ISO 10416:2002
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluids — Laboratory testing
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluids — Laboratory testing
ISO 10416:2002 provides procedures for the laboratory testing of both drilling fluid materials and drilling fluid physical, chemical and performance properties. It is applicable to both water-based and oil-based drilling fluids, as well as the base or make-up fluid. It is not intended as a detailed manual on drilling fluid control procedures. Recommendations regarding agitation and testing temperature are presented because the agitation history and temperature have a profound effect on drilling fluid properties.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de forage — Essais en laboratoire
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10416
First edition
2002-12-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Drilling fluids — Laboratory testing
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de forage — Essais en
laboratoire
Reference number
ISO 10416:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002
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ISO 10416:2002(E)
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ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10416:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vii
Introduction. viii
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms. 2
3.1 Terms and definitions. 2
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
4 Particle size analysis for fines in barite. 3
4.1 Principle . 3
4.2 Reagents and apparatus. 3
4.3 Sampling . 4
4.4 Calculation of moisture content . 4
4.5 Sieve analysis. 5
4.6 Sedimentation analysis . 5
5 Barite performance . 10
5.1 Principle . 10
5.2 Reagents and apparatus. 10
5.3 Base drilling fluid preparation . 11
5.4 Rheology test. 11
5.5 Calculation . 12
6 Abrasiveness of weighting materials. 12
6.1 Principle . 12
6.2 Reagents and apparatus. 13
6.3 Determination of abrasion. 13
7 Standard method for determination of mercury in drilling fluid barite . 15
7.1 Principle . 15
7.2 Reagents and apparatus. 15
7.3 Preparation of standards. 17
7.4 Sample digestion. 17
7.5 Check for recovery of Hg during digestion . 17
7.6 Analysis of standards and samples . 18
7.7 Calculation . 18
8 Standard method for determination of cadmium and lead in drilling fluid barite . 19
8.1 Principle . 19
8.2 Reagents and apparatus. 19
8.3 Preparation of combined cadmium and lead standards. 20
8.4 Sample digestion. 20
8.5 Analysis of standards and samples . 20
8.6 Calculation . 21
9 Standard method for determination of arsenic in drilling fluid barite . 21
9.1 Principle . 21
9.2 Reagents and apparatus. 22
9.3 Preparation of standards. 23
9.4 Sample digestion. 23
9.5 Analysis of standards and samples . 24
9.6 Calculation . 24
10 Bridging materials for regaining circulation . 24
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ISO 10416:2002(E)
10.1 Principle . 24
10.2 Apparatus. 25
10.3 Preparation of test drilling fluid. 25
10.4 Static slot test. 25
10.5 Dynamic slot test. 26
10.6 Static marble bed test . 26
10.7 Dynamic marble bed test. 26
10.8 Static ball bearings (BB) bed test. 26
10.9 Dynamic ball bearings (BB) bed test. 27
11 Filtration control agents . 27
11.1 Principle . 27
11.2 Reagents and apparatus. 27
11.3 General instructions for preparation of base drilling fluids . 29
11.4 Salt-saturated drilling fluid. 29
11.5 High-hardness, salt-saturated drilling fluid. 29
11.6 10 % potassium chloride (KCl) drilling fluid. 30
11.7 Prehydrated bentonite slurry . 30
11.8 Modified seawater drilling fluid. 31
11.9 Low salinity drilling fluid . 31
11.10 Lime-treated drilling fluid . 31
11.11 Low solids, non-dispersed drilling fluid . 32
11.12 Freshwater lignosulfonate drilling fluid. 32
11.13 Initial performance test. 33
11.14 Performance after heat ageing. 33
12 Methylene blue test for drill solids and commercial bentonite . 34
12.1 Methylene blue capacity of drill solids . 34
12.2 Methylene blue capacity of commercial bentonite . 36
12.3 Solids content. 38
13 Deflocculation test for thinner evaluation . 38
13.1 Principle . 38
13.2 Reagents and apparatus. 39
13.3 Procedure for moisture content. 40
13.4 Calculation of moisture content . 40
13.5 Preparation of drilling fluid base . 40
13.6 Calculation . 41
13.7 Determination of rheological properties. 41
13.8 Calculation of thinner efficiency. 43
14 Standard methods for testing base oils used in drilling fluids . 43
14.1 Principle . 43
14.2 Reagents and apparatus. 43
14.3 Density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity-hydrometer method — ISO 3675. 43
14.4 Density and relative density of liquids using a digital density meter — ASTM D4052 . 44
14.5 Kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque oils — Calibrated capillary tube method —
ISO 3104 . 44
14.6 Distillation — ISO 3405 . 44
