ISO/IEC 17917:2024
(Main)Smart cities — Guidance to establishing a decision-making framework for sharing data and information services
Smart cities — Guidance to establishing a decision-making framework for sharing data and information services
This standard gives guidance on establishing a decision-making framework for sharing data and information services in smart cities. It covers: a) types of data in smart cities; b) establishing a data sharing culture; c) data value chain – roles and responsibilities; d) purposes for data use; e) assessing data states; f) defining access rights for data; and g) data formats/format of transportation. This standard aims to support the sharing of data and information services within cities. For some cities there will also be a need to establish specific data sharing agreements, particularly where data is being shared by multiple organizations at once. This standard supports a transparent approach to making decisions and creating specific data sharing agreements in order to fully realise the benefits and value of data and information services in a city. Missing data or misinterpretation of data can lead to the wrong actions being taken by city decision-makers. A decision-making framework for sharing data can help ensure that they have the best overall data on which to base decisions. This standard does not cover: a) national security issues; b) good practice for use of data by the citizen; c) existing interoperability agreements between cities; d) defining application programming interfaces (API) networks; or e) any data sharing rules and regulations specific to a particular jurisdiction. It is assumed that a security-minded approach to data sharing is used by cities. NOTE 1 Further details on the areas not covered in this standard, including information on relevant standards publications, are given in Annex A. This standard is for use by decision-makers in smart cities from the public, private and third sectors. It is also of interest to any city organization wishing to share data.
Villes intelligentes — Recommandations pour l'établissement d'un cadre décisionnel pour le partage des données et des services d'information
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International
Standard
ISO/IEC 17917
First edition
Smart cities — Guidance to
2024-06
establishing a decision-making
framework for sharing data and
information services
Villes intelligentes — Recommandations pour l'établissement
d'un cadre décisionnel pour le partage des données et des services
d'information
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database
available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document is based on BSI (British Standards Institution) (as BSI PAS 183:2017) and drafted in accordance
with its editorial rules. It was assigned to Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
and adopted under the “fast-track procedure”.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
Contents
Foreword v
0 Introduction vi
1 Scope 1
2 Terms and definitions 1
3 Data Sharing 2
4 Types of data 3
5 Establishing a data sharing culture 10
6 Data protection reform 14
7 Data value chain 16
8 Purposes for data use 21
9 Assessing data states 24
10 Defining access rights for data 26
11 Data structure 29
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Case Studies 31
Bibliography 44
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International
Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.
National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of
International Standards through technical committees established by the respective
organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further
maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different
approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document
was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received
(see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent declarations received (see
http://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and
does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms
and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's
adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to
Trade (TBT) see www.iso .org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, as a fast track
draft standard.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national
standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
v
0 Introduction
0.1 General
The term “smart city” denotes the effective integration of physical, digital and human
systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive
future for its citizens. A basic assumption in the design of a smart city is the ability of
the physical and digital systems to be interoperable. This standard gives governance
guidance for decision-makers on establishing a decision-making framework for sharing
city data and creating interoperable information services.
Data has the ability to transform the city and its services, providing visibility on the
services available, and supporting citizen interactions with those services. Improving
the design and integration of city services can serve the public better and drive
innovation and efficiencies.
This standard aims to support data sharing in cities and between cities, and the
establishment of data sharing agreements, particularly where data is being shared by
multiple organizations to transform the delivery of city services.
Missing data or misinterpretation of data can lead to the wrong actions being taken by
city decision-makers. A decision-making framework for sharing data can help ensure
that they have the best overall data ecosystem on which to base decisions.
Sharing data across a city requires more than the interoperability covered by the smart
city concept model (SCCM) defined in ISO/IEC 30182, which focuses by necessity on the
semantics of data in a city. Full data interoperability requires a
data framework to be created across the entire spectrum of data for a city: open,
closed and shared data.
This standard builds on the integrated operating model defined in ISO/IEC 37106:2021
and assumes that the governance of a smart city programme and the overall
management of the city’s data assets has been understood and agreed upon by city
leaders and decision-makers from the organizations delivering city services.
The value of data sharing has yet to be explored by cities, as data is predominantly
currently used for a specific purpose related to the public task, additionally data
is not viewed as an essential city asset which can be used to transform a city. Data can
also provide the basis for new commercial models in smart cities.
This standard defines the data framework for sharing city data to enable discussions
between the specialists who build and design the physical and digital services and the
decision-makers using data to transform their city.
This standard is for use by decision-makers in smart cities from the public, private and
third sectors. It is also of interest to any city organization wishing to share data.
