ISO 16762:2016

Graphic technology — Post-press — General requirements for transfer, handling and storage

ISO 16762:2016 specifies the requirements for the handling, storage and transfer of printed products between printing and post-press. It also identifies information that may be necessary for successful completion of post-press operations (job ticket). In addition, the handling of materials used within the post-press operation is specified.

Technologie graphique — Post-presse — Exigences générales pour le transfert. la manipulation et le stockage

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Nov-2016
• ICS: 37.100.01 - Graphic technology in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 130 - Graphic technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 130/WG 12 - Postpress
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 14-Mar-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16762
First edition
2016-11-15
Graphic technology — Post-press —
General requirements for transfer,
handling and storage
Technologie graphique — Post-presse — Exigences générales pour le
transfert. la manipulation et le stockage
Reference number
ISO 16762:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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ISO 16762:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ISO 16762:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Tolerances . 3
4.2 Job information requirements (job ticket) . 3
4.3 Incoming goods inspection . 4
4.3.1 General. 4
4.3.2 Presentation . 4
4.3.3 Package identification . 4
4.3.4 Storage and handling . 4
4.3.5 Temperature and humidity adaption . 4
4.3.6 Size and squareness tolerance (sheets) . 4
4.4 Intermediate product requirements . 5
4.4.1 Presentation . 5
4.4.2 Grain direction . 5
4.4.3 Size and squareness tolerance . 6
4.4.4 Marks . 6
4.4.5 Registration . 7
4.4.6 Layout . 8
4.5 Processing requirements . 8
4.5.1 Temperature and humidity adaptation . 8
4.5.2 Processing information . 8
4.5.3 Identification on the product . 9
4.5.4 Envelope or foil enclosing . 9
4.5.5 Static electricity . 9
4.5.6 Allowances . 9
4.5.7 Quality control . 9
5 Operating and testing environments .10
5.1 Temperature and humidity .10
5.1.1 General.10
5.1.2 Device .10
5.1.3 Laboratory test environment .10
5.1.4 Customer-specified environment .10
5.1.5 General controlled workshop/factory condition .10
5.1.6 Ambient condition .10
5.2 Air disruption .11
5.3 Illumination .11
5.4 Cleanness .11
6 Inspection and measurement requirements .11
6.1 Check and inspection frequency .11
6.1.1 Items to be checked .11
6.1.2 Inspection frequency.11
6.2 Measurement .11
6.2.1 General.11
6.2.2 Temperature and humidity .11
6.2.3 Records .12
7 Packing, storage and transportation requirements .12
7.1 Packing .12
7.1.1 Packing of intermediate products .12
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ISO 16762:2016(E)

7.1.2 Packing of final products .13
7.2 Storage .13
7.3 Transportation .13
Annex A (informative) Arrangement of control elements and printing finishing information .14
Annex B (informative) Sampling inspection .16
Bibliography .17
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ISO 16762:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
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ISO 16762:2016(E)

