ISO 10406-1:2025
(Main)Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test methods — Part 1: FRP bars
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test methods — Part 1: FRP bars
This document specifies test methods applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement or pre-stressing tendons in concrete, including physical, mechanical, durability, and long-term properties. FRP bars in this document are made of fibre and resin matrix. Types of fibres are aramid fibre, basalt fibre, carbon fibre or glass fibre. The matrix includes thermosetting resins, such as vinylester, unsaturated polyester resins, as well as thermoplastic resins, including polypropylene, polyamides, and polymethyl methacrylate.
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International
Standard
ISO 10406-1
Third edition
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
2025-09
reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods —
Part 1:
FRP bars
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definition, and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.2 Symbols .4
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 5
5 Test method for physical properties . 6
5.1 Cross-sectional area .6
5.1.1 Test pieces .6
5.1.2 Test procedure.6
5.1.3 Calculations . .7
5.1.4 Test report .7
5.2 Fibre volume fraction .8
5.2.1 Test pieces .8
5.2.2 Test procedure.8
5.2.3 Calculations . .8
5.2.4 General .8
5.2.5 Fibre content .9
5.2.6 Fibre volume fraction .9
5.2.7 Test report .9
5.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion .10
5.3.1 Test pieces .10
5.3.2 Testing device .10
5.3.3 Test method .10
5.3.4 Calculations . .11
5.3.5 Test report .11
6 Test method for short-term mechanical properties .12
6.1 Tensile properties . 12
6.1.1 Test pieces . 12
6.1.2 Test equipment . 12
6.1.3 Test procedure. 13
6.1.4 Test temperature . 13
6.1.5 Calculations . . 13
6.1.6 Test report . 15
6.2 Bond strength .16
6.2.1 Test pieces .16
6.2.2 Testing machine and devices .18
6.2.3 Test method .18
6.2.4 Calculations . .19
6.2.5 Test report .19
6.3 Anchorages and couplers .21
6.3.1 Test pieces .21
6.3.2 Test temperature . 22
6.3.3 Test method . 22
6.3.4 Calculations . . 22
6.3.5 Test report . 22
6.4 Transverse shear strength . 23
6.4.1 Test pieces . 23
6.4.2 Testing machine and devices .24
6.4.3 Test temperature . .24
6.4.4 Test method .24
iii
6.4.5 Calculations . . 25
6.4.6 Test report . 25
6.5 Flexural tensile properties . 26
6.5.1 Test pieces . 26
6.5.2 Testing unit and devices . 26
6.5.3 Test method .27
6.5.4 Calculations . .27
6.5.5 Test report . 28
7 Test method for durability .29
7.1 Alkali resistance . 29
7.1.1 Test pieces . 29
7.1.2 Immersion in alkaline solution . 30
7.1.3 External appearance and mass change . 30
7.1.4 Tensile method .31
7.1.5 Calculations .
...
International
Standard
ISO 10406-1
Third edition
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods —
Part 1:
FRP bars
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definition, and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definition .1
3.2 Symbols .4
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 5
5 Test method for physical properties . 6
5.1 Cross-sectional area .6
5.1.1 Test pieces .6
5.1.2 Test procedure.6
5.1.3 Calculations . .7
5.1.4 Test report .7
5.2 Fibre volume fraction .8
5.2.1 Test pieces .8
5.2.2 Test procedure.8
5.2.3 Calculations . .8
5.2.4 General .8
5.2.5 Fibre content .9
5.2.6 Fibre volume fraction .9
5.2.7 Test report .9
5.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion .10
5.3.1 Test pieces .10
5.3.2 Testing device .10
5.3.3 Test method .10
5.3.4 Calculations . .11
5.3.5 Test report .11
6 Test method for short-term mechanical properties .12
6.1 Tensile properties . 12
6.1.1 Test pieces . 12
6.1.2 Test equipment . 12
6.1.3 Test procedure. 13
6.1.4 Test temperature . 13
6.1.5 Calculations . . 13
6.1.6 Test report . 15
6.2 Bond strength .16
6.2.1 Test pieces .16
6.2.2 Testing machine and devices .18
6.2.3 Test method .18
6.2.4 Calculations . .19
6.2.5 Test report .19
6.3 Anchorages and couplers .21
6.3.1 Test pieces .21
6.3.2 Test temperature . 22
6.3.3 Test method . 22
6.3.4 Calculations . . 22
6.3.5 Test report . 22
6.4 Transverse shear strength . 23
6.4.1 Test pieces . 23
6.4.2 Testing machine and devices .24
6.4.3 Test temperature . .24
6.4.4 Test method .24
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
6.4.5 Calculations . . 25
6.4.6 Test report . 25
6.5 Flexural tensile properties . 26
6.5.1 Test pieces . 26
6.5.2 Testing unit and devices . 26
6.5.3 Test method .27
6.5.4 Calculations . .27
6.5.5 Test report . 28
7 Test method for durability .29
7.1 Alkali resistance . 29
7.1.1 Test pieces . 29
7.1.2 Immersion in alkaline solution . 30
7.1.3 External appearance and mass change . 30
7.1.4 Tensile method .31
7.1.5 Calculations .
...
