ISO 14649-11:2004
(Main)Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 11: Process data for milling
Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers — Part 11: Process data for milling
ISO 14649-11:2004 specifies the technology-specific data elements needed as process data for milling. Together with the general process data described in ISO 14649-10, it describes the interface between a computerized numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop floor programming system) for milling. It can be used for milling operations on all types of machines, be it milling machines, machining centres, or lathes with motorized tools capable of milling. The scope of ISO 14649-11:2004 does not include any other technologies, like turning, grinding, or EDM. These technologies will be described in further parts of ISO 14649. The subject of the milling_schema, which is described in ISO 14649-11:2004, is the definition of technology-specific data types representing the machining process for milling and drilling. This includes both milling of freeform surfaces and milling of prismatic workpieces (also known as 2 1/2-D milling). Not included in this schema are the following: geometric items; representations; manufacturing features; executable objects; base classes which are common for all technologies. They are referenced from ISO 10303's generic resources and ISO 14649-10. The description of process data is done using the EXPRESS language as defined in ISO 10303-11. The encoding of the data is done using ISO 10303-21.
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs numériques informatisés — Partie 11: Données des procédés relatifs au fraisage
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-11
Second edition
2004-12-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 11:
Process data for milling
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande
des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 11: Données des procédés relatifs au fraisage
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 General Process data.2
4.1 Header and references.2
4.2 Technology-specific machining operations .2
4.2.1 NC functions for milling.2
4.2.2 Tool direction for milling .3
4.2.3 Milling machining operation.4
4.2.4 Milling technology.5
4.2.5 Milling machine functions .6
4.2.6 Milling type operation .7
4.2.7 Freeform operation.14
4.2.8 Two5D milling operation.18
4.2.9 Plane milling .23
4.2.10 Side milling.24
4.2.11 Bottom and side milling.24
4.2.12 Drilling type operation .25
4.2.13 Drilling operation.27
4.2.14 Boring operation.29
4.2.15 Back boring.29
4.2.16 Tapping.30
4.2.17 Thread drilling.30
4.3 End Schema .31
5 Conformance requirements .31
5.1 Conformance class 1 entities.31
5.2 Conformance class 2 entities.32
Annex A (normative) EXPRESS listing.33
Annex B (normative) Short names of entities.43
Annex C (normative) Implementation method specific requirements .45
Annex D (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram.46
Annex E (informative) Sample NC programmes .53
E.1 Example 1.53
E.2 Example 2.56
Index .62
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14649-11 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14649-11:2003), of which it constitutes a minor
revision.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
Part 10: General process data
Part 11: Process data for milling
Part 12: Process data for turning
Part 111: Tools for milling machines
Part 121: Tools for turning
Gaps in the numbering of parts were left to allow further additions. The future Parts 2 and 3 will be for
language bindings according to ISO 10303 methods. Part 10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference Model
(ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after Part 10. The
future Part 50 will be the ISO 10303 Application Interpreted Model (AIM) for process-independent data.
ISO 10303 AIMs for specific technologies are added after Part 50.
ISO 14649 is harmonised with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data over the whole life cycle.
Figure 1 of ISO 14649-1 shows the different fields of standardisation between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and CNC
manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment
from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred
between the various facilities and machines. Today’s digital communications standards have solved the
problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of
product data has been standardised by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data
throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realising this principle are
the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are
programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code” language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits
program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool center path with
respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, the standard
defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors
usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces
ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine
tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level
machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to
axis motion and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO
10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as
the basis for a bi- and multi-directional data exchange between all other information technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming,
that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is
object- and feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not
machine dependent axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility
will spare all data adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC-
controllers. If old NC programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters
shall be able to process the different NC program types in parallel.
ISO TC184/SC1/WG7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes”
manually or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical
user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent.
Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the
effectiveness of the standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-11:2004(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 11:
Process data for milling
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 specifies the technology-specific data elements needed as process data for milling.