Introduction
In order to manufacture printed products of good quality, prepress, print and post-press departments
need to cooperate effectively. Different consecutive post-press operations need to be arranged
accordingly. This document describes general operations to ensure quality of raw materials,
intermediate and final products.
Included in this document are the common requirements for various post-press processes. Rather
than repeating these requirements within each post-press standard, this document acts as a common
reference for all aspects involving paper-based products. There are other standards that describe
requirements that are specific to a particular process — such as book binding (ISO 16763). This
document is not intended to be exclusive and the process-specific requirements shall also be followed
in order to achieve complete quality control. This document can be used independently and can also be
used in conjunction with other associated standards.
The areas that this document covers are
— process requirements:
a) job information requirements,
b) incoming goods inspection,
c) intermediate product requirements, and
d) processing requirements,
— operating and testing environments,
— inspection and measurement requirements, and
— packing, storage and transportation requirements.
The post-press processes to which this document is applicable include
— laminating and varnishing,
— cutting (both sheet and web),
— creasing and folding (both sheet and web),
— gathering and collating,
— binding,
— trimming,
— hot foil stamping,
— die cutting,
— gluing,
— inserting, and
— perforating.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16762:2016(E)
Graphic technology — Post-press — General requirements
for transfer, handling and storage
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the handling, storage and transfer of printed products
between printing and post-press. It also identifies information that may be necessary for successful
completion of post-press operations (job ticket). In addition, the handling of materials used within the
post-press operation is specified.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for
monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by
acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot–by-lot inspection
ISO 8995-1, Lighting of work places — Part1: Indoor
ISO 10012, Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement process and measuring
equipment
ISO 12647-2, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations,
proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
acceptance quality limit
AQL
quality level that is the worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of lots is submitted for
acceptance sampling
[SOURCE: ISO 2859-1:1999, 3.1.26]
3.2
bottling
angle-wise repositioning of pages to compensate for substrate thickness influences during multiple
folding
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3.3
carboning
transfer of ink from a printed to an unprinted area by pressure or micro-friction
3.4
collating marks
symbols printed on the folded edges of signatures as a means of indicating the correct collating or
gathering sequence
3.5
folding marks
symbols printed on the margins of a page to guide the folding process
3.6
front to back register
accuracy of the printed components of each page relative to each other from the front and the back
3.7
gutter
space between two adjacent pages or blocks of pages that when folded will either be trimmed off or
form the part of the page that connects to the spine
3.8
hickie
small mark that is caused by dust or debris on the printing blanket resulting in a breakup of the
printed image
Note 1 to entry: The removal of such debris is achieved by blanket washing or “hickie picking” with a special tool.
3.9
imposition
positioning of pages on a press sheet in such a manner that, when the sheet is folded into a signature
and cut, the pages will be in the correct sequence
3.10
intermediate products
unfinished printed products to be processed in subsequent process(es)
3.11
lead edge
edge that forms the reference point for all processes
Note 1 to entry: Also known as leading edge or side lay (3.17).
3.12
log
method of bundling printed signatures in such a way that they can be stored and loaded in large
quantities onto a specific machine
3.13
materials in process
products or materials that have had processes applied to them but are still awaiting further additional
processes to be applied — for example packing, varnishing
3.14
raw materials
materials that are to be used as part of the post-press operation — for example adhesives, wire and thread.
3.15
set off
unwanted transfer of ink from one printed sheet to another
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3.16
shingling
horizontal and/or vertical repositioning of pages to compensate substrate thickness influences during
multiple folding
Note 1 to entry: This is also called “creep compensation”.
3.17
side lay
mark that indicates the reference edge of a sheet that printing and finishing equipment uses to enable
consistent registration of the product
3.18
smudging
mark with no particular shape that is caused by accidental transfer of ink or dirt
3.19
squareness tolerance
allowable difference in length between the two diagonals of a rectangle and between the lengths of
opposite edges
3.20
version mark
mark or barcode printed on the spine or margin of a book signature or at the glue flap of a box to indicate
different versions of books or boxes
3.21
waviness
effect of paper or other materials curving alternately in opposite directions to make a wave-shaped form
4 Requirements
4.1 Tolerances
If several successive processes are requesting target values with tolerances, the product tolerances are
as large as the sum of the tolerances of the individual processes.
The minimum acceptance level for each intermediate product is 95 % of the sample.
4.2 Job information requirements (job ticket)
Individual requirements and limitations of post-press companies shall be communicated to the printer
and/or the prepress services and/or the customer and/or the designer.
The minimum information required for post-press is
— job title,
— job reference,
— size,
— quantity,
— delivery date,
— production details,
— packing and delivery requirements,
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— any other information deemed necessary to enable the operator to complete the processes, such as
specific customer requirements, agreed specific quality, and environmental requirements,
— process-specific requirements, such as intended folding scheme, batching information and features
that enable signature identification, and
— additional parameters agreed on by the parties involved that are necessary for product conformance.
This information should be physical or electronic but shall be easily available to all operators.
4.3 Incoming goods inspection
4.3.1 General
All incoming packing units shall be free of damage that affects the quality and/or the processability
of the goods. Incoming intermediate products and raw materials may show visual defects and or
