ISO 21849:2006

Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product identification and traceability

ISO 21849:2006 specifies the requirements for a product identification and traceability schema for life cycle management of aircraft and space products/parts. It specifies the minimum essential identification information needed for traceability of a product for its life cycle. It also provides the data structures for use with automatic identification technologies that support product/part life cycle data management activities. ISO 21849:2006 defines a structure and rules for establishing a unique identifier for product/part identification and traceability. The rules and structure provide sufficient options to support various business practices. They provide the minimum amount of standardization required to support interoperability, improved business processes and efficiency across multiple users and applications of machine-readable media technologies. ISO 21849:2006 also defines and establishes repeatable processes to allow efficient exchange of product data for life cycle product/part traceability, configuration, reliability, maintenance, and product performance management purposes. It specifies the data carriers appropriate for representing the product data in a machine-readable form and associated dimensional and quality parameters. Industries or trading partners will need to develop specific implementation guidelines to employ the principles defined in ISO 21849:2006. Although primarily intended for aircraft and space products/parts, ISO 21849:2006 may be used for other products/parts where desired.

Aéronautique et espace — Données industrielles — Identification des produits et traçabilité

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 27-Nov-2006
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 20 - Aircraft and space vehicles
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 20 - Aircraft and space vehicles
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 04-Jan-2022

Relations

• Revised: ISO 21849:2022 - Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product identification and traceability
• Effective Date: 22-Mar-2018
• Revises: ISO/TS 21849:2003 - Aircraft — Integrated data processing materials management — Bar coding
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21849
First edition
2006-12-01

Aircraft and space — Industrial data —
Product identification and traceability
Aéronautique et espace — Données industrielles — Identification des
produits et traçabilité



Reference number
ISO 21849:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 21849:2006(E)
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Product/part identification and traceability process. 3
4.1 General provisions . 3
4.2 Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram . 4
4.3 Conformance classes. 5
5 Conformance Class 1 . 5
5.1 Purpose. 5
5.2 Detailed requirements . 6
6 Conformance Class 2 . 9
6.1 Purpose. 9
6.2 Detailed requirements . 10
6.3 Recommended process . 10
7 Data formats . 10
7.1 General. 10
7.2 Text Element Identifiers . 11
7.3 EAN.UCC Application Identifiers. 11
7.4 ASC MH10 Data Identifiers. 12
8 Product/part marking. 12
8.1 Direct. 12
8.2 Label or nameplate . 12
8.3 Marking symbology . 12
8.4 Marking layout. 13
8.5 Human translation . 14
8.6 Extended data content . 15
8.7 Limited marking space procedure . 16
8.8 General requirements for permanent product/part identification . 17
8.9 Detailed requirements for symbols. 17
Annex A (normative) Data dictionary: Essential data elements. 19
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary: Optional/other data elements. 28
Annex C (informative) Life cycle traceability. 46
Annex D (normative) EAN.UCC Application Identifier (AI) equivalencies. 48
Annex E (normative) ASC MH10 Data Identifier (DI) (codified in ISO/IEC 15418) equivalencies . 49
Annex F (normative) Encoding comparison. 51
Annex G (informative) Legacy part identification schema. 52
Annex H (informative) Data exchange. 53
Annex I (informative) RFID tag . 55
Annex J (informative) Quality level, directly marked matrix symbols . 57
Bibliography . 58
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 21849 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles.
This first edition of ISO 21849 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 21849:2003, which has been technically revised.
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
Introduction
The accuracy of data collected and exchanged by trading partners can be improved by using automatic
identification technologies in lieu of manual key entry. Automatic identification technologies include matrix
symbologies, linear bar code and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.
Employment of automatic identification technology provides an accurate, timely and efficient method of data
entry and facilitates data transfer and storage for computerized information management systems.
This International Standard defines and establishes a repeatable process and data structure for product
identification and traceability that supports life cycle management of a product regardless of ownership and
configuration changes. Use of the product identification and traceability guidelines described in this
International Standard will enable repeatable processes for error free data entry, part tracking, dispatch,
inventory, maintenance, import/export, detection of unapproved parts and repairs. Most importantly, a
repeatable process and data structure will allow industry partners to share data efficiently. The
macro-processes of product data management, asset management, configuration management, reliability and
maintenance management, and product performance management will be the direct beneficiaries of the
product identification and traceability schema defined in this International Standard.
Establishment of a common set of data and well-defined definitions and formats for product identification and
traceability provides the base on which to build specific requirements for the exchange of product life cycle
information. The specific requirements that the product identification and traceability schema defined in this
International Standard fulfils are as follows:
⎯ to provide a unique, permanent identification for the life of the product;
⎯ to provide a schema which meets engineering, operational, and logistics identification and traceability
needs;
⎯ to use machine-readable media to obtain accurate and timely data;
⎯ to provide a schema which is independent of marking, symbology and recording media technology; and
⎯ to provide a structure which allows data to be exchanged without the use of data mappers
(cross-reference/translation tables), throughout an enterprise and with trading partners, while taking
advantage of the World Wide Web.
The focus of this International Standard is industrial products within the aircraft and space sectors. Industrial
products have a life cycle measured in years, normally are repairable, often are upgraded to a new
configuration, and change of ownership over their life cycle is commonplace. Normally industrial products are
not sold in the retail marketplace.
The decision to use automated identification processes should be a cooperative effort by trading partners
within an industry and between industries to achieve more timely data input, data accuracy and the
achievement of increased productivity while concurrently decreasing costs.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21849:2006(E)

