ISO/TR 6030:2022
(Main)Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction – Survey results and gap analysis
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction – Survey results and gap analysis
This document identifies existing global smart community infrastructures that enhance disaster risk reduction, the key purposes served by these global examples, gaps in coverage, and the need for standardization activities, which establishes the basis for the next steps for standardization. This document is intended to be a basis for the future standardization of smart community infrastructures for disaster risk reduction through the identification of areas for potential standardization. This includes, but is not limited to, infrastructures related to energy, waste and water, transportation, information and communication technologies (ICT), and the general built environment. It does not address specifications or requirements already covered by other relevant international standards. This document primarily addresses disasters caused by natural hazards, such as geological and hydrometeorological hazards, and does not focus on human-induced disasters such as terrorism or biological hazards such as pandemics.
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de catastrophes – Résultats d'enquête et analyse des écarts
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TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 6030
First edition
2022-07
Smart community infrastructures
– Disaster risk reduction – Survey
results and gap analysis
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de
catastrophes – Résultats d'enquête et analyse des écarts
Reference number
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning . 4
4.3 Disaster research . 4
4.4 Safer infrastructure . 4
4.5 Human resource development . . 4
4.6 Stockpiling . 5
4.7 Securing evacuation support . 5
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities . 5
4.9 Procurement and supply of goods . 5
4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting . 5
4.11 Medical activities . 5
4.12 Health (physical and mental) . 5
4.13 Voluntary support . 6
4.14 Epidemic prevention . . 6
4.15 Securing transportation routes . 6
4.16 Securing communication means and lifelines . 6
4.17 Livelihood recovery . 6
4.18 Recovery planning . . 6
4.19 Recovery action . 6
4.20 Collection and transmission of observation data . 7
4.21 Collection and disseminating disaster information . 7
5 Existing practices and documents relevant to disaster risk reduction .7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Literature review — Document search . 7
5.3 Survey design . . . 9
5.4 Specific examples of global initiatives . 10
5.5 Issues landscape . . 14
5.6 Solution landscape . 21
5.7 Common areas of function . 21
6 Gap analysis .22
6.1 General .22
6.2 Gap analysis types . 22
6.2.1 Gap analysis by community infrastructure functions .22
6.2.2 Gap analysis by hazard types and infrastructure types . 27
6.3 Possible areas for action by standardization bodies .29
Annex A (informative) Examples of global smart community infrastructures for disaster
risk reduction . .33
Bibliography .40
iii
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Introduction
Over the last decade, global communities have made great progress towards reducing disaster risk
through strengthening resilience against natural hazards. However, in addition to geological hazards,
ongoing climate changes can exacerbate existing hydrometeorological hazard risks by increasing the
frequency and intensity of these hazards, in either unprecedented combinations and/or unexpected
locations. As a result, more communities and assets can be exposed to these hazards, leading to greater
damage by disasters.
In order to protect communities against natural hazard risks, infrastructures can play a key role in
strengthening resilience. Critical infrastructures that communities rely on, such as energy, information
and communication technologies (ICT), transportation, waste and water, and other infrastructures
affect vital community functions such as livelihoods, medical activities, financial services. This results
in an increasing cost of disasters for all sectors of the community whether it is governments, businesses,
and individuals. These costs include not only direct costs but also indirect ones such as costs from flow-
on effects from disasters. Through the implementation of infrastructure that can strengthen resilience,
communities can recover from the impacts of disasters quickly and effectively.
The demand for smart community infrastructures, as scalable and integrable products, will continue
to grow in the decades ahead. However, it is imperative that such infrastructures can also be designed
in a way that reduces disaster risk and strengthens disaster resilience. Through an analysis of
existing documents on smart community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction and a survey of
global examples, this document is intended to identify existing gaps in the implementation of smart
community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, and to identify topics for potential areas in
the standardization of smart community infrastructures for disaster risk reduction. Through the
accumulation of global best practices, this document identifies areas for potential standardization,
which includes but is not limited to, the strengthening of disaster risk reduction technologies utilized in
critical infrastructures such as energy, waste and water, transportation, ICT, and the built environment.
This document seeks to provide the foundation for future standardization deliverables which promote
the interoperability of disaster risk reduction technologies globally.
v
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction
– Survey results and gap analysis
1 Scope
This document identifies existing global smart community infrastructures that enhance disaster
risk reduction, the key purposes served by these global examples, gaps in coverage, and the need for
standardization activities, which establishes the basis for the next steps for standardization.
This document is intended to be a basis for the future standardization of smart community
infrastructures for disaster risk reduction through the identification of areas for potential
standardization. This includes, but is not limited to, infrastructures related to energy, waste and water,
transportation, information and communication technologies (ICT), and the general built environment.
It does not address specifications or requirements already covered by other relevant international
standards.
This document primarily addresses disasters caused by natural hazards, such as geological and
hydrometeorological hazards, and does not focus on human-induced disasters such as terrorism or
biological hazards such as pandemics.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
community
group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships
Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographical boundary.
Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.3]
3.2
community infrastructure
systems of facilities, equipment and services that support the operations and activities of communities
Note 1 to entry: Such community infrastructures include, but are not limited to, energy, water, transportation,
waste and information and communication technologies (ICT).
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.6.1]
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
3.3
critical infrastructure
physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services that are essential to
the social and economic functioning of a community (3.1) or society
Note 1 to entry: Examples of critical infrastructure can include, but are not limited to, power generation,
transmission and distribution, water treatment, distribution and drainage, wastewater and stormwater
infrastructure, transportation, gas supply and distribution, telecommunications infrastructure, educational
facilities, hospitals and other health facilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123: 2019, 3.1]
3.4
disaster
serious disruption to a city or community (3.1) due to hazardous events interacting with conditions
of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to human, material, economic and/or environmental
losses and impacts
Note 1 to entry: Disasters can be frequent or infrequent, depending on the probability of occurrence and the
return period of the relevant hazard (3.5). A slow-onset disaster is one that emerges gradually over time, for
example through drought, desertification, sea level rise, subsidence or epidemic disease. A sudden-onset disaster
is one triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly, often associated with earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, flash floods, chemical explosions, critical infrastructure (3.3) failures or transport accidents.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.2]
3.5
hazard
phenomenon, human activity or process that can cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation
Note 1 to entry: Hazards include biological, environmental, geological, hydrometeorological and technological
processes and phenomena. Biological hazards include pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive
substances (e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites, venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, mosquitoes
carrying disease-causing agents). Environmental hazards can be chemical, natural, radiological or biological,
and are created by environmental degradation, physical or chemical pollution in the air, water and soil. However,
many of the processes and phenomena that fall into this category can be “drivers” of hazard and risk rather than
hazards themselves (e.g. soil degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, sea level rise). With respect to drinking
water, ‘hazard’ can be understood as a microbiological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that causes harm
to human health. Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes (e.g. earthquakes,
volcanic activity, landslides, rockslides, mud flows). Hydrometeorological hazards are of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic origin (e.g. cyclones, typhoons, hurricanes, floods, drought, heatwaves, cold
spells, and coastal storm surges). Hydrometeorological conditions can also be a factor in other hazards such
as landslides, wildland fires and epidemics. Technological hazards originate from industrial or technological
conditions, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities (e.g. industrial pollution,
nuclear radiation, toxic waste, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, chemical spills).
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.3]
3.6
resilience
ability to absorb and adapt in a changing environment
Note 1 to entry: In the context of urban resilience the ability to absorb and adapt to a changing environment is
determined by the collective capacity to anticipate, prepare and respond to threats and opportunities by each
individual component of an urban system.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.206]
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
3.7
smart community infrastructure
community infrastructure (3.2) with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated
and maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience (3.6) of the community (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 37156:2020, 3.1.4]
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction
4.1 General
Adopted at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015, the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) is an agreement that provides communities with
concrete actions to protect themselves from the risk of disasters. Four priorities for actions are
identified in the SFDRR:
— understanding disaster risk,
— strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk,
— investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience,
— enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” a term that
emerged during the SFDRR which refers to the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.
The SFDRR identifies the need to incorporate the use of technologies that can collect information and
assist in disaster risk governance at various disaster phases. “In order to reduce disaster risk, there is
a need to address existing challenges and prepare for future ones by focusing on monitoring, assessing
and understanding disaster risk and sharing such information and on how it is created; strengthening
disaster risk governance and coordination across relevant institutions and sectors and the full and
meaningful participation of relevant stakeholders at appropriate levels; investing in the economic,
social, health, cultural and educational resilience of persons, communities and countries and the
environment, as well as through technology and research; and enhancing multi-hazard early warning
systems, preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. To complement national
action and capacity, there is a need to enhance international cooperation between developed and
developing countries and between States and international organizations" (SFDRR P.11).
By investing in these technologies, the SFDRR indicates that smart community infrastructure for
disaster risk reduction can lead to the reduction of casualties and damages during a disaster event
strengthen the resilience of the community’s livelihoods. “Public and private investment in disaster risk
prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the
economic, social, health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as
well as the environment. These can be drivers of innovation, growth and job creation. Such measures
are cost-effective and instrumental to save lives, prevent and reduce losses and ensure effective
recovery and rehabilitation" (SFDRR P.18).
The importance of standardization is highlighted in the SFDRR. “Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-
resilient public and private investments, particularly through structural, non-structural and functional
disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical facilities, in particular schools and hospitals
and physical infrastructures; building better from the start to withstand hazards through proper
design and construction, including the use of the principles of universal design and the standardization
of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a culture of maintenance; and taking into
account economic, social, structural, technological and environmental impact assessments" (SFDRR
P.19). “Promoting the further development and dissemination of instruments, such as standards,
codes, operational guides and other guidance instruments, to support coordinated action in disaster
preparedness and response and facilitate information sharing on lessons learned and best practices for
policy practice and post-disaster reconstruction programmes" (SFDRR P.22).
