ISO 6182-1:2004

Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems — Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers

ISO 6182-1:2004 specifies performance and marking requirements and test methods for conventional, spray, flat spray and sidewall sprinklers. It is not applicable to sprinklers having multiple orifices.

Protection contre l'incendie — Systèmes d'extinction automatiques du type sprinkler — Partie 1: Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai des sprinklers

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 19-Jan-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 19-Jan-2004
• ICS: 13.220.20 - Fire protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 5 - Fixed firefighting systems using water
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 5 - Fixed firefighting systems using water
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 06-Jan-2014

Relations

• Revised: ISO 6182-1:2014 - Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems — Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers
• Effective Date: 08-May-2010
• Revises: ISO 6182-1:1993 - Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems — Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revised: SIST ISO 6182-1:1995 - Fire protection -- Automatic sprinkler systems -- Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6182-1
Second edition
2004-02-01

Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler
systems —
Part 1:
Requirements and test methods for
sprinklers
Protection contre l'incendie — Systèmes d'extinction automatiques
du type sprinkler —
Partie 1: Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai des sprinklers




Reference number
ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
3.1 General. 1
3.2 Types of sprinkler according to type of heat-responsive element . 2
3.3 Types of sprinkler according to type of water distribution . 3
3.4 Types of sprinkler according to position . 3
3.5 Special types of sprinkler. 3
3.6 Types of sprinkler according to sprinkler sensitivity . 4
4 Product consistency. 5
4.1 Quality control programme. 5
4.2 Leak resistance testing . 5
5 Product assembly . 6
6 Requirements . 6
6.1 Dimensions. 6
6.2 Nominal operating temperature (see 7.7.1) . 6
6.3 Operating temperature (see 7.7.1) . 7
6.4 Water flow and distribution. 8
6.5 Function (see 7.6). 8
6.6 Service load and strength of sprinkler body (see 7.4) . 8
6.7 Strength of heat-responsive element (see 7.10) . 9
6.8 Leak resistance and hydrostatic strength (see 7.5) . 10
6.9 Heat exposure (see 7.8) . 10
6.10 Thermal shock (see 7.9). 10
6.11 Corrosion . 10
6.12 Coated sprinklers (see 7.8.3) . 11
6.13 Water hammer (see 7.16). 11
6.14 Dynamic heating (see 7.7.2) . 11
6.15 Resistance to heat (see 7.15) . 12
6.16 Resistance to vibration (see 7.17) . 12
6.17 Resistance to impact (see 7.18). 12
6.18 Crib fire performance (see 7.19) . 12
6.19 Lateral discharge (see 7.20) . 12
6.20 Thirty-day leakage resistance (see 7.21) . 12
6.21 Vacuum resistance (see 7.22) . 13
6.22 Water shield angle of protection (see 7.23). 13
6.23 Water shield rotation (see 7.24) . 13
6.24 Thermal response of concealed, flush and recessed sprinklers (see 7.25). 13
6.25 Operational cycling of on/off sprinklers (see 7.26). 14
6.26 Piled stock fire test for on/off sprinklers (see 7.27). 15
6.27 High temperature exposure for on/off sprinklers (see 7.28). 15
6.28 Resistance to low temperatures (see 7.29). 15
7 Test methods. 15
7.1 General. 15
7.2 Preliminary examination. 15
7.3 Visual examination. 16
7.4 Service load and body strength test (see 6.6). 18
7.5 Leak resistance and hydrostatic strength test (see 6.8) . 18
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
7.6 Functional test (see 6.5.1).18
7.7 Operating temperature test (see 6.3).20
7.8 Heat exposure test (see 6.9) .26
7.9 Thermal shock test for glass bulb sprinklers (see 6.10) .27
7.10 Strength test for release elements (see 6.7) .27
7.11 Water flow test (see 6.4.1).27
7.12 Water distribution tests (see 6.4.2).28
7.13 Corrosion tests (see 6.11).37
7.14 Tests for sprinkler coatings .39
7.15 Heat-resistance test (see 6.15) .39
7.16 Water-hammer test (see 6.13).39
7.17 Vibration test (see 6.16) .39
7.18 Impact test (see 6.17) .40
7.19 Crib fire test (see 6.18) .42
7.20 Lateral discharge test (see 6.19).46
7.21 Thirty-day leakage test (see 6.20) .46
7.22 Vacuum test (see 6.21).46
7.23 Water shield angle of protection (see 6.22) .46
7.24 Water shield rotation test (see 6.23).46
7.25 Thermal response test for concealed, flush and recessed sprinklers (see 6.24) .47
7.26 Operational cycling of an on/off sprinkler (see 6.25).51
7.27 Piled-stock fire test for on/off sprinklers (see 6.5.3 and 6.26) .52
7.28 High temperature exposure for on/off sprinklers (see 6.27) .55
7.29 Freezer test (see 6.28) .55
8 Marking.55
8.1 Sprinklers .55
8.2 Sprinkler housings and concealed sprinkler cover plates .56
Annex A (informative) Analysis of the strength test for release elements .57
Annex B (informative) Tolerance limit calculations method .58
Annex C (informative) Sprinkler response — Sample calculations.61
Annex D (normative) Tolerances.63
Annex E (informative) Thermal response — Sample calculations .64

