ISO 7146-1:2019

Plain bearings — Appearance and characterization of damage to metallic hydrodynamic bearings — Part 1: General

This document defines, describes and classifies the characteristics of damage occurring in service to hydrodynamically lubricated metallic plain bearings and journals. It assists in the understanding of the various characteristic forms of damage which can occur. Consideration is restricted to damage characteristics which have a well-defined appearance and which can be attributed to particular damage causes with a high degree of certainty. Various appearances are illustrated with photographs and diagrams.

Paliers lisses — Aspect et caractérisation de l'endommagement des paliers métalliques à couche lubrifiante fluide — Partie 1: Généralités

Drsni ležaji - Tekočinski sloj kovinskih ležajev - Izrazi in značilnosti poškodb - 1. del: Splošno

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-May-2019
• ICS: 21.100.10 - Plain bearings
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 123/SC 2 - Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 123/SC 2 - Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Start Date: 02-Dec-2029
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 7146-1:2020 - Plain bearings - Appearance and characterization of damage to metallic hydrodynamic bearings - Part 1: General

Relations

• Revises: ISO 7146-1:2008 - Plain bearings — Appearance and characterization of damage to metallic hydrodynamic bearings — Part 1: General
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2020
Drsni ležaji - Tekočinski sloj kovinskih ležajev - Izrazi in značilnosti poškodb - 1.
del: Splošno
Plain bearings - Appearance and characterization of damage to metallic hydrodynamic
bearings - Part 1: General
Paliers lisses -- Aspect et caractérisation de l'endommagement des paliers métalliques à
couche lubrifiante fluide
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 7146-1:2019
ICS:
21.100.10 Drsni ležaji Plain bearings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7146-1
Second edition
2019-05
Plain bearings — Appearance and
characterization of damage to metallic
hydrodynamic bearings —
Part 1:
General
Paliers lisses — Aspect et caractérisation de l'endommagement des
paliers métalliques à couche lubrifiante fluide —
Partie 1: Généralités
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Descriptions, causes and features of damage . 2
4.1 Damage . 2
4.1.1 General. 2
4.1.2 Indicators of damage . 2
4.2 Damage causes . 2
4.3 Damage appearances . 2
4.4 Damage characterization . 3
4.4.1 General. 3
4.4.2 Static overload . 3
4.4.3 Dynamic overload . 3
4.4.4 Wear by friction . 3
4.4.5 Overheating . 3
4.4.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) . 3
4.4.7 Contamination . 3
4.4.8 Cavitation erosion . 3
4.4.9 Electroerosion . 3
4.4.10 Hydrogen diffusion . 4
4.4.11 Bond failure . 4
4.5 Relationship between damage appearance and damage characterizations . 4
5 Guidelines for damage analysis . 5
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Step 1 . 7
5.3 Step 2 . 7
5.4 Step 3 . 7
5.5 Step 4 . 7
5.6 Step 5 . 7
6 Damage to the bearing surface — Damage characteristics, typical damage
appearances and possible damage causes . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Static overload . 8
6.2.1 Typical damage appearances . 8
6.2.2 Possible damage causes . 8
6.2.3 Typical examples . 8
6.3 Dynamic overload . 9
6.3.1 Typical damage appearances . 9
6.3.2 Possible damage causes . 9
6.3.3 Typical examples . 9
6.4 Wear by friction .15
6.4.1 Typical damage appearances .15
6.4.2 Possible damage causes .16
6.4.3 Typical examples .16
6.5 Overheating.18
6.5.1 Typical damage appearances .18
6.5.2 Possible damage causes .19
6.5.3 Typical examples .19
6.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) .21
6.6.1 Typical damage appearances .21
6.6.2 Possible damage causes .21
6.6.3 Typical examples .21
6.7 Contamination .25
6.7.1 Contamination with particles .25
6.7.2 Contamination with chemicals .32
6.8 Cavitation erosion .37
6.8.1 General.37
6.8.2 Typical damage appearances .37
6.8.3 Possible damage causes .37
6.8.4 Typical examples .37
6.9 Electro-erosion .39
6.9.1 Typical damage appearance .39
6.9.2 Possible damage causes .39
6.9.3 Typical examples .39
6.10 Hydrogen diffusion .40
6.10.1 Typical damage appearances .40
6.10.2 Possible damage cause .
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7146-1
Second edition
2019-05
Plain bearings — Appearance and
characterization of damage to metallic
hydrodynamic bearings —
Part 1:
General
Paliers lisses — Aspect et caractérisation de l'endommagement des
paliers métalliques à couche lubrifiante fluide —
Partie 1: Généralités