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Through the creation of standards, this document hopes to disseminate information on global best
practices which can lead to the sharing and exchange of information between communities and
countries. “Promoting the further development of and investment in effective, nationally compatible,
regional multi-hazard early warning mechanisms, where relevant, in line with the Global Framework
for Climate Services, and facilitate the sharing and exchange of information across all countries (SFDRR
P.22). Promoting cooperation between academic, scientific and research entities and networks and the
private sector to develop new products and services to help to reduce disaster risk, in particular those
that would assist developing countries and their specific challenges (SFDRR P.20), and to disseminate
and share good practices internationally" (SFDRR P.16).
In order to guide the survey to identify global best practices in regard to smart community
infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, this document identifies key themes identified within the
SFDRR.
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning
Disasters have demonstrated that the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, which needs
to be prepared ahead of a disaster, is a critical opportunity to “Build Back Better”, including through
integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures, making nations and communities
resilient to disasters (SFDRR P.21). However, addressing underlying disaster risk factors through
disaster risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance
on post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes to sustainable development (SFDRR P.13).
To encourage the establishment of necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels of
compliance with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and regulations, including
those addressing land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and resource management
and health and safety standards, and update them, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on
disaster risk management (SFDRR P.17). To apply risk information in all its dimensions of vulnerability,
capacity and exposure of persons, communities, countries and assets, as well as hazard characteristics,
to develop and implement disaster risk reduction policies (SFDRR P.15).
4.3 Disaster research
Promoting investments in innovation and technology development in long-term, multi-hazard and
solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies
and social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks (SFDRR P.15).
Enhancing the development and dissemination of science-based methodologies and tools to record and
share disaster losses and relevant disaggregated data and statistics, as well as to strengthen disaster
risk modelling, assessment, mapping, monitoring and multi-hazard early warning systems (SFDRR
P.16).
4.4 Safer infrastructure
Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-resilient public and private investments, particularly through
structural, non-structural and functional disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical
facilities, in particular schools and hospitals and physical infrastructures; building better from the
start to withstand hazards through proper design and construction, including the use of the principles
of universal design and the standardization of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing
a culture of maintenance; and taking into account economic, social, structural, technological and
environmental impact assessments (SFDRR P.19).
4.5 Human resource development
Building the knowledge of government officials at all levels, civil society, communities and volunteers,
as well as the private sector, through sharing experiences, lessons learned, good practices and
training and education on disaster risk reduction, including the use of existing training and education
mechanisms and peer learning (SFDRR P.15).
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Training the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and strengthen technical
and logistical capacities to ensure better response in emergencies (SFDRR P.21).
4.6 Stockpiling
Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary
materials to implement rescue and relief activities (SFDRR P.21).
4.7 Securing evacuation support
Strengthening the capacity of local authorities to evacuate persons living in disaster-prone areas
(SFDRR P.22).
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities
Promoting regular disaster preparedness, response and recovery exercises, including evacuation
drills, training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and
effective response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food
and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs (SFDRR P.21).
4.9 Procurement and supply of goods
Increasing business resilience and protection of livelihoods and productive assets throughout the
supply c
...
ISO/TR 6030:2022 Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021
ISO TC 268/SC 1/WG 6
Date: 2022-05
Secretariat: JISC
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction – Survey results and gap analysis
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de catastrophes – Résultats d'enq
uête et analyse des écarts
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: #####-#:####(X
© ISO 2022
Deleted: 20XX
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org Deleted: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Deleted: 2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved¶
ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction .3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning .4
4.3 Disaster research .4
4.4 Safer infrastructure .5
4.5 Human resource development .5
4.6 Stockpiling .5
4.7 Securing evacuation support .5
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities .5
4.9 Procurement and supply of goods .5
4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting .5
4.11 Medical activities .6
4.12 Health (physical and mental) .6
4.13 Voluntary support .6
4.14 Epidemic prevention .6
4.15 Securing transportation routes .6
4.16 Securing communication means and lifelines .6
4.17 Livelihood recovery .6
4.18 Recovery planning .7
4.19 Recovery action .7
4.20 Collection and transmission of observation data .7
4.21 Collection and disseminating disaster information .7
5 Existing practices and documents relevant to disaster risk reduction.7
5.1 General .7
5.2 Summary of document search .8
5.3 Survey design . 10
5.4 Specific examples of global initiatives . 11
5.5 Issues landscape . 16
5.6 Solution landscape . 23
5.7 Common areas of function . 24
6 Gap analysis . 25
6.1 General . 25
6.2 Gap analysis . 25
6.2.1 Gap analysis by community infrastructure functions . 25
6.2.2 Gap analysis by hazard types and infrastructure types . 29
6.3 Discussion on the possible areas for actions by standardization bodies . 31
Annex A (Informative) Fifty examples of global smart community infrastructures for
disaster risk reduction . 35
Bibliography . 42
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
.