It is expected that each city will create a decision-making framework based on this
standard to address its own challenges and opportunities, taking into account the
priorities and needs of their city. The creation of a data ecosystem based on the
interoperability and data sharing principles in this standard could create data assets
that are used to improve the quality of life for citizens and create sustainable
commercial models to fund innovation.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
vi
0.2 Relationship to other smart city standardization documents
0.2.1 ISO 37106
This standard has been built on the guidance in ISO 37106, Sustainable cities and
communities – Guidance on establishing smart city operating models for sustainable
communities . The particular components of a smart city framework which apply are:
a) [B2] Transforming the city’s operating model with particular reference to the
governance model developed and any vulnerabilities of both data and city services;
b) [B6] Establishing a common terminology and reference model; and
c) [B10] Identity and privacy management.
This standard is guidance to help with the implementation of these components of the
smart city framework.
0.2.2 ISO/IEC 30182
The smart city concept model (SCCM) described in ISO/IEC 30182, Smart city concept
model – Guide to establishing a model for data interoperability addresses the data
interoperability issues that arise as a result of each sector and/or service in a city
having its own model and terminology that it uses for data. This standard defines the
data framework that addresses the other areas that affect interoperability, such as
access rights, privacy, availability and formats. These other areas are also barriers to
interoperability and portability which impact the design of the physical and digital
services.
This standard addresses the barriers other than the semantics addressed in ISO/IEC
30182 , to enable data interoperability and portability, and the sharing of data and
information services in a smart city.
The data framework identifies all elements which will be needed to deliver the four
key types of insight when data and services are appropriately shared:
operational, critical, analytical and strategic insight. (See ISO/IEC 30182:2017, Clause
0).
0.3 Relationship to building information modelling (BIM) standards
The following documents are considered to be the foundational standardization
documents to be used as part of a whole lifecycle approach to the built environment for
BIM Level 2 in smart cities.
This standard assumes that the ISO 19650 series is used for all BIM Level 2 building and
infrastructure assets in a smart city and that asset procuring organizations use them as
part of their overall digital and smart strategies.
• ISO 19650-1, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 1: Concepts and Principles;
• ISO 19650-2, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 2: Delivery phase of the
assets;
• ISO 19650-3, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 3: Operational phase of the
assets;
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
vii
• ISO 19650-4, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 4: Information exchange;
• ISO 19650-5, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 5: Security-minded
approach to information management.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
viii
1 Scope
This standard gives guidance on establishing a decision-making framework for sharing
data and information services in smart cities.
It covers:
a) types of data in smart cities;
b) establishing a data sharing culture;
c) data value chain – roles and responsibilities;
d) purposes for data use;
e) assessing data states;
f) defining access rights for data; and
g) data formats/format of transportation.
This standard aims to support the sharing of data and information services within cities.
For some cities there will also be a need to establish specific data sharing agreements,
particularly where data is being shared by multiple organizations at once.
This standard supports a transparent approach to making decisions and creating specific
data sharing agreements in order to fully realise the benefits and value of data and
information services in a city.
Missing data or misinterpretation of data can lead to the wrong actions being taken by
city
...
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/IEC FDIS
ISO/IEC JTC 1
Smart cities — Guidance to
Secretariat: ANSI
establishing a decision-making
Voting begins on:
framework for sharing data and
2024-03-29
information services
Voting terminates on:
2024-05-24
Villes intelligentes — Recommandations pour l'établissement
d'un cadre décisionnel pour le partage des données et des services
d'information
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
FAST TRACK PROCEDURE
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 17917:2024(en) © ISO/IEC 2024
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/IEC FDIS 17917:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC FDIS
ISO/IEC JTC 1
Smart cities — Guidance to
Secretariat: ANSI
establishing a decision-making
Voting begins on:
framework for sharing data and
information services
Voting terminates on:
Villes intelligentes — Recommandations pour l'établissement
d'un cadre décisionnel pour le partage des données et des services
d'information
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO/IEC 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
FAST TRACK PROCEDURE
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 17917:2024(en) © ISO/IEC 2024
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database
available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document is based on BSI (British Standards Institution) (as BSI PAS 183:2017) and drafted in accordance
with its editorial rules. It was assigned to Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
and adopted under the “fast-track procedure”.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
Contents
Foreword v
0 Introduction vi
1 Scope 1
2 Terms and definitions 1
3 Data Sharing 2
4 Types of data 3
5 Establishing a data sharing culture 10
6 Data protection reform 14
7 Data value chain 16
8 Purposes for data use 21
9 Assessing data states 24
10 Defining access rights for data 26
11 Data structure 29
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Case Studies 31
Bibliography 44
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International
Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.
