ISO/TR 16786:2015
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — The use of simulation models for evaluation of traffic management systems — Input parameters and reporting template for simulation of traffic signal control systems
Intelligent transport systems — The use of simulation models for evaluation of traffic management systems — Input parameters and reporting template for simulation of traffic signal control systems
ISO/TR 16786:2015 provides guidelines for disclosing simulation conditions and results when evaluating the performance of signal control methods, focusing on algorithm that establishes signal timings based on traffic conditions. The following are the main aims of the evaluation of signal control systems: a) to evaluate the quality of the algorithm in various traffic conditions; b) to evaluate the validity of the algorithm for specific applications (types of intersection); c) to establish a fair comparison of the algorithm versus other existing algorithms or other types of control systems; d) to evaluate the results of the implementation of a signal control system objectively. When claiming and/or comparing the performance of signal control systems from simulation results, it is necessary to clarify simulation conditions and results so that third parties can objectively judge its fairness and reasonability. ISO/TR 16786:2 describes minimum necessary items of conditions that shall be disclosed to ensure fair evaluation and does not describe maximum possible items.
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Utilisation de modèles de simulation pour l'évaluation des systèmes de management du trafic routier — Paramètres d'entrée et modèle de rapport pour la simulation des systèmes de contrôle des signaux du trafic routier
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 16786
First edition
2015-08-15
Intelligent transport systems —
The use of simulation models for
evaluation of traffic management
systems — Input parameters and
reporting template for simulation of
traffic signal control systems
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Utilisation de modèles de
simulation pour l’évaluation des systèmes de management du
trafic routier — Paramètres d’entrée et modèle de rapport pour la
simulation des systèmes de contrôle des signaux du trafic routier
Reference number
ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
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© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Categories of targeted signal control method . 2
4 Signal control for isolated intersection . 3
4.1 Simulation condition . 3
4.1.1 Simulator . 3
4.1.2 Road network . 3
4.1.3 Vehicle detector . 3
4.1.4 Traffic conditions and simulation time . 4
4.1.5 Signal control . 4
4.1.6 Simulation system configuration . 5
4.2 Methods of presenting simulation results. 5
4.2.1 Signal control parameter . 5
4.2.2 Evaluation index . 6
4.2.3 Target for comparison . 7
5 Area traffic control . 7
5.1 Simulation conditions . 7
5.1.1 Simulator . 7
5.1.2 Road network . 7
5.1.3 Vehicle detector . 7
5.1.4 Traffic condition . 8
5.1.5 Signal control . 8
5.1.6 Simulation system configuration . 8
5.2 Methods of presentation of simulation results . 8
5.2.1 Signal control parameters . 8
5.2.2 Evaluation Index. 8
Annex A (informative) Example of simulation conditions for evaluation of signal control
systems performance (in case of area traffic control) . 9
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
Introduction
Many kinds of signal control systems are used in the world. Some systems are based on simple time-
of-day control while some systems are operated in real time, adaptively controlled in accordance with
changing traffic conditions.
When adopting a new signal control system in the field, simulations are often used to evaluate its
effect. However, although traffic conditions vary considerably in each country and area, simulations
can be operated only with some limited conditions. Some control systems and algorithm achieve good
performance only in specific conditions, and sometimes simulations are operated assuming virtual
road networks for studying a new algorithm.
By disclosing simulation conditions, it becomes possible to learn whether the signal control systems
are applicable to many conditions or good in particular conditions, and whether the conditions are
practical or the simulation is for theoretic quality assessment. Thus, this Technical Report aims to
provide guidelines for disclosing simulation conditions and results in order to evaluate and compare
various signal control systems.
For a fair evaluation of signal control systems from simulation results, this Technical Report describes
minimum necessary items of conditions of simulation that shall be disclosed. The items of simulation
results cannot be regulated because various kinds of results are created depending on simulators, so
this Technical Report shows some examples of simulation results.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
Intelligent transport systems — The use of simulation
models for evaluation of traffic management systems —
Input parameters and reporting template for simulation of
traffic signal control systems
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides guidelines for disclosing simulation conditions and results when evaluating
the performance of signal control methods, focusing on algorithm that establishes signal timings based on
traffic conditions. The following are the main aims of the evaluation of signal control systems:
a) to evaluate the quality of the algorithm in various traffic conditions;
b) to evaluate the validity of the algorithm for specific applications (types of intersection);
c) to establish a fair comparison of the algorithm versus other existing algorithms or other types of
control systems;
d) to evaluate the results of the implementation of a signal control system objectively.