defects affecting their subsequent processability. They shall therefore be inspected with respect to
obvious defects. These include surface modifications (smudging, carboning, scratches, abrasion, set
off, etc.), non-flatness (waviness, curling, etc.) and damage (wrinkles, holes, etc.). Prior to processing
of such damaged intermediate products, the supplier or the customer shall be informed in order to
decide on further steps. This communication shall be undertaken if obvious damage is detected during
or after the post-press operation or if there are difficulties encountered with the actual operation. All
communication shall be documented in the job information.
4.3.2 Presentation
Raw materials should be presented in a way to avoid unnecessary preparative operations. Materials
intended for automated feeding shall all be of the same size and aligned squarely and parallel to each
other on the leading edge. Specific requirements for automated feeding should be communicated prior
to production.
4.3.3 Package identification
The presentation of raw materials should be clearly identified with the relevant specification and
batch numbers on the package label. This should include the quantity or weight information where
appropriate. Where products or raw materials have a specific shelf life, the date of manufacture and
expiry of the shelf life shall be clearly marked on the packaging.
The wrapping shall be free from any significant damage.
4.3.4 Storage and handling
Materials that are used in post-press environments shall be appropriately stored to prevent damage
and contamination. The materials shall be used within the period of specified shelf life.
4.3.5 Temperature and humidity adaption
Raw materials should be left in an environment of similar temperature and humidity to the rest of
the production procedure until temperature equilibrium has been reached. Hygroscopic materials
like paper shall be temperature equilibrated and climate stable wrappings should only be removed if
the relative humidity of the environment is within ±10 % of that of the paper. Deviations from this
requirement shall be communicated to the supplier and/or customer.
4.3.6 Size and squareness tolerance (sheets)
The materials that are presented in piles of sheets shall be square and of the correct size as marked on
the packaging. If any problem reasonably related to dimensional deviations occurs or in case of doubt,
the dimensions of a cut pile shall be determined by taking the measurement of a number of samples
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according to ISO 186. The size and squareness of the sheet shall be determined by measuring the height
(H1 and H2) and width (W1 and W2) lines for size and the diagonal lines (X and Y) as shown in Figure 1,
where the squareness tolerance is the value of X – Y.
Figure 1 — Measurement of edges and diagonal lines for squareness
The size and squareness tolerance shall be in accordance with the requirements of the process and/or
end-product quality.
4.4 Intermediate product requirements
4.4.1 Presentation
All materials used to produce intermediate products intended to be further processed by post-press
operations shall conform to the process requirements of the post-press operations used and conform
to the environmental requirements applicable. The ink on all printed matter shall be dried or cured
sufficiently to prevent disruption to the product being processed, e.g. marking.
Where there is more than one job on the substrate (also variable information and/or versions), clear
identification of the job details should be included on the printed piece. The location of this information
should be such that, after job separation, this information is easily visible. When it is not possible to
put the identification information on the printed product, the job information shall contain identifying
information such as a thumbnail image or principal distinguishing characteristic.
4.4.2 Grain direction
The grain direction of the substrate should be parallel to the spine of a book.
The grain direction shall be marked on the job information if it is not parallel to the spine.
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4.4.3 Size and squareness tolerance
4.4.3.1 Piles of sheets for folding
Sheets to be folded and other products, for example, sections, inserts and folded products, should be
delivered in such a way as to minimize avoidable preparatory cutting procedures. It is recommended
that sheets for folding should be test-folded to the folding schema to evaluate the imposition layout
(pagination and printed marks) and obvious paper dimension differences. Based on this evaluation, any
necessary steps (e.g. rejection or additional cutting) shall be initiated.
A first master edge (usually identifiable by the printed register mark) shall be defined, either parallel
or perpendicular to the printed content, and a second master edge shall be defined; the angle between
them shall be 90° ± 0, 2°.
If any problem reasonably related to dimensional deviations occurs or in case of doubt, the dimensions
of a cut pile shall be determined by taking the measurement of a number of samples according to ISO 186.
The squareness of the sheet shall be determined by measuring both the horizontal and vertical edges
(W1, W2, H1, H2) and the diagonal lines (X, Y) as shown in Figure 1, where the squareness tolerance is
given by the values of W1 – W2, H1 – H2 and X – Y. The squareness tolerances for different numbers of
folds are given in Tables 1 and 2.
NOTE These figures are only to be applied in the absence of a figure agreed with the client.
Table 1 — Squareness tolerances (H1 – H2 W1 – W2, X – Y) for different numbers of folds when
,
using paper 175 gsm and below
End format 1 to 2 folds 3 to 5 folds 6 or more folds
mm mm mm
A3 and above ±2,0 ±1,5 ±1,0
All sizes between A3 and ±1,5 ±1,5 ±1,0
A5
Below A5 ±1,0 ±1,0 ±0,5
Table 2 — Squareness tolerances (H1 – H2 W1 – W2, X – Y) for different numbers of folds when
,
using board above 175 gsm
1 to 2 folds 3 to 5 folds
End format
mm mm
A4 and above ±2,0 ±1,5
Below A4 ±1,5 ±1,0
A measuring device with the appropriate precision shall be used for measurement.
4.4.4 Marks
4.4.4.1 General
All of the necessary marks, including version marks, colour control bars, folding marks, collating marks,
trim marks, bleeding area and alignment marks, shall be clearly printed and visible on the printed sheets.
NOTE Arrangement of typical control elements and print finishing information of a printed sheet are shown
in Annex A.
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ISO 16762:2016(E)

4.4.4.2 Trim and folding marks
When required, trim and folding marks shall be clearly visible and at least 2 mm in length. Where trim
and folding marks are not required, the lead edge, product size and all necessary trimming and folding
details shall be documented in the job information.
4.4.4.3 Bleed
Where an image or printed element continues beyond a trimmed edge, this element should continue for
at least 3 mm beyond the trim edge to allow for tolerances of the trimming device.
4.4.4.4 Cutter guides
Cutter guides shall not be printed. Where an image or printed element continues beyond a die-c
...