National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of
International Standards through technical committees established by the respective
organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical
committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further
maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different
approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document
was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received
(see www.iso.org/patents) or the IEC list of patent declarations received (see
http://patents.iec.ch).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and
does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms
and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's
adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to
Trade (TBT) see www.iso .org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, as a fast track
draft standard.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national
standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
v
0 Introduction
0.1 General
The term “smart city” denotes the effective integration of physical, digital and human
systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive
future for its citizens. A basic assumption in the design of a smart city is the ability of
the physical and digital systems to be interoperable. This standard gives governance
guidance for decision-makers on establishing a decision-making framework for sharing
city data and creating interoperable information services.
Data has the ability to transform the city and its services, providing visibility on the
services available, and supporting citizen interactions with those services. Improving
the design and integration of city services can serve the public better and drive
innovation and efficiencies.
This standard aims to support data sharing in cities and between cities, and the
establishment of data sharing agreements, particularly where data is being shared by
multiple organizations to transform the delivery of city services.
Missing data or misinterpretation of data can lead to the wrong actions being taken by
city decision-makers. A decision-making framework for sharing data can help ensure
that they have the best overall data ecosystem on which to base decisions.
Sharing data across a city requires more than the interoperability covered by the smart
city concept model (SCCM) defined in ISO/IEC 30182, which focuses by necessity on the
semantics of data in a city. Full data interoperability requires a
data framework to be created across the entire spectrum of data for a city: open,
closed and shared data.
This standard builds on the integrated operating model defined in ISO/IEC 37106:2021
and assumes that the governance of a smart city programme and the overall
management of the city’s data assets has been understood and agreed upon by city
leaders and decision-makers from the organizations delivering city services.
The value of data sharing has yet to be explored by cities, as data is predominantly
currently used for a specific purpose related to the public task, additionally data
is not viewed as an essential city asset which can be used to transform a city. Data can
also provide the basis for new commercial models in smart cities.
This standard defines the data framework for sharing city data to enable discussions
between the specialists who build and design the physical and digital services and the
decision-makers using data to transform their city.
This standard is for use by decision-makers in smart cities from the public, private and
third sectors. It is also of interest to any city organization wishing to share data.
It is expected that each city will create a decision-making framework based on this
standard to address its own challenges and opportunities, taking into account the
priorities and needs of their city. The creation of a data ecosystem based on the
interoperability and data sharing principles in this standard could create data assets
that are used to improve the quality of life for citizens and create sustainable
commercial models to fund innovation.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
vi
0.2 Relationship to other smart city standardization documents
0.2.1 ISO 37106
This standard has been built on the guidance in ISO 37106, Sustainable cities and
communities – Guidance on establishing smart city operating models for sustainable
communities . The particular components of a smart city framework which apply are:
a) [B2] Transforming the city’s operating model with particular reference to the
governance model developed and any vulnerabilities of both data and city services;
b) [B6] Establishing a common terminology and reference model; and
c) [B10] Identity and privacy management.
This standard is guidance to help with the implementation of these components of the
smart city framework.
0.2.2 ISO/IEC 30182
The smart city concept model (SCCM) described in ISO/IEC 30182, Smart city concept
model – Guide to establishing a model for data interoperability addresses the data
interoperability issues that arise as a result of each sector and/or service in a city
having its own model and terminology that it uses for data. This standard defines the
data framework that addresses the other areas that affect interoperability, such as
access rights, privacy, availability and formats. These other areas are also barriers to
interoperability and portability which impact the design of the physical and digital
services.
This standard addresses the barriers other than the semantics addressed in ISO/IEC
30182 , to enable data interoperability and portability, and the sharing of data and
information services in a smart city.
The data framework identifies all elements which will be needed to deliver the four
key types of insight when data and services are appropriately shared:
operational, critical, analytical and strategic insight. (See ISO/IEC 30182:2017, Clause
0).
0.3 Relationship to building information modelling (BIM) standards
The following documents are considered to be the foundational standardization
documents to be used as part of a whole lifecycle approach to the built environment for
BIM Level 2 in smart cities.
This standard assumes that the ISO 19650 series is used for all BIM Level 2 building and
infrastructure assets in a smart city and that asset procuring organizations use them as
part of their overall digital and smart strategies.
• ISO 19650-1, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 1: Concepts and Principles;
• ISO 19650-2, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 2: Delivery phase of the
assets;
• ISO 19650-3, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil
engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) – Information
management using building information modelling – Part 3: Operational phase of the
assets;
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
vii
-----------------
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