ISO/PRF 10406-1
ISO/TC 71/SC 6
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2025-07-11
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods —
Part 1:
FRP bars
PROOF
ISO/PRF 10406-1:2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/PRF 10406-1:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definition, and symbols . 7
3.1 Terms and definition . 7
3.2 Symbols . 12
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 27
5 Test method for physical properties . 28
5.1 Cross-sectional area . 28
5.2 Fibre volume fraction . 1
5.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion . 3
6 Test method for short-term mechanical properties . 6
6.1 Tensile properties . 6
6.2 Bond strength . 10
6.3 Anchorages and couplers . 15
6.4 Transverse shear strength . 18
6.5 Flexural tensile properties . 20
7 Test method for durability . 23
7.1 Alkali resistance . 23
8 Test method for long-term mechanical properties . 26
8.1 Long-term relaxation . 26
8.2 Tensile fatigue strength . 29
8.3 Creep rupture strength . 31
iii
ISO/PRF 10406-1:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 6, Non-traditional reinforcing materials for concrete structures.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10406-1:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— inclusion of thermoplastic resin for FRP bars;
— addition of the test method for fibre volume fraction of FRP bars;
— revision of test methods for alkaline resistance, long-term relaxation, tensile fatigue strength, and creep
failure strength to enhance rigor and comprehensiveness;
— increase in the minimum number of test specimens from 3 to 5 for all test methods to ensure data
reliability.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10406 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/PRF 10406-1:2025(en)
Introduction
Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, renowned for their high strength, lightweight nature, excellent bond
behaviour, and superior durability, serve a pivotal role in reinforcing new constructions and rehabilitating
existing reinforced concrete structures. As the global use of FRP bars continues to expand, the need for
standardized test methods has become paramount. Unlike steel, FRP bars exhibit anisotropic behaviour and
their performance is influenced by the type of fibres, resin matrix, and manufacturing processes. As such,
rigorous and consistent test methods are essential to accurately evaluate the physical properties, mechanical
properties, long-term durability, and reliability of FRP bars in various environmental and loading conditions.
This document provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the physical properties, mechanical
properties, durability, and long-term performance of FRP bars. It aims to promote uniformity in test methods
globally, thereby ensuring consistency in product quality and facilitating international trade. By establishing
these test methods, this document supports engineers, manufacturers, and regulators in the design,
production, and certification of FRP reinforcement systems for safe and sustainable infrastructure.
v
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test methods —
Part 1:
FRP bars
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods application to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as reinforcement or pre-stressing tendons in concrete, including physical,
mechanical, durability, and long-term properties.
FRP bars in this document are made of fibre and resin matrix. Types of fibres are aramid fibre, basalt fibre, carbon fibre or glass fibre. The matrix includes thermosetting
resins, such as vinylester, unsaturated polyester resins, as well as thermoplastic resins, including polypropylene, polyamides, and polymethyl methacrylate.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only
the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291:2008, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external
measurements
ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware — Graduated measuring cylinders
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and
verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1: Design and metrological characteristics of callipers
Template for comments and secretariat observations Date:2025-05-02 Document: Project:
MB/ Line Clause/ Paragraph/ Type of Comments Proposed change Observations of Responses
1 2
NC number Subclause Figure/Table comment the secretariat
3 Terms, definition, and symbols
3.1 Terms and definition
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
average load
average of the maximum and minimum repeated load
3.1.2
bending angle
angle formed by the straight sections of a test piece on either side of the deflector
1 MB = Member body / NC = National Committee (enter the ISO 3166 two-letter country code, e.g. CN for China; comments from the ISO/CS editing unit are identified by **)
2 Type of comment: ge = general te = technical ed = editorial
Page 7 of 65
3.1.3
bending diameter ratio
ratio of the external diameter of the deflector surface in contact with the fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bar, and the nominal diameter of the fibre-reinforced polymer
(FRP) bar
3.1.4
bending tensile capacity
tensile load at the moment of failure of the test piece
3.1.5
coefficient of thermal expansion
average coefficient of linear thermal expansion between given temperatures
Note 1 to entry: The average of the given temperatures is taken as the representative temperature.
3.1.6
creep failure capacity
load causing failure after a specified period of time from the start of a sustained load
Note 1 to entry: In particular, the load causing failure after 1 million hours is referred to as the million-hour creep failure capacity.
3.1.7
creep failure strength
stress causing failure after a specified period of time from the start of a sustained load
Note 1 to entry: In particular, the load causing failure after 1 million hours is referred to as the million-hour creep failure strength.
3.1.8
creep failure time
time between the start of a sustained load and failure of a test piece
3.1.9
creep failure
failure occurring in a test piece due to a sustained load
Template for comments and secretariat observations Date:2025-05-02 Document: Project:
MB/ Line Clause/ Paragraph/ Type of Comments Proposed change Observations of Responses
1 2
NC number Subclause Figure/Table comment the secretariat
3.1.10
creep strain
differential change in length per unit length occurring in a test piece due to creep
3.1.11
creep
time-dependent deformation of a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bar subjected to a sustained load at a constant temperature
3.1.12
deflected section
section of a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bar which is bent and maintained at the required bending angle and bending diameter ratio
3.1.13
deflector
device used to maintain the position, alter the bending angle, or alleviate the stress concentrations in the fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bar; sometimes installed in the
deflected section
3.1.14
fatigue strength
maximum repeated stress at which the test piece does not fail at the prescribed number of cycles
1 MB = Member body / NC = National Committee (enter the ISO 3166 two-letter country code, e.g. CN for China; comments from the ISO/CS editing unit are identified by **)
2 Type of comment: ge = general te = technical ed = editorial
Page 9 of 65
3.1.15
f
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