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Deleted: 4 © ISO #### – All rights reserved¶
iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Over the last decade, global communities have made great progress towards reducing disaster risk
through strengthening resilience against natural hazards. However, in addition to geological hazards,
ongoing climate changes can exacerbate existing hydrometeorological hazard risks by increasing the
frequency and intensity of these hazards, in either unprecedented combinations and/or unexpected
locations. As a result, more communities and assets can be exposed to these hazards, leading to greater
damage by disasters.
In order to protect communities against natural hazard risks, infrastructures can play a key role in
strengthening resilience. Critical infrastructures that communities rely on, such as energy, information
and communication technologies (ICT), transportation, waste and water, and other infrastructures affect Deleted: communications
vital community functions such as livelihoods, medical activities, financial services. This results in an
Deleted: , among others.
increasing cost of disasters for all sectors of the community whether it is governments, businesses, and
individuals. These costs include not only direct costs but also indirect ones such as costs from flow-on
effects from disasters. Through the implementation of infrastructure that can strengthen resilience,
communities can recover from the impacts of disasters quickly and effectively.
The demand for smart community infrastructures, as scalable and integrable products, will continue to
grow in the decades ahead. However, it is imperative that such infrastructures can also be designed in a Deleted: could
way that reduces disaster risk and strengthens disaster resilience. Through an analysis of existing
documents on smart community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction and a survey of global
examples, this document is intended to identify existing gaps in the implementation of smart community Deleted: report
infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, and to identify topics for potential areas in the standardization
of smart community infrastructures for disaster risk reduction. Through the accumulation of global best
practices, this document identifies areas for potential standardization, which includes but is not limited Deleted: report
to, the strengthening of disaster risk reduction technologies utilized in critical infrastructures such as
energy, waste and water, transportation, ICT, and the built environment. This document seeks to provide Deleted: The technical report
the foundation for future standardization deliverables which promote the interoperability of disaster risk
Deleted: promotes
reduction technologies globally.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction –
Survey results and gap analysis
1 Scope
This document identifies existing global smart community infrastructures that enhance disaster risk
Deleted: infrastructure
reduction, the key purposes served by these global examples, gaps in coverage, and the need for
Deleted: enhances
standardization activities, which establishes the basis for the next steps for standardization.
This document is intended to be a basis for the future standardization of smart community
infrastructures for disaster risk reduction through the identification of areas for potential
standardization. This includes, but is not limited to, infrastructures related to energy, waste and water,
transportation, information and communication technologies (ICT), and the general built environment. Deleted: communications technology,
It does not address specifications or requirements already covered by other relevant international
Deleted: This document
standards.
Deleted: TCs, specifically, ISO TC 292 and IEC SyC Smart
Cities. Additionally, the
This document primarily addresses disasters caused by natural hazards, such as geological and
hydrometeorological hazards, and does not focus on human-induced disasters such as terrorism or
biological hazards such as pandemics.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: Deleted: terminological
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp Deleted: http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/ Deleted: http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
community
group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships
Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographical boundary.
Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.3]
3.2
community infrastructure
systems of facilities, equipment and services that support the operations and activities of communities
Note 1 to entry: Such community infrastructures include, but are not limited to, energy, water, transportation, waste
and information and communication technologies (ICT).
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 6
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Deleted: DTR
Deleted: 2021
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.6.1]
3.3
critical infrastructure
physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services that are essential to the
social and economic functioning of a community (3.1) or society
Note 1 to entry: Examples of critical infrastructure can include, but are not limited to, power generation,
transmission and distribution, water treatment, distribution and drainage, wastewater and stormwater
infrastructure, transportation, gas supply and distribution, telecommunications infrastructure, educational
facilities, hospitals and other health facilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123: 2019, 3.1]
3.4
disaster
serious disruption to a city or community (3.1) due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of
exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to human, material, economic and/or environmental losses
and impacts
Note 1 to entry: Disasters can be frequent or infrequent, depending on the probability of occurrence and the return
period of the relevant hazard (3.5). A slow-onset disaster is one that emerges gradually over time, for example
through drought, desertification, sea level rise, subsidence or epidemic disease. A sudden-onset disaster is one
triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly, often associated with earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, flash floods, chemical explosions, critical infrastructure (3.3) failures or transport accidents.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.2]
3.5
hazard
phenomenon, human activity or process that can cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation
Note 1 to entry: Hazards include biological, environmental, geological, hydrometeorological and technological
processes and phenomena. Biological hazards include pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances
(e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites, venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, mosquitoes carrying disease-
causing agents). Environmental hazards can be chemical, natural, radiological or biological, and are created by
environmental degradation, physical or chemical pollution in the air, water and soil. However, many of the
processes and phenomena that fall into this category can be “drivers” of hazard and risk rather than hazards
themselves (e.g. soil degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, sea level rise). With respect to drinking water,
‘hazard’ can be understood as a microbiological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that causes harm to human
health. Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes (e.g. earthquakes, volcanic
activity, landslides, rockslides, mud flows). Hydrometeorological hazards are of atmospheric, hydrological or
oceanographic origin (e.g. cyclones, typhoons, hurricanes, floods, drought, heatwaves, cold spells, and coastal storm
surges). Hydrometeorological conditions can also be a factor in other hazards such as landslides, wildland fires and
epidemics. Technological hazards originate from industrial or technological conditions, dangerous procedures,
infrastructure failures or specific human activities (e.g. industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic waste, dam
failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, chemical spills).