Aircraft and space — Industrial data — Product identification
and traceability
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for a product identification and traceability schema for
life cycle management of aircraft and space products/parts. It specifies the minimum essential identification
information needed for traceability of a product for its life cycle. It also provides the data structures for use with
automatic identification technologies that support product/part life cycle data management activities.
This International Standard defines a structure and rules for establishing a unique identifier for product/part
identification and traceability. The rules and structure provide sufficient options to support various business
practices. They provide the minimum amount of standardization required to support interoperability, improved
business processes and efficiency across multiple users and applications of machine-readable media
technologies.
This International Standard also defines and establishes repeatable processes to allow efficient exchange of
product data for life cycle product/part traceability, configuration, reliability, maintenance, and product
performance management purposes.
It specifies the data carriers appropriate for representing the product data in a machine-readable form and
associated dimensional and quality parameters.
Industries or trading partners will need to develop specific implementation guidelines to employ the principles
defined in this International Standard.
Although primarily intended for aircraft and space products/parts, this International Standard may be used for
other products/parts where desired.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and
times
ISO 10303-239, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 239: Application protocol: Product life cycle support
ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code
print quality test specification — Two-dimensional symbols
ISO/IEC 15416, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code
print quality test specification — Linear symbols
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
ISO/IEC 15417, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code
symbology specification — Code 128
ISO/IEC 15418, Information technology — EAN/UCC Application Identifiers and Fact Data Identifiers and
Maintenance
ISO/IEC 15434, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Syntax for
high-capacity ADC media
ISO/IEC 15459 (all parts), Information technology — Unique identifiers
ISO/IEC 16022, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data
Matrix bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 16388, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code
symbology specifications — Code 39
ISO/IEC 18004, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — QR Code
2005 bar code symbology specification
ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC
ISO/IEC 19762-2, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 2: Optically readable media (ORM)
Common Support Data Dictionary (CSDD), Air Transport Association
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C
General EAN.UCC Specifications, EAN International
SAE AS9132 (EN9132) (SJAC9132), Data Matrix Quality Requirements for Parts Marking
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-2 and
the following apply.
3.1
alphanumeric character set
character set that contains both letters and digits and may contain special characters
[ISO/IEC 2382-4]
3.2
conformance class
category of data representation specified in terms of the variability allowed for the data content
3.3
data delimiter
character or set of characters which separates data elements in a string of data elements
3.4
Enterprise Identifier
code uniquely assigned to an enterprise by an issuing agency that is assigned by the registration authority of
ISO/IEC 15459
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
3.5
forward oblique stroke
/
special character (character value 47 in ISO 646) used to separate data elements in a data string
3.6
in-service product/part
product/part for which the original manufacturing process, including application of the identification symbology,
has been completed and which is no longer an asset of the manufacturer or portion of the enterprise which
owns the manufacturing process
3.7
limited marking space
space available on the product/part which is insufficient for a machine-readable symbol and associated human
translation representing the essential data for the conformance class
3.8
optional data
data which is not essential to provide a unique identifier for product/part identification or configuration
management/control (part number), but provides supplementary information relative to the product/part
NOTE Traceability data are an example of optional data.
3.9
syntax
set of rules defining the way in which data is put together with appropriate identifiers, delimiters, separator
character(s), and other non-data characters to form messages
NOTE Equivalent to grammar in spoken language.
3.10
Text Element Identifier
TEI
string of four characters (three upper-case alpha characters followed by a space character) that precedes a
given data field and defines the data that follow
4 Product/part identification and traceability process
4.1 General provisions
In order that automated processes can be used to identify and facilitate “cradle to grave” traceability of
products/parts, a product identification and traceability schema is defined in this International Standard.
The use of Text Element Identifiers is the preferred semantic for use in this process. EAN.UCC Application
Identifiers or ASC MH10 Data Identifiers may be used with trading partner agreement.
The standard data and formats described herein are structured to be compatible/interoperable with most types
of machine-readable media and human translation. Standard data formats for the identification of both new
and in-service products/parts are provided. The use of two conformance classes allows the product
identification schema to be widely employed.
The architecture of unique identification using a single data construct is defined in ISO/IEC 15459.
The applicable character set to be used for data encoding shall be the International Reference Version (IRV)
of ISO/IEC 646.
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
For direct part marking, Data Matrix (in accordance with ISO/IEC 16022) or QR Code (in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18004) shall be used. Direct part marking is considered the most permanent of the machine-readable
media techniques for providing life cycle identification of products/parts.
NOTE Unless otherwise stated, this document uses the term “matrix symbol” to refer to both Data Matrix and
QR Code symbols.
For labelling or nameplates, either a matrix symbol, as above, or linear bar codes, namely Code 128 (in
accordance with ISO/IEC 15417) or Code 39 (in accordance with ISO/IEC 16388) shall be used.
This International Standard makes provision for the use of RFID tags for the representation of both static and
dynamic data in a tag affixed to the part, to enable additional operational processes to be performed.
This International Standard also provides a legacy product/part identification schema, which is defined in
Annex G.
4.2 Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram
Figure 1 below is a decision tree diagram which illustrates
⎯ the product/part identification and traceability schema,
⎯ the three essential product/part identification data elements, and
⎯ the difference between a serialized and a non-serialized product/part.