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Descriptions, causes and features of damage . 2
4.1 Damage . 2
4.1.1 General. 2
4.1.2 Indicators of damage . 2
4.2 Damage causes . 2
4.3 Damage appearances . 2
4.4 Damage characterization . 3
4.4.1 General. 3
4.4.2 Static overload . 3
4.4.3 Dynamic overload . 3
4.4.4 Wear by friction . 3
4.4.5 Overheating . 3
4.4.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) . 3
4.4.7 Contamination . 3
4.4.8 Cavitation erosion . 3
4.4.9 Electroerosion . 3
4.4.10 Hydrogen diffusion . 4
4.4.11 Bond failure . 4
4.5 Relationship between damage appearance and damage characterizations . 4
5 Guidelines for damage analysis . 5
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Step 1 . 7
5.3 Step 2 . 7
5.4 Step 3 . 7
5.5 Step 4 . 7
5.6 Step 5 . 7
6 Damage to the bearing surface — Damage characteristics, typical damage
appearances and possible damage causes . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Static overload . 8
6.2.1 Typical damage appearances . 8
6.2.2 Possible damage causes . 8
6.2.3 Typical examples . 8
6.3 Dynamic overload . 9
6.3.1 Typical damage appearances . 9
6.3.2 Possible damage causes . 9
6.3.3 Typical examples . 9
6.4 Wear by friction .15
6.4.1 Typical damage appearances .15
6.4.2 Possible damage causes .16
6.4.3 Typical examples .16
6.5 Overheating.18
6.5.1 Typical damage appearances .18
6.5.2 Possible damage causes .19
6.5.3 Typical examples .19
6.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) .21
6.6.1 Typical damage appearances .21
6.6.2 Possible damage causes .21
6.6.3 Typical examples .21
6.7 Contamination .25
6.7.1 Contamination with particles .25
6.7.2 Contamination with chemicals .32
6.8 Cavitation erosion .37
6.8.1 General.37
6.8.2 Typical damage appearances .37
6.8.3 Possible damage causes .37
6.8.4 Typical examples .37
6.9 Electro-erosion .39
6.9.1 Typical damage appearance .39
6.9.2 Possible damage causes .39
6.9.3 Typical examples .39
6.10 Hydrogen diffusion .40
6.10.1 Typical damage appearances .40
6.10.2 Possible damage cause .41
6.10.3 Typical examples .41
6.11 Bond failure .42
6.11.1 Typical damage appearances .42
6.11.2 Possible damage causes .42
6.11.3 Typical example .
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7146-1
Second edition
2019-05
Plain bearings — Appearance and
characterization of damage to metallic
hydrodynamic bearings —
Part 1:
General
Paliers lisses — Aspect et caractérisation de l'endommagement des
paliers métalliques à couche lubrifiante fluide —
Partie 1: Généralités
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Descriptions, causes and features of damage . 2
4.1 Damage . 2
4.1.1 General. 2
4.1.2 Indicators of damage . 2
4.2 Damage causes . 2
4.3 Damage appearances . 2
4.4 Damage characterization . 3
4.4.1 General. 3
4.4.2 Static overload . 3
4.4.3 Dynamic overload . 3
4.4.4 Wear by friction . 3
4.4.5 Overheating . 3
4.4.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) . 3
4.4.7 Contamination . 3
4.4.8 Cavitation erosion . 3
4.4.9 Electroerosion . 3
4.4.10 Hydrogen diffusion . 4
4.4.11 Bond failure . 4
4.5 Relationship between damage appearance and damage characterizations . 4
5 Guidelines for damage analysis . 5
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Step 1 . 7
5.3 Step 2 . 7
5.4 Step 3 . 7
5.5 Step 4 . 7
5.6 Step 5 . 7
6 Damage to the bearing surface — Damage characteristics, typical damage
appearances and possible damage causes . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Static overload . 8
6.2.1 Typical damage appearances . 8
6.2.2 Possible damage causes . 8
6.2.3 Typical examples . 8
6.3 Dynamic overload . 9
6.3.1 Typical damage appearances . 9
6.3.2 Possible damage causes . 9
6.3.3 Typical examples . 9
6.4 Wear by friction .15
6.4.1 Typical damage appearances .15
6.4.2 Possible damage causes .16
6.4.3 Typical examples .16
6.5 Overheating.18
6.5.1 Typical damage appearances .18
6.5.2 Possible damage causes .19
6.5.3 Typical examples .19
6.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) .21
6.6.1 Typical damage appearances .21
6.6.2 Possible damage causes .21
6.6.3 Typical examples .21
6.7 Contamination .25
6.7.1 Contamination with particles .25
6.7.2 Contamination with chemicals .32
6.8 Cavitation erosion .37
6.8.1 General.37
6.8.2 Typical damage appearances .37
6.8.3 Possible damage causes .37
6.8.4 Typical examples .37
6.9 Electro-erosion .39
6.9.1 Typical damage appearance .39
6.9.2 Possible damage causes .39
6.9.3 Typical examples .39
6.10 Hydrogen diffusion .40
6.10.1 Typical damage appearances .40
6.10.2 Possible damage cause .41
6.10.3 Typical examples .41
6.11 Bond failure .42
6.11.1 Typical damage appearances .42
6.11.2 Possible damage causes .42
6.11.3 Typical example .
...