trajectory Information indicating the entity’s updated and recorded route, airspace
(e.g. a group of coordinates of control points for polygon or center point
with radius), and positions that consist of the updated and recorded speeds,
headings, and coordinates in terms of latitudes, longitudes and height of the
entity, and the time of the latest update
Administration contact details Information indicating the entity’s administration contact details (e.g. ad-
ministration’s name, address, telephone)
Model Information indicating the entity’s model (e.g. manufacturer’s name, product
name, version number)
4.5.2.3 Attributes of unmanned aircraft
Unmanned aircraft is an entity that represents unmanned aircraft in the real world. Table 9 summarizes
attribute of unmanned aircraft. Planned trajectory and updated trajectory are linked with individual
unmanned aircraft, as opposed to flight route defined in 4.4.3, which can be fixed independently of any
specific unmanned aircraft. Considering that unmanned aircraft may not necessarily fly along a fixed
flight route, planned trajectory and updated trajectory do not need to correspond to any flight route.
Table 9 — Attributes of unmanned aircraft
Attribute Description
Identifier Information for identifying the entity
Generate time Information indicating the time the entity was generated
Disappearance time Information indicating the time the entity will be disappeared, if projected
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Table 9 (continued)
Attribute Description
Planned trajectory Information indicating the flight planned route and airspace (e.g. a group of
coordinates of control points for polygon or center point with radius) of the
entity as specified in the flight plan submitted for the entity
Updated trajectory Information indicating the entity’s updated and recorded route, airspace
(e.g. a group of coordinates of control po
...
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