Together with the general process data described in ISO 14649-10, it describes the interface between a
computerised numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop floor programming
system) for milling. It can be used for milling operations on all types of machines, be it milling machines,
machining centers, or lathes with motorised tools capable of milling. The scope of this part does not
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-11
Second edition
2004-12-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 11:
Process data for milling
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande
des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 11: Données des procédés relatifs au fraisage
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
This CD-ROM contains:
1) the publication ISO 14649-11:2004 in portable document format (PDF), which can be viewed using
Adobe® Acrobat® Reader;
2) VISIO files of the EXPRESS G diagrams for ISO 14649-11:2004.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Syste
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-11
Second edition
2004-12-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 11:
Process data for milling
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande
des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 11: Données des procédés relatifs au fraisage
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
This CD-ROM contains:
1) the publication ISO 14649-11:2004 in portable document format (PDF), which can be viewed using
Adobe® Acrobat® Reader;
2) VISIO files of the EXPRESS G diagrams for ISO 14649-11:2004.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Syste
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-11
Second edition
2004-12-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 11:
Process data for milling
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande
des dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 11: Données des procédés relatifs au fraisage
Reference number
©
ISO 2004
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 General Process data.2
4.1 Header and references.2
4.2 Technology-specific machining operations .2
4.2.1 NC functions for milling.2
4.2.2 Tool direction for milling .3
4.2.3 Milling machining operation.4
4.2.4 Milling technology.5
4.2.5 Milling machine functions .6
4.2.6 Milling type operation .7
4.2.7 Freeform operation.14
4.2.8 Two5D milling operation.18
4.2.9 Plane milling .23
4.2.10 Side milling.24
4.2.11 Bottom and side milling.24
4.2.12 Drilling type operation .25
4.2.13 Drilling operation.27
4.2.14 Boring operation.29
4.2.15 Back boring.29
4.2.16 Tapping.30
4.2.17 Thread drilling.30
4.3 End Schema .31
5 Conformance requirements .31
5.1 Conformance class 1 entities.31
5.2 Conformance class 2 entities.32
Annex A (normative) EXPRESS listing.33
Annex B (normative) Short names of entities.43
Annex C (normative) Implementation method specific requirements .45
Annex D (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram.46
Annex E (informative) Sample NC programmes .53
E.1 Example 1.53
E.2 Example 2.56
Index .62
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14649-11 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14649-11:2003), of which it constitutes a minor
revision.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
Part 10: General process data
Part 11: Process data for milling
Part 12: Process data for turning
Part 111: Tools for milling machines
Part 121: Tools for turning
Gaps in the numbering of parts were left to allow further additions. The future Parts 2 and 3 will be for
language bindings according to ISO 10303 methods. Part 10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference Model
(ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after Part 10. The
future Part 50 will be the ISO 10303 Application Interpreted Model (AIM) for process-independent data.
ISO 10303 AIMs for specific technologies are added after Part 50.
ISO 14649 is harmonised with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data over the whole life cycle.
Figure 1 of ISO 14649-1 shows the different fields of standardisation between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and CNC
manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment
from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred
between the various facilities and machines. Today’s digital communications standards have solved the
problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of
product data has been standardised by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data
throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realising this principle are
the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are
programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code” language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits
program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool center path with
respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, the standard
defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors
usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces
ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine
tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level
machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to
axis motion and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO
10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as
the basis for a bi- and multi-directional data exchange between all other information technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming,
that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is
object- and feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not
machine dependent axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility
will spare all data adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC-
controllers. If old NC programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters
shall be able to process the different NC program types in parallel.
ISO TC184/SC1/WG7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes”
manually or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical
user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent.
Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the
effectiveness of the standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-11:2004(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 11:
Process data for milling
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 specifies the technology-specific data elements needed as process data for milling.
Together with the general process data described in ISO 14649-10, it describes the interface between a
computerised numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop floor programming
system) for milling. It can be used for milling operations on all types of machines, be it milling machines,
machining centers, or lathes with motorised tools capable of milling. The scope of this part does not
...
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