Deleted: )
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.3]
3.6
resilience
ability to absorb and adapt in a changing environment
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Note 1 to entry: In the context of urban resilience the ability to absorb and adapt to a changing environment is
determined by the collective capacity to anticipate, prepare and respond to threats and opportunities by each
individual component of an urban system.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.206]
3.7
smart community infrastructure
community infrastructure (3.2) with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated and
maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience (3.6) of the community (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 37156:2020, 3.1.4]
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction
4.1 General
Adopted at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015, the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) is an agreement that provides communities with
concrete actions to protect themselves from the risk of disasters. Four priorities for actions are identified
in the SFDRR: Deleted: Understanding
— understanding disaster risk,
— strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk,
— investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, Deleted: and
— enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” a term that
emerged during the SFDRR which refers to the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.
The SFDRR identifies the need to incorporate the use of technologies that can collect information and
Deleted: could
assist in disaster risk governance at various disaster phases. “In order to reduce disaster risk, there is a
need to address existing challenges and prepare for future ones by focusing on monitoring, assessing and
understanding disaster risk and sharing such information and on how it is created; strengthening disaster
risk governance and coordination across relevant institutions and sectors and the full and meaningful
participation of relevant stakeholders at appropriate levels; investing in the economic, social, health,
cultural and educational resilience of persons, communities and countries and the environment, as well
as through technology and research; and enhancing multi-hazard early warning systems, preparedness,
response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. To complement national action and capacity, there
is a need to enhance international cooperation between developed and developing countries and
between States and international organizations" (SFDRR P.11). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.
By investing in these technologies, the SFDRR indicates that smart community infrastructure for disaster
risk reduction can lead to the reduction of casualties and damages during a disaster event strengthen the
resilience of the community’s livelihoods. “Public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and
Deleted: :
reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the economic, social,
health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as well as the
environment. These can be drivers of innovation, growth and job creation. Such measures are cost-
effective and instrumental to save lives, prevent and reduce losses and ensure effective recovery and
rehabilitation" (SFDRR P.18). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.
The importance of standardization is highlighted in the SFDRR. “Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-
resilient public and private investments, particularly through structural, non-structural and functional
disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical facilities, in particular schools and hospitals
and physical infrastructures; building better from the start to withstand hazards through proper design
Deleted: 8 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved¶
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Deleted: 2021
and construction, including the use of the principles of universal design and the standardization of
building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a culture of maintenance; and taking into
account economic, social, structural, technological and environmental impact assessments" (SFDRR
Deleted: .
P.19). “Promoting the further development and dissemination of instruments, such as standards, codes,
Deleted: )”.
operational guides and other guidance instruments, to support coordinated action in disaster
preparedness and response and facilitate information sharing on lessons learned and best practices for
policy practice and post-disaster reconstruction programmes" (SFDRR P.22). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.
Through the creation of standards, this document hopes to disseminate information on global best
practices which can lead to the sharing and exchange of information between communities and countries. Deleted: ,
“Promoting the further development of and investment in effective, nationally compatible, regional multi-
hazard early warning mechanisms, where relevant, in line with the Global Framework for Climate
Services, and facilitate the sharing and exchange of information across all countries (SFDRR P.22). Deleted: .
Promoting cooperation between academic, scientific and research entities and networks and the private
Deleted: ),
sector to develop new products and services to help to reduce disaster risk, in particular those that would
assist developing countries and their specific challenges (SFDRR P.20), and to disseminate and share
good practices internationally" (SFDRR P.16). Deleted: .
Deleted: )”.
In order to guide the survey to identify global best practices in regard to smart community infrastructure
for disaster risk reduction, this document identifies key themes identified within the SFDRR.
Deleted: report
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning
Disasters have demonstrated that the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, which needs to
be prepared ahead of a disaster, is a critical opportunity to “Build Back Better”, including through
integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures, making nations and communities
resilient to disasters (SFDRR P.21). However, addressing underlying disaster risk factors through
disaster risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance on
post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes to sustainable development (SFDRR P.13). To
encourage the establishment of necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels of compliance
with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and regulations, including those addressing
land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and resource management and health and
safety standards, and update them, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on disaster risk
management (SFDRR P.17). To apply risk information in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity and
exposure of persons, communities, countries and assets, as well as hazard characteristics, to develop and
implement disaster risk reduction policies (SFDRR P.15).
4.3 Disaster research
Promoting investments in innovation and technology development in long-term, multi-hazard and
solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies and
social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks (SFDRR P.15).
