ISO 16232-2:2007
(Main)Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
ISO 16232-2:2007 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants from a component by the agitation method. It is preferably applied to components that are hollow and are suited to being agitated by an operator or by an appropriate mechanical device. This agitation method can be employed on its own or in association with other methods of extraction described in the ISO 16232 series. Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-2:2007 deals with particulate contamination only. It does not, therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide — Partie 2: Méthode d'extraction des contaminants par agitation
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16232-2
First edition
2007-06-01
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of
components of fluid circuits —
Part 2:
Method of extraction of contaminants by
agitation
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide —
Partie 2: Méthode d'extraction des contaminants par agitation
Reference number
ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Equipment . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Test liquid . 2
5.3 Test component container. 2
5.4 Pressure rinsing liquid dispenser. 2
5.5 Vacuum suction system. 2
5.6 Collection equipment . 2
5.7 Sampling containers. 3
5.8 Environmental conditions. 3
5.9 Health and safety . 3
6 Procedure . 3
6.1 Handling and storage . 3
6.2 Extraction procedure set-up and validation .3
6.3 Blank test. 6
6.4 Component routine test . 8
7 Analysis of the extraction liquid . 9
8 Presentation of results. 9
Annex A (informative) Synopsis of the extraction procedure set-up and validation . 10
Annex B (informative) Example of data sheet for the extraction procedure by the agitation method. 11
Annex C (informative) Synopsis of the routine test procedure. 14
Bibliography . 15
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16232-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine
tests.
ISO 16232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components
of fluid circuits:
⎯ Part 1: Vocabulary
⎯ Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
⎯ Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing
⎯ Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques
⎯ Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench
⎯ Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis
⎯ Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis
⎯ Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis
⎯ Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
⎯ Part 10: Expression of results
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
Introduction
The presence of particulate contamination in a fluid system is acknowledged to be a major factor governing
the life and reliability of that system. The presence of particles residual from the manufacturing and assembly
processes will cause a substantial increase in the wear rates of the system during the initial run-up and early
life, and may even cause catastrophic failures.
In order to achieve reliable performance of components and systems, control over the amount of particles
introduced during the build phase is necessary, and measurement of particulate contaminants is the basis of
control.
The ISO 16232 series has been drafted to fulfil the requirements of the automotive industry, since the function
and performance of modern automotive fluid components and systems are sensitive to the presence of a
single or a few critically sized particles. Consequently, ISO 16232 requires the analysis of the total volume of
extraction liquid and of all contaminants collected using an approved extraction method.
The ISO 16232 series has been based on existing ISO International Standards such as those developed by
ISO/TC 131/SC6. These International Standards have been extended, modified and new ones have been
developed to produce a comprehensive suite of International Standards to measure and report the cleanliness
levels of parts and components fitted to automotive fluid circuits.
This part of ISO 16232 defines procedures for the removal and collection of contaminants from components
using a moving test liquid (agitation) so that their cleanliness can be evaluated.
The cleanliness level of a component, as determined according to this method, depends to a large extent on
the test parameters (e.g. type of agitation, duration of agitation, choice of test liquid, etc). All parameters
should be included in the cleanliness specification and in the inspection document and should be rigorously
followed by the test staff.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits —
Part 2:
Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16232 describes the principles of extraction of contaminants from a component by the
agitation method. It is preferably applied to components that are hollow and are suited to being agitated by an
operator or by an appropriate mechanical device.
This agitation method can be employed on its own or in association with other methods of extraction
described in the ISO 16232 series.
Unless otherwise specified, this part of ISO 16232 deals with particulate contamination only. It does not,
therefore, cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gaseous materials. It covers the amount
and the nature of residual particles resulting from manufacturing processes and from the environment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16232-1, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 16232-3, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 3: Method of extraction of
contaminants by pressure rinsing
ISO 16232-4, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 4: Method of extraction of
contaminants by ultrasonic techniques
ISO 16232-5, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 5: Method of extraction of
contaminants on functional test bench
ISO 16232-6, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 6: Particle mass
determination by gravimetric analysis
ISO 16232-7, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 7: Particle sizing and
counting by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-8, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 8: Particle nature
determination by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-9, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 9: Particle sizing and
counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
ISO 16232-10:2007, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 10: Expression of
results
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16232-1 apply.
4 Principle
The contaminants are extracted by partially filling the component with a known volume of test liquid, sealing its
openings, and agitating it in order to extract the particles from the controlled surfaces and suspend them in the
extraction liquid for subsequent analysis.
5 Equipment
5.1 General
The equipment used shall neither alter nor modify the size distribution of the extracted particles.