a
Permanent identification which shall be used for a lot of products/parts.
Figure 1 — Product/part identification and traceability decision tree diagram
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
Permanent identification for the life cycle of the product/part includes both the enterprise identification and the
Serial or Lot Number contained in a matrix symbol or on a label. The product/part identification (part number),
which is used primarily for configuration management, is in a separate/second matrix symbol or on a
separate/second label. This schema allows the Product/Part Identification Number to be updated when the
form, fit or function changes without altering the permanent identification matrix symbol or label.
4.3 Conformance classes
Permanent machine-readable media product/part identification has two approaches to the representation of
data, known as conformance classes. The conformance classes shall apply to direct part marking, labels,
nameplates, RFID tags and other forms of machine-readable media. The data elements associated with the
two conformance classes are specified in Tables 1 and 2. Any stream of data complying with a conformance
class specified in Table 1 or Table 2 may be input to product life cycle processes and be represented in
machine-readable media.
Conformance Class 1 is the approach using only specified TEI data elements. Using specified well-defined
data elements will minimize transmission, storage and retrieval times. Trading partners may agree on adding
additional traceability data elements. Conformance Class 1 is intended for those products/parts which require
life cycle traceability for decades; for example, industrial products like aircraft, ships, turbine engines and
conveyance power generation equipment.
Conformance Class 2 provides a more flexible approach which could require more marking space and time to
exchange data than Conformance Class 1. Conformance Class 2 provides examples of Product/Part
Identifiers to be used in place of the precisely defined standardized data elements in Conformance Class 1.
Conformance Class 2 is intended for use by trading partners who have Product/Part Identifiers already in
place; for example, aircraft or ship hull number for which a business case cannot be made to change to
Conformance Class 1 specific identification requirements. Trading partners shall agree on the Product/Part
Identifiers to be used for Conformance Class 2, and may agree on additional data elements.
Trading partners will need to agree which conformance class to employ in order to obtain interoperability
between multiple users, but Conformance Class 1 shall be the default if no agreement is in place.
5 Conformance Class 1
5.1 Purpose
Conformance Class 1 is an approach using only specified TEI data elements for product identification. It
provides both for the identification of products and parts that are serialized and for the identification of those
that are identified by lot.
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
5.2 Detailed requirements
Table 1 — Conformance Class 1
Essential data
Data element TEI Valid values/size
a, b
Enterprise Identifier
c
CAG 5 characters, alphanumeric
CAGE/NCAGE
DUN 9 characters, numeric
DUNS
EUC 6 to 13 characters, numeric
EAN.UCC