Enhancing the development and dissemination of science-based methodologies and tools to record and
share disaster losses and relevant disaggregated data and statistics, as well as to strengthen disaster risk
modelling, assessment, mapping, monitoring and multi-hazard early warning systems (SFDRR P.16).
4.4 Safer infrastructure
Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-resilient public and private investments, particularly through
structural, non-structural and functional disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical
facilities, in particular schools and hospitals and physical infrastructures; building better from the start
to withstand hazards through proper design and construction, including the use of the principles of
universal design and the standardization of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a
culture of maintenance; and taking into account economic, social, structural, technological and
environmental impact assessments (SFDRR P.19).
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4.5 Human resource development
Building the knowledge of government officials at all levels, civil society, communities and volunteers, as
well as the private sector, through sharing experiences, lessons learned, good practices and training and
education on disaster risk reduction, including the use of existing training and education mechanisms
and peer learning (SFDRR P.15).
Training the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and strengthen technical and
logistical capacities to ensure better response in emergencies (SFDRR P.21).
4.6 Stockpiling
Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary
materials to implement rescue and relief activities (SFDRR P.21).
4.7 Securing evacuation support
Strengthening the capacity of local authorities to evacuate persons living in disaster-prone areas (SFDRR
P.22).
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities
Promoting regular disaster preparedness, response and recovery exercises, including evacuation drills,
training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective
response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food and non-
food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs (SFDRR P.21).
4.9 Procurement and supply of goods
Increasing business resilience and protection of livelihoods and productive assets throughout the supply
chains, ensure continuity of services and integrate disaster risk management into business models and
practices (SFDRR P.20).
4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting
Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary
materials to implement rescue and relief activities; To adopt public policies and actions that support the
role of public service workers to establish or strengthen coordination and funding mechanisms and
procedures for relief assistance and plan and prepare for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction; To
train the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and stre
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 6030
First edition
Smart community infrastructures
– Disaster risk reduction – Survey
results and gap analysis
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes – Réduction des risques de
catastrophes – Résultats d'enquête et analyse des écarts
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning . 4
4.3 Disaster research . 4
4.4 Safer infrastructure . 4
4.5 Human resource development . . 4
4.6 Stockpiling . 5
4.7 Securing evacuation support . 5
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities . 5
4.9 Procurement and supply of goods . 5
4.10 Rescue, emergency and firefighting . 5
4.11 Medical activities . 5
4.12 Health (physical and mental) . 5
4.13 Voluntary support . 6
4.14 Epidemic prevention . . 6
4.15 Securing transportation routes . 6
4.16 Securing communication means and lifelines . 6
4.17 Livelihood recovery . 6
4.18 Recovery planning . . 6
4.19 Recovery action . 6
4.20 Collection and transmission of observation data . 7
4.21 Collection and disseminating disaster information . 7
5 Existing practices and documents relevant to disaster risk reduction .7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Literature review — Document search . 7
5.3 Survey design . . . 9
5.4 Specific examples of global initiatives . 10
5.4 Issues landscape . . 14
5.5 Solution landscape . 21
5.6 Common areas of function . 21
6 Gap analysis .22
6.1 General .22
6.2 Gap analysis types . 22
6.2.1 Gap analysis by community infrastructure functions .22
6.2.2 Gap analysis by hazard types and infrastructure types . 27
6.3 Possible areas for action by standardization bodies .29
Annex A (informative) Examples of global smart community infrastructures for disaster
risk reduction . .33
Bibliography .40
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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Introduction
Over the last decade, global communities have made great progress towards reducing disaster risk
through strengthening resilience against natural hazards. However, in addition to geological hazards,
ongoing climate changes can exacerbate existing hydrometeorological hazard risks by increasing the
frequency and intensity of these hazards, in either unprecedented combinations and/or unexpected
locations. As a result, more communities and assets can be exposed to these hazards, leading to greater
damage by disasters.
In order to protect communities against natural hazard risks, infrastructures can play a key role in
strengthening resilience. Critical infrastructures that communities rely on, such as energy, information
and communication technologies (ICT), transportation, waste and water, and other infrastructures
affect vital community functions such as livelihoods, medical activities, financial services. This results
in an increasing cost of disasters for all sectors of the community whether it is governments, businesses,
and individuals. These costs include not only direct costs but also indirect ones such as costs from flow-
on effects from disasters. Through the implementation of infrastructure that can strengthen resilience,
communities can recover from the impacts of disasters quickly and effectively.
The demand for smart community infrastructures, as scalable and integrable products, will continue
to grow in the decades ahead. However, it is imperative that such infrastructures can also be designed
in a way that reduces disaster risk and strengthens disaster resilience. Through an analysis of
existing documents on smart community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction and a survey of
global examples, this document is intended to identify existing gaps in the implementation of smart
community infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, and to identify topics for potential areas in
the standardization of smart community infrastructures for disaster risk reduction. Through the
accumulation of global best practices, this document identifies areas for potential standardization,
which includes but is not limited to, the strengthening of disaster risk reduction technologies utilized in
critical infrastructures such as energy, waste and water, transportation, ICT, and the built environment.