5.2 Test liquid
The test liquid shall be compatible with all the materials in the component, with the liquid used in the final
system and with the test equipment, including seals, membrane filter and clean-up filter. A test liquid of low
2
viscosity (u 5 mm /s) and having the capability of removing (or dissolving) oil and grease is recommended. It
should be filtered to attain the requirements of 6.3.3.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS — In case a tested component will be reclaimed for final use, application of
incompatible test liquid may cause hazardous damage
5.3 Test component container
A closed container should be used for the transfer of the component from the place of sampling to the place of
particle extraction. This container shall be appropriate to the shape of the component and made of material
compatible with the test liquid. Its degree of cleanliness shall comply with the blank requirements specified in
6.3.3.
5.4 Pressure rinsing liquid dispenser
The pressure liquid dispenser is a device that provides a clean liquid at a pressure and flow rate capable, in
an effective manner, of rinsing residual contaminants from sampling equipment, collection containers, test
component and analysis apparatus.
NOTE This device can be same as the one used for providing the test liquid.
5.5 Vacuum suction system
If necessary, use an assembly consisting of a source of vacuum, a vacuum flask previously cleaned and a
flexible tube of suitable dimensions and shape for recovery of the extraction liquid and any particles that have
accumulated in the component under examination.
5.6 Collection equipment
The collection equipment shall allow effective draining of particles. A conical base is preferred.
It shall be cleaned to achieve the requirement of 6.3.3.
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
It is possible for contaminants remaining on the equipment to be transferred to the sample and thus be
erroneously included as part of the particles removed from the component. All collection equipment shall be
cleaned and covered before use in order to limit contamination from the environment.
5.7 Sampling containers
The sampling containers (glassware, etc.) required for transferring the extraction liquid from the collection
equipment to the analysis equipment shall be cleaned to achieve the requirements of 6.3.3.
5.8 Environmental conditions
The cleanliness of the environment where the extraction is performed shall be consistent with the presumed
cleanliness of the component to test. This requirement may result in the test being carried out in a laboratory
or controlled workplace. The suitability of the environment is validated when performing the blank test.
5.9 Health and safety
5.9.1 Local Health and Safety procedures shall be followed at all times, any equipment shall be operated in
accordance with the manufacturer's instruction and personal protection equipment used where appropriate.
5.9.2 Chemicals used in the procedures can be harmful, toxic or flammable. Good laboratory practices shall
be observed in the preparation and use of these chemicals. Care shall be taken to ensure compatibility of the
chemicals with the materials used (refer to each Material Safety Data Sheet [MSDS]). Follow the precautions
for safe handling and usage as described in the MSDS available from the supplier.
5.9.3 Volatile liquids: care shall be taken with flammable liquids to ensure that they are used in accordance
with the MSDS, at temperatures below the stated flash point and away from potential sources of ignition.
Appropriate precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of fumes from these solvents. Always use suitable
protective equipment.
5.9.4 Electrical: appropriate care should be applied in the use of electrical power.
5.9.5 Disposal: all liquids and substances shall be disposed of in accordance with local environmental
procedures. In the event of spillage it shall be cleaned-up in the manner detailed in the MSDS.
6 Procedure
6.1 Handling and storage
6.1.1 During handling and storage of test components, it shall be ensured that no contaminants are
deposited on or removed from controlled surfaces.
6.1.2 To prevent loss of particles during transport, it may be necessary to seal openings of the test
components, e.g. with suitable plugs.
6.2 Extraction procedure set up and validation
6.2.1 The number of components to be analysed shall be chosen so as to measure a significant amount of
contaminants that complies with the requirements for a blank (see 6.2.18, NOTE 3).
6.2.2 If the break-in of the component is part of its manufacturing process the extraction procedure should
be agreed between parties and included in the inspection document because break-in may alter its initial
cleanliness level.
6.2.3 If particles that are detached during transportation of the test component and/or particles from the
packaging are to be included in the cleanliness inspection, as agreed upon between parties, they shall be
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ISO 16232-2:2007(E)
collected using the appropriate extraction method (e.g. low pressure rinsing). This agreement shall be
included in the inspection document.
6.2.4 The effectiveness of the agitation method depends on the following, non-exhaustive list of
parameters: type of agitation, duration of agitation, choice of test liquid. A synopsis of the operations to
perform is given in Annex A. The detailed description of operating conditions and equipment used in
application of this standard to fill, agitate and empty the component constitutes the extraction procedure. This
procedure shall be established for each component and reported (for an example of an extraction procedure
data sheet see Annex B).
6.2.5 If needed for reporting results and if not specified, determine the controlled volume and/or controlled
surface area of the component under examination (see Annex B of ISO 16232-10:2007). Report and/or
specify their values in the inspection docume
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