a, d, e
Unique Product/Part Serial Number
SER 1 to 15 characters, alphanumeric
(for serialized products/parts only)
e
Enterprise Lot Number
LTN 1 to 15 characters, alphanumeric
(for products/parts identified by lot only)
f
Current Product/Part Identifier PNR 1 to 15 characters, alphanumeric
Optional data
g
Traceability element(s) To be determined by trading partners

a
Permanent identification is the combination of the Enterprise Identifier and the Unique Product/Part Serial Number within the
Enterprise Identifier. When using CAGE/NCAGE as the Enterprise Identifier, space may be saved by using a combined element. For a
new product/part, the combined element TEI is USN (Universal Serial Number); for an in-service product/part, the combined element
TEI is UST (Universal Serial Tracking Number).

b
Selection of the Enterprise Identifier(s) to be used shall be determined by the trading partners.

c
Where employed in existing applications, MFR shall be considered equal to CAG. As business conditions permit, MFR should be
phased out in favour of CAG.

d
Unique Product/Part Serial Number (SER) shall be assigned by the original manufacturer and shall be unique within the Enterprise
Identifier of the manufacturer. If the serialization is being accomplished by an organization other than the original manufacturer, the TEI
for Unique Component Identification Number (UCN) shall be used.

e
SER shall be used for parts which are serialized and LTN for those which are identified by lot number. Only one of these TEIs shall
be used.

f
The Current Product/Part Identifier (PNR) shall be assigned by the organization responsible for configuration of the product/part.
The responsible organization is normally engineering. The Current Product/Part Identifier shall be assigned to one or more like units
which have the same form, fit and function. The Current Product/Part Identifier marking should be separate from the permanent
identification marking so that it can be updated over the life cycle of the part when the form, fit or function changes. For a non-serialized
part defined in an international/national standard, the part number should be assigned by the organization controlling the standard, e.g.
AIA, SAE, etc.

g
Traceability data element selection sequence precedence shall be as follows.
⎯ First, as identified and defined in this International Standard.
⎯ Second, as identified and defined in the Air Transport Association (ATA) Common Support Data Dictionary (CSDD).
For a listing of additional data elements, contact ATA at the following address:
Air Transport Association of America
SPEC 2000 Program
1301 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20004-1707
USA
Phone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]
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ISO 21849:2006(E)
5.2.1 New serialized product/part requirements
5.2.1.1 Required data elements
For a new product/part, the following data elements are required.
a) Permanent unique identification of the product/part throughout its life, in a matrix symbol, or on a data
plate/label, or in an RFID tag. This shall consist of
1) an Enterprise Identifier for the manufacturer (CAG, DUN or EUC) (see A.1, A.3 and A.4), followed by
2) a Unique Product/Part Serial Number (SER) (see A.7).
NOTE 1 When using CAGE/NCAGE as the Enterprise Identifier, space may be saved by using a combined element.
The combined element TEI is USN (see A.8).
b) Current Product/Part Identifier (PNR) (See A.2). This data element shall be in a second matrix symbol or
data plate/label to easily allow for necessary changes over the life of the part (see Figures 2 b) and 3 b)
for examples).
The Unique Product/Part Serial Number shall be a unique number within the manufacturer’s Enterprise
Identifier. The Unique Product/Part Serial Number shall remain constant during the life of the product/part,
even if the Current Product/Part Identifier is changed due to a form, fit or function change. Only the original
manufacturer shall use the Unique Product/Part Serial Number. All others shall use the Unique Component
Identification Number (UCN) (see A.6).
NOTE 2 Annexes D and E identify the equivalent Application Identifiers and Data Identifiers to use in the product/part
identification schema defined in this International Standard.
5.2.1.2 Optional traceability data elements
The optional traceability data elements shall be agreed between trading partners. When matrix symbols are
being used, the optional traceability data elements shall be contained in a separate matrix symbol (i.e. a third
symbol, addi
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