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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 6182-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 5, Fixed firefighting systems using water.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6182-1:1993), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 6182 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems:
 Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers
 Part 2: Requirements and test methods for wet alarm valves, retard chambers and water motor alarms
 Part 3: Requirements and test methods for dry pipe valves
 Part 4: Requirements and test methods for quick-opening devices
 Part 5: Requirements and test methods for deluge valves
 Part 7: Requirements and test methods for early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinklers
 Part 9: Requirements and test methods for water mist nozzles
 Part 10: Requirements and test methods for domestic sprinklers
 Part 11: Requirements and test methods for pipe hangers

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6182-1:2004(E)

Fire protection — Automatic sprinkler systems —
Part 1:
Requirements and test methods for sprinklers
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6182 specifies performance and marking requirements and test methods for conventional,
spray, flat spray and sidewall sprinklers. It is not applicable to sprinklers having multiple orifices.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7-1:1982, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions,
tolerances and designation
ISO 49, Malleable cast iron fittings threaded to ISO 7-1
ISO 65, Carbon steel tubes suitable for screwing in accordance with ISO 7-1
PPP-B-640D:1969, Federal Specification for Boxes, Fiberboard, Corrugated, Triple-wall
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
sprinkler
thermosensitive device designed to react at a predetermined temperature by automatically releasing a stream
of water and distributing it in a specified pattern and quantity over a designated area
3.1.2
conductivity factor
C
measure of the conductance between the sprinkler's heat-responsive element and the fitting
0,5
NOTE The conductivity factor is expressed in units of (m/s) .
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
3.1.3
response time index
RTI
measure of sprinkler sensitivity
RTI = t u
where
t is equal to the time constant, expressed in seconds, of the heat-responsive element;
u is the gas velocity, expressed in metres per second
0,5
NOTE 1 The response time index is expressed in units of (m◊s) .
NOTE 2 RTI can be used in combination with the conductivity factor (C) to predict the response of a sprinkler in fire
environments defined in terms of gas temperature and velocity versus time.
3.1.4
standard orientation
orientation that produces the shortest response time with the axis of the sprinkler inlet perpendicular to the air
flow
NOTE In the case of symmetrical heat-responsive elements, standard orientation is with the air flow perpendicular to
both the axis of the waterway and the plane of the frame arms; in the case of non-symmetrical heat-responsive elements,
it is with the air flow perpendicular to both the waterway axis and the plane of the frame arms which produces the shortest
response time.
3.1.5
worst-case orientation
〈response〉 orientation that produces the longest response time with the axis of the sprinkler inlet
perpendicular to the air flow
3.1.6
assembly load
force exerted on the sprinkler body at 0 MPa (0 bar) hydraulic pressure at the inlet
3.1.7
design load
force exerted on the release element at the service load of the sprinkler
3.1.8
service load
combined force exerted on the sprinkler body by the assembly load of the sprinkler and the equivalent force of
a 1,2 MPa (12 bar) hydraulic pressure of the inlet
3.1.9
average design strength
〈〈〈〈axial〉〉〉〉 glass bulb supplier's specified and assured lowest average design strength of any batch of 50 bulbs
3.2 Types of sprinkler according to type of heat-responsive element
3.2.1
fusible element sprinkler
sprinkler that opens under the influence of heat by the melting of a component
3.2.2
glass bulb sprinkler
sprinkler that opens under the influence of heat by the bursting of the glass bulb through pressure resulting
from expansion of the fluid enclosed therein
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
3.3 Types of sprinkler according to type of water distribution
3.3.1
conventional sprinkler
C
sprinkler giving spherical water distribution directed downward and at the ceiling for a definite protection area