This document seeks to provide the foundation for future standardization deliverables which promote
the interoperability of disaster risk reduction technologies globally.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Smart community infrastructures – Disaster risk reduction
– Survey results and gap analysis
1 Scope
This document identifies existing global smart community infrastructures that enhance disaster
risk reduction, the key purposes served by these global examples, gaps in coverage, and the need for
standardization activities, which establishes the basis for the next steps for standardization.
This document is intended to be a basis for the future standardization of smart community
infrastructures for disaster risk reduction through the identification of areas for potential
standardization. This includes, but is not limited to, infrastructures related to energy, waste and water,
transportation, information and communication technologies (ICT), and the general built environment.
It does not address specifications or requirements already covered by other relevant international
standards.
This document primarily addresses disasters caused by natural hazards, such as geological and
hydrometeorological hazards, and does not focus on human-induced disasters such as terrorism or
biological hazards such as pandemics.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
community
group of people with an arrangement of responsibilities, activities and relationships
Note 1 to entry: In many, but not all, contexts, a community has a defined geographical boundary.
Note 2 to entry: A city is a type of community.
[SOURCE: ISO 37120:2018, 3.3]
3.2
community infrastructure
systems of facilities, equipment and services that support the operations and activities of communities
Note 1 to entry: Such community infrastructures include, but are not limited to, energy, water, transportation,
waste and information and communication technologies (ICT).
[SOURCE: ISO 37100:2016, 3.6.1]
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3.3
critical infrastructure
physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services that are essential to
the social and economic functioning of a community (3.1) or society
Note 1 to entry: Examples of critical infrastructure can include, but are not limited to, power generation,
transmission and distribution, water treatment, distribution and drainage, wastewater and stormwater
infrastructure, transportation, gas supply and distribution, telecommunications infrastructure, educational
facilities, hospitals and other health facilities.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123: 2019, 3.1]
3.4
disaster
serious disruption to a city or community (3.1) due to hazardous events interacting with conditions
of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to human, material, economic and/or environmental
losses and impacts
Note 1 to entry: Disasters can be frequent or infrequent, depending on the probability of occurrence and the
return period of the relevant hazard (3.5). A slow-onset disaster is one that emerges gradually over time, for
example through drought, desertification, sea level rise, subsidence or epidemic disease. A sudden-onset disaster
is one triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly, often associated with earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, flash floods, chemical explosions, critical infrastructure (3.3) failures or transport accidents.
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.2]
3.5
hazard
phenomenon, human activity or process that can cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation
Note 1 to entry: Hazards include biological, environmental, geological, hydrometeorological and technological
processes and phenomena. Biological hazards include pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive
substances (e.g. bacteria, viruses, parasites, venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, mosquitoes
carrying disease-causing agents). Environmental hazards can be chemical, natural, radiological or biological,
and are created by environmental degradation, physical or chemical pollution in the air, water and soil. However,
many of the processes and phenomena that fall into this category can be “drivers” of hazard and risk rather than
hazards themselves (e.g. soil degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, sea level rise). With respect to drinking
water, ‘hazard’ can be understood as a microbiological, chemical, physical or radiological agent that causes harm
to human health. Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes (e.g. earthquakes,
volcanic activity, landslides, rockslides, mud flows). Hydrometeorological hazards are of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic origin (e.g. cyclones, typhoons, hurricanes, floods, drought, heatwaves, cold
spells, and coastal storm surges). Hydrometeorological conditions can also be a factor in other hazards such
as landslides, wildland fires and epidemics. Technological hazards originate from industrial or technological
conditions, dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities (e.g. industrial pollution,
nuclear radiation, toxic waste, dam failures, transport accidents, factory explosions, fires, chemical spills).
[SOURCE: ISO 37123:2019, 3.3]
3.6
resilience
ability to absorb and adapt in a changing environment
Note 1 to entry: In the context of urban resilience the ability to absorb and adapt to a changing environment is
determined by the collective capacity to anticipate, prepare and respond to threats and opportunities by each
individual component of an urban system.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:2021, 3.1.206]
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
3.7
smart community infrastructure
community infrastructure (3.2) with enhanced technological performance that is designed, operated
and maintained to contribute to sustainable development and resilience (3.6) of the community (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 37156:2020, 3.1.4]
4 Basic concept and purposes of disaster risk reduction
4.1 General
Adopted at the UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015, the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) is an agreement that provides communities with
concrete actions to protect themselves from the risk of disasters. Four priorities for actions are
identified in the SFDRR:
— understanding disaster risk,
— strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk,
— investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience,
— enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” a term that
emerged during the SFDRR which refers to the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase.