When claiming and/or comparing the performance of signal control systems from simulation results,
it is necessary to clarify simulation conditions and results so that third parties can objectively judge its
fairness and reasonability.
This Technical Report describes minimum necessary items of conditions that shall be disclosed to
ensure fair evaluation and does not describe maximum possible items.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
additional lane
added lane which is branched from another lane (2.6)
2.2
clearance time
time between signal phases during which an intersection is not used by any traffic
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in seconds.
2.3
cycle
complete sequence of signal indications
2.4
cycle length
time required for a complete sequence of signal indications
2.5
detection area
area where a vehicle detector can count and/or determine the presence of a vehicle
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
2.6
lane
marked part of a road that is wide enough to accommodate one vehicle
2.7
link
union of separated two points on the road, tied by single or plural lanes (2.6)
2.8
lost lane
lane (2.6) which is merged into another lane (2.6)
2.9
occupancy
percent of time that a detector indicates a vehicle is present over a total time period
2.10
phase
signal controller timing unit associated with the control of one or more movements
2.11
saturation flow rate
equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles can traverse an intersection approach, assuming a constant
green indication at all time and no loss time
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in vehicles per hour or vehicles per hour per lane.
2.12
split
time assigned to a phase (2.12) during coordinated operations
Note 1 to entry: It may be expressed in seconds or percent.
2.13
time-of-day control
signal timing plans associated to specific hours of the day associated with fluctuations in demand
2.14
vehicle detector
device used to count and/or determine the presence of a vehicle
3 Categories of targeted signal control method
In this Technical Report, the simulation conditions shall be classified in the following categories
according to the main purpose of the targeted signal control method:
a) signal control for isolated intersection;
b) area traffic control.
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
4 Signal control for isolated intersection
4.1 Simulation condition
4.1.1 Simulator
By disclosing simulator being used, it becomes possible to indicate whether the simulator is suitable for
evaluating the functions of targeted signal control and to guarantee reproducibility of the evaluation.
For this purpose, the following items about simulator information shall be disclosed:
a) manufacturer of the simulator;
b) product name;
c) version.
It is important to calibrate simulation models to validate the simulation results. An example of the
criteria for the calibration can be found in “Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume III: Guidelines for Applying
Traffic Microsimulation Modeling Software” by The Federal Highway Administration. The validation of
simulation models are out of scope of this Technical Report, but simulation models should be disclosed.
4.1.2 Road network
The following items shall be disclosed as road network conditions under simulating:
a) number of links;
b) number of lanes (and number of additional lanes and lost lanes, if it exists);
c) length of links (in meters);
d) direction of each link (should be illustrated with arrows in figures);
e) geometry of links (how each link is connected to other links and intersections).
If each link can be used by particular vehicles (e.g. dedicated buses, bicycles), then the vehicle types
shall be disclosed.
4.1.3 Vehicle detector
Generally, signal control systems are thought to achieve better performance as more detectors are
installed, but the cost of installing detectors increases with the numbers of detectors. Moreover, there
are some areas in the field where detectors are difficult to install. Thus, by disclosing the detector
conditions, it becomes possible to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the targeted system and to let third
parties know whether the conditions are practical or if the simulation is for theoretic quality assessment.
For this purpose, the following items shall be disclosed for detector conditions under simulating:
a) location of vehicle detector (can be shown as Figure A.1);
b) detection area (e.g. square measure, shape);
c) items collected with vehicle detectors for signal control (e.g. traffic volume, occupancy);
d) lane usage for vehicle detector (e.g. right turn only, right turn plus through);
e) when using information collection methods other than a detector (e.g. probe data), then their
outline and collection items;
f) when using information collection methods that are not feasible to use in the field, then their
outline and collection items.
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ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)
4.1.4 Traffic conditions and simulatio
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