such that 40 % to 60 % of the total water flow is initially directed downward
3.3.2
spray sprinkler
S
sprinkler giving paraboloid water distribution directed downward for a definite protection area such that 80 %
to 100 % of the total water flow is initially directed downward
3.3.3
flat spray sprinkler
F
sprinkler giving paraboloid water distribution directed downward for a definite protection area, such that 60 %
to 80 % of the total water flow is initially directed downward
3.3.4
sidewall sprinkler
W
sprinkler giving a one-sided (half-paraboloid) water distribution over a definite protection area
3.4 Types of sprinkler according to position
3.4.1
upright sprinkler
U
sprinkler arranged such that the water stream is directed upwards against the distribution plate
3.4.2
pendent sprinkler
P
sprinkler arranged such that the water stream is directed downwards against the distribution plate
3.4.3
horizontal sprinkler
H
sprinkler arranged such that the water stream is directed horizontally against the distribution plate
3.5 Special types of sprinkler
3.5.1
dry upright sprinkler
unit comprising an upright installed sprinkler mounted at the outlet of a special riser extension with a seal at
the inlet end that prevents water from entering the riser until it is released by operation of the sprinkler
3.5.2
dry pendent sprinkler
unit comprising a pendent installed sprinkler mounted at the outlet of a special drop extension with a seal at
the inlet end that prevents water from entering the drop until it is released by operation of the sprinkler
3.5.3
flush sprinkler
sprinkler of which all or part of the body, including the shank thread, is mounted above the lower plane of the
ceiling, but part or all of whose heat-responsive element is below the lower plane of the ceiling
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
3.5.4
recessed sprinkler
sprinkler of which all or part of the body, other than the shank thread, is mounted within recessed housing
3.5.5
concealed sprinkler
recessed sprinkler having a cover plate
3.5.6
on/off sprinkler
O/O
sprinkler that repeatedly opens under the influence of heat and closes if a heat-sensitive element cools to a
predetermined temperature
3.5.7
multiple-orifice pendent sprinkler
MO
sprinkler having two or more outlet orifices arranged to distribute the water discharge downward in a specified
pattern and quantity for a definite protection area
3.5.8
coated sprinkler
sprinkler that has a factory-applied coating for corrosion protection
3.5.9
sprinkler with water shield
sprinkler, intended for use in racks or beneath open grating, which is provided with a water shield mounted
above the heat-responsive element to protect it from water discharged by sprinklers at higher elevations
3.5.10
extended-coverage sprinkler
EC
sprinkler having a specified area of coverage larger than that of a conventional, spray, flat spray or sidewall
sprinkler
3.6 Types of sprinkler according to sprinkler sensitivity
3.6.1
fast-response sprinkler
0,5 0,5
sprinkler having a response time index (RTI) u 50 (m⋅s) and a conductivity factor (C) of u 1,0 (m/s)
See Figure 1.
3.6.2
special-response sprinkler
0,5 0,5
sprinkler having an average response time index (RTI) of between 50 (m⋅s) and 80 (m⋅s) and a
0,5
conductivity (C) factor of u 1,0 (m/s)
See Figure 1.
3.6.3
standard-response sprinkler
0,5 0,5
sprinkler having a response time index (RTI) of between 80 (m⋅s) and 350 (m⋅s) and a conductivity (C)
0,5
factor not exceeding 2,0 (m/s)
See Figure 1.
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)

Key
1 standard-response sprinklers
2 special-response sprinklers
3 fast-response sprinklers
Figure 1 — RTI and C limits for standard orientation
4 Product consistency
4.1 Quality control programme
It shall be the responsibility of the manufacturer to implement a quality control programme to ensure that
production continuously meets the requirements of this part of ISO 6182 in the same manner as the originally
tested samples.
4.2 Leak resistance testing
Every manufactured sprinkler shall pass a leak resistance test equivalent to a hydrostatic pressure of at least
3 MPa (30 bar) for at least 2 s.
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
5 Product assembly
All sprinklers shall be designed and manufactured such that they cannot be readily adjusted, dismantled or
reassembled.
6 Requirements
6.1 Dimensions
Sprinkler dimensions shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 — Dimensional requirements
Nominal diameter of orifice Nominal thread size
mm inches
10 3/8
15 1/2
20 3/4

