ISO/IEC 23090-12:2025

Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 12: MPEG immersive video

This document specifies the syntax, semantics and decoding processes for MPEG immersive video (MIV), as an extension of ISO/IEC 23090-5. It provides support for playback of a three-dimensional (3D) scene within a limited range of viewing positions and orientations, with 6 Degrees of Freedom (6DoF).

Technologies de l'information — Représentation codée de média immersifs — Partie 12: Vidéo immersive MPEG

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2025
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 01-Sep-2025
• Due Date: 14-Aug-2026
• Completion Date: 01-Sep-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 23090-12:2023 - Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 12: MPEG immersive video
• Effective Date: 19-Aug-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 23090-12
Second edition
Information technology — Coded
2025-09
representation of immersive media —
Part 12:
MPEG immersive video
Technologies de l'information — Représentation codée de média
immersifs —
Partie 12: Vidéo immersive MPEG
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Conventions . 4
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 4
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes . 5
7.1 General .5
7.2 V3C bitstream formats .5
7.3 NAL bitstream formats .5
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles .5
7.5 Mapping of views to V3C components .5
7.6 Sources and outputs .6
8 Syntax and semantics . 6
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . .6
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors .7
8.3 Syntax in tabular form .7
8.3.1 General syntax.7
8.3.2 V3C unit syntax .8
8.3.3 Byte alignment syntax .9
8.3.4 V3C parameter set syntax .9
8.3.5 NAL unit syntax . .9
8.3.6 Raw byte sequence payloads, trailing bits, and byte alignment syntax .9
8.3.7 Atlas tile data unit syntax .9
8.3.8 Supplemental enhancement information message syntax .9
8.3.9 V3C MIV extension syntax in tabular form.9
8.4 Semantics .19
8.4.1 General semantics .19
8.4.2 V3C MIV extension semantics .19
8.4.3 Order of V3C units and association to coded information . 35
9 Decoding process .35
9.1 General decoding process . 35
9.2 Atlas data decoding process . 35
9.2.1 General atlas data decoding process . 35
9.2.2 Decoding process for a coded atlas frame . 36
9.2.3 Atlas NAL unit decoding process . 36
9.2.4 Atlas tile header decoding process . 36
9.2.5 Decoding process for patch data units . 36
9.2.6 Decoding process of the block to patch map .37
9.2.7 Conversion of tile level patch information to atlas level patch information .37
9.3 Occupancy video decoding process . 38
9.4 Geometry video decoding process . 38
9.5 Attribute video decoding process . 39
9.6 Packed video decoding process . 39
9.7 Common atlas data decoding process. 39
9.7.1 General common atlas data decoding process. 39
9.7.2 Decoding process for a coded common atlas frame . 39
9.7.3 Common atlas NAL unit decoding process . . 39
9.7.4 Common atlas frame order count derivation process . . 39

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
9.7.5 Common atlas frame MIV extension decoding process . 40
9.8 Sub-bitstream extraction process . 48
9.8.1 General . 48
9.8.2 V3C unit extraction . 48
9.8.3 NAL unit extraction process . 48
9.8.4 Group extraction process . 49
10 Pre-reconstruction process .49
11 Reconstruction process .49
12 Post-reconstruction process .49
13 Adaptation process .49
14 Parsing process .49
Annex A (normative) Profiles, tiers, and levels .50
Annex B (informative) Post-decoding conversion to nominal video formats .64
Annex C (normative) Supplemental enhancement information .66
Annex D (normative) Volumetric usability information .87
Annex E (informative) Overview of the rendering processes.88
Bibliography .106

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different ty
...

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/IEC
FDIS
23090-12
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29
Information technology — Coded
Secretariat: JISC
representation of immersive
Voting begins on:
media —
2025-05-16
Part 12:
Voting terminates on:
2025-07-11
MPEG immersive video
Technologies de l'information — Représentation codée de média
immersifs —
Partie 12: Vidéo immersive MPEG
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090­12:2025(en) © ISO/IEC 2025

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC
FDIS
23090-12
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29
Information technology — Coded
Secretariat: JISC
representation of immersive media —
Voting begins on:
Part 12:
MPEG immersive video
Voting terminates on:
Technologies de l'information — Représentation codée de média
immersifs —
Partie 12: Vidéo immersive MPEG
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO/IEC 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090­12:2025(en) © ISO/IEC 2025

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Conventions . 4
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 4
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes . 5
7.1 General .5
7.2 V3C bitstream formats .5
7.3 NAL bitstream formats .5
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles .5
7.5 Mapping of views to V3C components .5
7.6 Sources and outputs .6
8 Syntax and semantics . 6
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . .6
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors .7
8.3 Syntax in tabular form .7
8.3.1 General syntax.7
8.3.2 V3C unit syntax .8
8.3.3 Byte alignment syntax .9
8.3.4 V3C parameter set syntax .9
8.3.5 NAL unit syntax . .9
8.3.6 Raw byte sequence payloads, trailing bits, and byte alignment syntax .9
8.3.7 Atlas tile data unit syntax .9
8.3.8 Supplemental enhancement information message syntax .9
8.3.9 V3C MIV extension syntax in tabular form.9
8.4 Semantics .19
8.4.1 General semantics .19
8.4.2 V3C MIV extension semantics .19
8.4.3 Order of V3C units and association to coded information . 35
9 Decoding process .35
9.1 General decoding process . 35
9.2 Atlas data decoding process . 35
9.2.1 General atlas data decoding process . 35
9.2.2 Decoding process for a coded atlas frame . 35
9.2.3 Atlas NAL unit decoding process . 35
9.2.4 Atlas tile header decoding process . 35
9.2.5 Decoding process for patch data units . 36
9.2.6 Decoding process of the block to patch map .37
9.2.7 Conversion of tile level patch information to atlas level patch information .37
9.3 Occupancy video decoding process . 38
9.4 Geometry video decoding process . 38
9.5 Attribute video decoding process . 38
9.6 Packed video decoding process . 38
9.7 Common atlas data decoding process. 38
9.7.1 General common atlas data decoding process. 38
9.7.2 Decoding process for a coded common atlas frame . 39
9.7.3 Common atlas NAL unit decoding process . . 39
9.7.4 Common atlas frame order count derivation process . . 39

© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2025(en)
9.7.5 Common atlas frame MIV extension decoding process . 39
9.8 Sub-bitstream extraction process . 48
9.8.1 General . 48
9.8.2 V3C unit extraction . 48
9.8.3 NAL unit extraction process . 48
9.8.4 Group extraction process . 48
10 Pre-reconstruction process .48
11 Reconstruction process .48
12 Post-reconstruction process .49
13 Adaptation process .49
14 Parsing process .49
Annex A (normative) Profiles, tiers, and levels .50
Annex B (informative) Post-decoding conversion to nominal video formats .64
Annex C (normative) Supplemental enhancement information .66
Annex D (normative) Volumetric usability information .
...

ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2025(en)
Date: 2025-02-07
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2025-04-30
Information technology — Coded representation of immersive
media —
Part 12:
MPEG immersive video
Technologies de l'information — Représentation codée de média immersifs — —
Partie 12: Vidéo immersive MPEG
FDIS stage
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2024(2E2025(en)
© ISO/IEC 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: [phone]
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . viii
Introduction . ix
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 Conventions . 5
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 5
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 V3C bitstream formats . 5
7.3 NAL bitstream formats . 5
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles . 6
7.5 Mapping of views to V3C components . 6
7.6 Sources and outputs . 8
8 Syntax and semantics . 8
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . 8
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors . 8
8.3 Syntax in tabular form . 8
8.3.1 General syntax . 8
8.3.2 V3C unit syntax . 11
8.3.3 Byte alignment syntax . 11
8.3.4 V3C parameter set syntax . 11
8.3.5 NAL unit syntax . 11
8.3.6 Raw byte sequence payloads, trailing bits, and byte alignment syntax . 11
8.3.7 Atlas tile data unit syntax . 11
8.3.8 Supplemental enhancement information message syntax . 11
8.3.9 V3C MIV extension syntax in tabular form . 11
8.4 Semantics . 23
8.4.1 General semantics . 23
8.4.2 V3C MIV extension semantics . 23
8.4.3 Order of V3C units and association to coded information . 43
9 Decoding process . 44
9.1 General decoding process . 44
9.2 Atlas data decoding process . 44
9.2.1 General atlas data decoding process . 44
9.2.2 Decoding process for a coded atlas frame . 44
9.2.3 Atlas NAL unit decoding process . 44
9.2.4 Atlas tile header decoding process . 44
9.2.5 Decoding process for patch data units . 44
9.2.6 Decoding process of the block to patch map . 47
9.2.7 Conversion of tile level patch information to atlas level patch information . 47
9.3 Occupancy video decoding process . 49
9.4 Geometry video decoding process . 49
9.5 Attribute video decoding process . 49
9.6 Packed video decoding process . 49
9.7 Common atlas data decoding process . 49
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2024(2E2025(en)
9.7.1 General common atlas data decoding process . 49
9.7.2 Decoding process for a coded common atlas frame . 49
9.7.3 Common atlas NAL unit decoding process . 50
9.7.4 Common atlas frame order count derivation process . 50
9.7.5 Common atlas frame MIV extension decoding process . 50
9.8 Sub-bitstream extraction process . 67
9.8.1 General . 67
9.8.2 V3C unit extraction . 67
9.8.3 NAL unit extraction process . 67
9.8.4 Group extraction process . 67
10 Pre-reconstruction process . 67
11 Reconstruction process . 67
12 Post-reconstruction process . 68
13 Adaptation process . 68
14 Parsing process . 68
Annex A (normative) Profiles, tiers, and levels . 69
Annex B (informative) Post-decoding conversion to nominal video formats . 87
Annex C (normative) Supplemental enhancement information . 89
Annex D (normative) Volumetric usability information . 116
Annex E (informative) Overview of the rendering processes . 117
Bibliography . 146

Foreword . vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Conventions . 5
6 Overall V3C characteristics, decoding operations, and post-decoding processes . 5
7 Bitstream format, partitioning, and scanning processes . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 V3C bitstream formats . 5
7.3 NAL bitstream formats . 5
7.4 Partitioning of atlas frames into tiles . 5
7.5 Mapping of views to V3C components . 5
7.6 Sources and outputs . 7
8 Syntax and semantics . 7
8.1 Method of specifying syntax in tabular form . 7
8.2 Specification of syntax functions and descriptors . 7
8.3 Syntax in tabular form . 7
iv © ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
© ISO/IEC 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/IEC FDIS 23090-12:2025(en)
8.3.1 General syntax . 7
8.3.2 V3C unit syntax . 8
8.3.3 Byte alignment syntax .
...