The SFDRR identifies the need to incorporate the use of technologies that can collect information and
assist in disaster risk governance at various disaster phases. “In order to reduce disaster risk, there is
a need to address existing challenges and prepare for future ones by focusing on monitoring, assessing
and understanding disaster risk and sharing such information and on how it is created; strengthening
disaster risk governance and coordination across relevant institutions and sectors and the full and
meaningful participation of relevant stakeholders at appropriate levels; investing in the economic,
social, health, cultural and educational resilience of persons, communities and countries and the
environment, as well as through technology and research; and enhancing multi-hazard early warning
systems, preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. To complement national
action and capacity, there is a need to enhance international cooperation between developed and
developing countries and between States and international organizations" (SFDRR P.11).
By investing in these technologies, the SFDRR indicates that smart community infrastructure for
disaster risk reduction can lead to the reduction of casualties and damages during a disaster event
strengthen the resilience of the community’s livelihoods. “Public and private investment in disaster risk
prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures are essential to enhance the
economic, social, health and cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as
well as the environment. These can be drivers of innovation, growth and job creation. Such measures
are cost-effective and instrumental to save lives, prevent and reduce losses and ensure effective
recovery and rehabilitation" (SFDRR P.18).
The importance of standardization is highlighted in the SFDRR. “Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-
resilient public and private investments, particularly through structural, non-structural and functional
disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical facilities, in particular schools and hospitals
and physical infrastructures; building better from the start to withstand hazards through proper
design and construction, including the use of the principles of universal design and the standardization
of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing a culture of maintenance; and taking into
account economic, social, structural, technological and environmental impact assessments" (SFDRR
P.19). “Promoting the further development and dissemination of instruments, such as standards,
codes, operational guides and other guidance instruments, to support coordinated action in disaster
preparedness and response and facilitate information sharing on lessons learned and best practices for
policy practice and post-disaster reconstruction programmes" (SFDRR P.22).
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Through the creation of standards, this document hopes to disseminate information on global best
practices which can lead to the sharing and exchange of information between communities and
countries. “Promoting the further development of and investment in effective, nationally compatible,
regional multi-hazard early warning mechanisms, where relevant, in line with the Global Framework
for Climate Services, and facilitate the sharing and exchange of information across all countries (SFDRR
P.22). Promoting cooperation between academic, scientific and research entities and networks and the
private sector to develop new products and services to help to reduce disaster risk, in particular those
that would assist developing countries and their specific challenges (SFDRR P.20), and to disseminate
and share good practices internationally" (SFDRR P.16).
In order to guide the survey to identify global best practices in regard to smart community
infrastructure for disaster risk reduction, this document identifies key themes identified within the
SFDRR.
4.2 Disaster risk reduction planning
Disasters have demonstrated that the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, which needs
to be prepared ahead of a disaster, is a critical opportunity to “Build Back Better”, including through
integrating disaster risk reduction into development measures, making nations and communities
resilient to disasters (SFDRR P.21). However, addressing underlying disaster risk factors through
disaster risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance
on post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes to sustainable development (SFDRR P.13).
To encourage the establishment of necessary mechanisms and incentives to ensure high levels of
compliance with the existing safety-enhancing provisions of sectoral laws and regulations, including
those addressing land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and resource management
and health and safety standards, and update them, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on
disaster risk management (SFDRR P.17). To apply risk information in all its dimensions of vulnerability,
capacity and exposure of persons, communities, countries and assets, as well as hazard characteristics,
to develop and implement disaster risk reduction policies (SFDRR P.15).
4.3 Disaster research
Promoting investments in innovation and technology development in long-term, multi-hazard and
solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies
and social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks (SFDRR P.15).
Enhancing the development and dissemination of science-based methodologies and tools to record and
share disaster losses and relevant disaggregated data and statistics, as well as to strengthen disaster
risk modelling, assessment, mapping, monitoring and multi-hazard early warning systems (SFDRR
P.16).
4.4 Safer infrastructure
Strengthening, as appropriate, disaster-resilient public and private investments, particularly through
structural, non-structural and functional disaster risk prevention and reduction measures in critical
facilities, in particular schools and hospitals and physical infrastructures; building better from the
start to withstand hazards through proper design and construction, including the use of the principles
of universal design and the standardization of building materials; retrofitting and rebuilding; nurturing
a culture of maintenance; and taking into account economic, social, structural, technological and
environmental impact assessments (SFDRR P.19).
4.5 Human resource development
Building the knowledge of government officials at all levels, civil society, communities and volunteers,
as well as the private sector, through sharing experiences, lessons learned, good practices and
training and education on disaster risk reduction, including the use of existing training and education
mechanisms and peer learning (SFDRR P.15).
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ISO/TR 6030:2022(E)
Training the existing workforce and voluntary workers in disaster response and strengthen technical
and logistical capacities to ensure better response in emergencies (SFDRR P.21).
4.6 Stockpiling
Establishing community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary
materials to implement rescue and relief activities (SFDRR P.21).
4.7 Securing evacuation support
Strengthening the capacity of local authorities to evacuate persons living in disaster-prone areas
(SFDRR P.22).
4.8 Securing evacuation facilities
Promoting regular disaster preparedness, response and recovery exercises, including evacuation
drills, training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and
effective response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food
and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs (SFDRR P.21).
4.9 Procurement and supply of goo
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