6.1.1 Orifice size
6.1.1.1 All sprinklers shall be constructed so that a sphere of diameter 8 mm can pass through each
water passage in the sprinkler, with the exceptions specified in 6.1.1.2.
6.1.1.2 In some countries, sprinklers having orifices of nominal diameters 6 mm, 8 mm or 9 mm, or
sprinklers having multiple water passages, are acceptable.
In those countries where 6 mm or 8 mm orifice automatic sprinklers are acceptable, and the sprinklers are
used together with a strainer in the system or in each sprinkler, a 5-mm sphere may be used for checking the
size of each water passage.
In those countries where sprinklers having multiple water passages are acceptable, and the sprinklers are
used together with a strainer in the system or in each sprinkler, a 3-mm sphere may be used for checking the
size of each water passage.
6.1.2 Nominal thread sizes
6.1.2.1 Nominal thread sizes shall be suitable for fittings threaded in accordance with ISO 7-1. The
dimensions of all threaded connections should conform to International Standards where applied or shall
conform to national standards where International Standards are not applicable
6.1.2.2 In some countries, the use of 1/2-in threads for sprinklers having orifices of nominal diameters
6 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm is acceptable.
6.1.2.3 Special sprinklers such as dry and flush sprinklers may have larger thread sizes.
6.2 Nominal operating temperature (see 7.7.1)
6.2.1 The nominal operating temperature of glass bulb sprinklers shall be in accordance with Table 2.
6.2.2 The nominal operating temperatures of all other sprinklers shall be specified in advance by the
manufacturer and verified in accordance with 6.3, and shall be determined according to 7.7.1. Nominal
operating temperature ranges for these sprinklers shall be in accordance with Table 2.
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
6.2.3 The nominal operating temperature to be marked on the sprinkler shall be that determined when the
sprinkler is tested according to 7.7.1, taking into account the requirement of 6.3.
Table 2 — Nominal operating temperatures
Glass bulb sprinklers
Nom. operating temperature
I Liquid colour code
°C
57 orange
68 red
79 yellow
93 green
107 green
121 blue
141 blue
163 mauve
182 mauve
204 black
227 black
260 black
343 black
Fusible element sprinklers
Nom. operating temperature range
I Yoke arm colour code
°C
57 to 77 uncoloured
80 to 107 white
121 to 149 blue
163 to 191 red
204 to 246 green
260 to 302 orange
320 to 343 orange

6.3 Operating temperature (see 7.7.1)
Sprinklers shall operate within a temperature range of
I ± (0,035I + 0,62) °C
where I is the nominal operating temperature.
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ISO 6182-1:2004(E)
6.4 Water flow and distribution
6.4.1 Flow constant (see 7.11)
The flow constant, K, for sprinklers is given by the formula:
q
K =
10 p
where
p is the pressure, expressed in megapascals;
q is the flow rate, expressed in litres per minute;
K-factor for sprinklers according to this part of ISO 6182 shall be in accordance with Table 3 when determined
by the test method given in 7.11.
Table 3 — Flow constant
Nominal diameter
K for dry
of orifice
K
sprinklers
mm
10 57 ± 3 57 ± 5
15
80 ± 4 80 ± 6
20
115 ± 6 115 ± 9

6.4.2 Water distribution (see 7.12)
To demonstrate the required coverage of the protected area allotted to it, the sprinkler shall pass the test
according to 7.12.
6.5 Function (see 7.6)
6.5.1 When tested in accordance with 7.6.1 to 7.6.5, the sprinkler shall open and, within 5 s of the release
of the heat-responsive element, shall operate satisfactorily in accordance with 6.4.1. Any lodgement of
released parts shall be cleared within 60 s of release of the heat-responsive element for standard response
sprinklers and within 10 s for special- and fast-response sprinklers; otherwise, the sprinkler shall then comply
with 6.4.2.
6.5.2 The deflector and its supporting parts shall not sustain significant damage as a result of the functional
test specified in 7.6.6 and shall be in accordance with 6.4.2.
NOTE In most instances, visual examination of the sprinkler will be sufficient to establish conformance with 6.5.1 and
6.5.2.
6.5.3 An on/off sprinkler shall switch between the fully off and fully on positions. No intermediate, partially
on, position is acceptable. After initial operation, leakage not exceeding 20 ml/min is acceptable in the off
position (see 7.27.10).
6.6 Service load and strength of sprinkler body (see 7.4)
6.6.1 The sprinkler body shall not show permanent elongation of more than 0,2 % betwee
...