14.7 Aniline point and mixed aniline point — ISO 2977. 45
14.8 Pour point — ISO 3016. 45
14.9 Flash point by Pensky-Martens closed tester — ISO 2719 . 46
14.10 Aromatics content — IP 391 or ASTM D5186 . 46
15 Potassium content — Ion-selective electrode method. 47
15.1 Principle . 47
15.2 Reagents and apparatus. 47
15.3 Preparation of electrodes . 48
15.4 Operational check of electrode system . 48
15.5 Measurements using a meter with direct concentration readout capability. 49
15.6 Measurements with instruments which provide either digital or analog readout in millivolts. 49
16 Calcium content — Ion-selective electrode method.50
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ISO 10416:2002(E)
16.1 Principle . 50
16.2 Reagents and apparatus. 50
16.3 Preparation of electrodes. 51
16.4 Operational check of electrode system . 51
16.5 Measurements using a meter with direct concentration readout capability. 52
16.6 Measurements with instruments which provide either digital or analog readout in millivolts. 52
17 Density of solids — Stereopycnometer method . 53
17.1 Principle . 53
17.2 Apparatus. 53
17.3 Procedure — Stereopycnometer method . 53
17.4 Calculation — Stereopycnometer method. 54
18 Density of solids — Air comparison pycnometer method. 55
18.1 Principle . 55
18.2 Apparatus. 55
18.3 Procedure — Air comparison pycnometer method. 55
18.4 Calculation — Air comparison pycnometer method . 55
19 Sodium in water-based drilling fluids — Ion-selective electrode method . 56
19.1 Principle . 56
19.2 Reagents and apparatus. 56
19.3 Preparation and operational check of electrode system . 57
19.4 Measurements using a meter with direct concentration readout capability. 58
19.5 Measurements using a meter with readout in millivolts . 58
20 Ageing of water-based drilling fluids . 59
20.1 Principle . 59
20.2 Practices common to preparation, handling and testing over all temperature ranges . 59
20.3 Drilling fluid sample preparation and ageing at ambient temperature. 60
20.4 Drilling fluid ageing at moderate temperatures (ambient to 65 °C) . 61
20.5 Drilling fluid ageing at substantially elevated temperatures (over 65 °C). 62
20.6 Inertness and chemical compatibility in high-temperature ageing cells . 65
20.7 Obtaining supplies and services for the ageing of drilling fluid samples . 66
21 Ageing of oil-based drilling fluids . 66
21.1 Principle . 66
21.2 Apparatus. 67
21.3 Practices common to preparation, handling and testing over all temperature ranges . 68
21.4 Drilling fluid ageing at ambient temperatures. 69
21.5 Drilling fluid ageing at moderate temperatures (ambient to 65 °C) . 70
21.6 Drilling fluid ageing at substantially elevated temperatures (over 65 °C). 71
21.7 Inertness and chemical compatibility in high-temperature ageing cells . 72
21.8 Obtaining supplies and services for the ageing of drilling fluid samples . 73
22 Shale particle disintegration test by hot rolling. 73
22.1 Principle . 73
22.2 Reagents and apparatus. 74
22.3 Procedure. 75
22.4 Calculation . 75
23 Drilling fluid materials — High viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) (regular). 76
23.1 Principle . 76
23.2 Determination of moisture content . 76
23.3 Procedures with test fluid containing PAC-HV . 77
24 Drilling fluid materials — Low viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV). 79
24.1 Principle . 79
24.2 Determination of moisture content . 80
24.3 Procedures with test fluid containing PAC-LV . 80
25 Preparation and evaluation of invert emulsion drilling fluids . 83
25.1 Principle . 83
25.2 Reagents and apparatus. 83
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ISO 10416:2002(E)
25.3 Mixing of initial drilling fluid. 84
25.4 Testing of properties of initial drilling fluid . 85
25.5 Preparation of sample contaminated by seawater .85
25.6 Preparation of sample contaminated by Base Evaluation Clay . 86
25.7 Preparation of sample contaminated by mixed-salt brine . 86
25.8 Procedure for hot rolling . 86
25.9 Procedure for static ageing. 86
25.10 Procedure for testing after heat ageing . 87
26 Permeability plugging in cells with set-screw-secured end caps (HTHP filtration). 87
26.1 Principle . 87
26.2 Safety considerations . 87
26.3 Apparatus — Permeability plugging apparatus (PPA) with set-screw-secured end caps . 89
26.4 Procedure for high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) filtration. 91
26.5 Test conclusion and disassembly. 94
26.6 Data reporting. 95
27 Permeability plugging in cells with threaded end caps (HTHP) . 96
27.1 Principle . 96
27.2 Safety considerations . 96
27.3 Apparatus — Permeability plugging apparatus (PPA) with threaded end caps. 98
27.4 Procedure for high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) filtration. 100
27.5 Test conclusion and disassembly. 102
27.6 Data reporting. 104
Bibliography. 105
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ISO 10416:2002(E)
Foreword
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