ISO 7766:2003
(Main)Processing photographic wastes — Analysis of cyanides — Determination of hexacyanoferrate (II) and hexacyanoferrate (III) by spectrometry
Processing photographic wastes — Analysis of cyanides — Determination of hexacyanoferrate (II) and hexacyanoferrate (III) by spectrometry
ISO 7766:2003 establishes a test method for the determination of hexacyanoferrate(II) (ferrocyanide) and hexacyanoferrate(III) (ferricyanide), referred to hereafter as Fe(CN)6, in photographic processing effluents. Results are reported as hexacyanoferrate, Fe(CN)6.
Effluents de traitement photographique — Analyse des cyanures — Détermination de l'hexacyanoferrate (II) et de l'hexacyanoferrate (III) par spectrométrie
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7766
First edition
2003-06-15
Processing photographic wastes —
Analysis of cyanides — Determination of
hexacyanoferrate(ll) and
hexacyanoferrate(lll) by spectrometry
Effluents de traitement photographiques — Analyse des cyanures —
Détermination de l'hexacyanoferrate(ll) et de l'hexacyanoferrate(lll) par
spectrométrie
Reference number
©
ISO 2003
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Safety and operational precautions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reactions . 3
6 Reagents and materials. 3
7 Apparatus. 4
8 Sampling and sample preparation . 4
9 Procedure. 5
10 Expression of results. 6
11 Test report. 6
Bibliography . 7
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
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International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
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International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7766 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard is devoted to the analysis of photographic wastes; it encompasses the analysis of
complexed iron cyanides (hexacyanoferrates) in photographic effluents.
Some of the chemicals specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic, or otherwise hazardous. Specific
warning, caution and danger notices are noted but, in addition, the normal precautions required during the
performance of any chemical procedure should be exercised at all times.
In the case of effluents, the photographic laboratory can best establish conformity to regulations by
appropriate chemical analysis. In some cases, in-house analyses will be possible; but the use of an outside
laboratory will often be required.
Complexed cyanides are used in the bleaching stage of colour photographic processing and it is, therefore,
possible for the cyanide portion of the resulting photographic effluent to reach a reportable level. Complexed
cyanides contribute to the total cyanides in those tests in which the sample preparation breaks down the
complexed cyanides. It is the purpose of this International Standard to provide a method giving an
independent determination of the cyanide present as hexacyanoferrate complexes. Due to the chemical
behaviour of cyanide complexes, it is not possible to specify a single method for the quantitative determination
of complexed cyanides in these effluents.
The analysis of cyanide is covered in various aspects in the following International Standards:
ISO 6703-1:1984, Water quality — Determination of cyanide — Part 1: Determination of total cyanide;
ISO 6703-2:1984, Water quality — Determination of cyanide — Part 2: Determination of easily liberatable
cyanide.
NOTE 1 Easily liberatable cyanides are defined as substances with cyanide groups and a measurable hydrocyanic
acid vapour pressure at pH 4 and room temperature.
NOTE 2 Cyanide diffuses as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at room temperature from a solution at pH 6; the procedure
determines cyanide from simple compounds of cyanide and easily dissociated complexes.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7766:2003(E)
Processing photographic wastes — Analysis of cyanides —
Determination of hexacyanoferrate(ll) and hexacyanoferrate(lll)
by spectrometry
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes a test method for the determination of hexacyanoferrate(II)
(ferrocyanide) and hexacyanoferrate(III) (ferricyanide), referred to hereafter as Fe(CN) , in photographic
1)
processing effluents . Results are reported as hexacyanoferrate, Fe(CN) .
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-1:1980, Water quality — Sampling — Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes
ISO 5667-2:1991, Water quality — Sampling — Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques
ISO 5667-3:1994, Water quality — Sampling — Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples
ISO 6353-1:1982, Reagents for chemical analysis — Part 1: General test methods
ISO 6353-2:1983, Reagents for chemical analysis — Part 2: Specifications — First series
ISO 6353-3:1987, Reagents for chemical analysis — Part 3: Specifications — Second series
ISO 10349-1:2002, Photography — Photographic-grade chemicals — Test methods — Part 1: General
3 Safety and operational precautions
3.1 Hazard warnings
Some of the chemicals specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic, or otherwise hazardous. Safe
laboratory practice for the handling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles and, in some
cases, other protective apparel such as rubber gloves, face masks and aprons. Specific danger notices are
given in the text for particularly dangerous materials, but normal precautions are required during the
performance of any chemical procedure at all times.
1) Significant levels of thiosulfate (hypo) can result in interference. Significant levels of thiosulfate in processing-machine
effluents result in oxidation of the thiosulfate by iron (III). Sulfur will form, increasing the spectrophotometric absorbance
which is measured. Also, thiosulfate may deplete the added iron (III) leaving nothing for the colour reaction. The method is
applicable to effluents from buildings where the thiosulfate would be diluted by the rest of the building wastes and this
would eliminate the interference.
The first time that a hazardous material is noted in the test procedures, the hazard will be indicated by the
word “DANGER” followed by a symbol consisting of angle brackets “〈 〉” containing a letter that designates the
specific hazard. A double bracket “〈〈 〉〉” will be used for particularly perilous situations. In subsequent
statements involving handling of these hazardous materials, only the hazard symbol consisting of the brackets
and letter(s) will be displayed. Furthermore, for a given material, the hazard symbol will be used only once in a
single paragraph.
Hazard warning symbols will not be used for common organic solvents when used in quantities of less than 1 l,
unless they are particularly hazardous.
Detailed warnings for handling chemicals and their diluted solutions are beyond the scope of this International
Standard.
Employers shall provide training and health and safety information in accordance with legal
requirements.
The hazard code system used in this International Standard is intended to provide information to the users
and is not meant for compliance with any legal requirements
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