SIST EN 14960:2007
(Main)Inflatable play equipment - Safety requirements and test methods
Inflatable play equipment - Safety requirements and test methods
This standard is applicable to inflatable play equipment intended for use by children fourteen years and under both individually and collectively.
This standard specifies safety requirements for inflatable play equipment for which the primary activities are bouncing and sliding. It sets measures to address risks and also minimize accidents to users for those involved in the design, manufacture and supply of inflatable play equipment. It specifies information to be supplied with the equipment. The requirements have been laid down bearing in mind the risk factor based on available data.
This standard specifies the requirements that will protect a child from hazards that he or she may be unable to foresee when using the equipment as intended, or in a manner that can be reasonably anticipated.
This Standard is not applicable to inflatable water-borne play and leisure equipment, domestic inflatable toys, air-supported buildings, inflatables used solely for protection, inflatables used for rescue, or other types of inflatable toys where the primary activity is not bouncing or sliding.
Aufblasbare Spielgeräte - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Diese Norm legt sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen für aufblasbare Spielgeräte fest. Sie legt die geeigneten Maßnahmen für die Handhabung der Gefahren und Verringerung von Unfällen der Benutzer fest, die von den mit der Konstruktion, Herstellung und Lieferung von aufblasbaren Spielgeräten befassten Stellen zu beachten sind. Diese Norm legt die mit den Spielgeräten mitzuliefernden Informationen fest. Die Anforderungen wurden unter Berücksichtigung des Risikofaktors, ausgehend von den verfügbaren Daten, festgelegt. Diese Norm gilt für aufblasbare Spielgeräte für den bestimmungsgemäßen und vorhersehbaren Gebrauch durch Kinder, entweder einzeln oder zu mehreren. Die Norm legt die Anforderungen fest, durch die das Kind vor den Gefahren geschützt wird, die es möglicherweise nicht vorhersehen kann, wenn es das Gerät bestimmungsgemäß oder wie vernünftigerweise vorhersehbar benutzt.
Diese Norm gilt nicht für aufblasbare schwimmende Spielgeräte, aufblasbare Spielgeräte für den privaten Gebrauch, Tragluftbauten und die nur als Schutz eingesetzten aufblasbaren Geräte oder andere, nicht zum Spielen verwendete Geräte.
Équipements de jeu gonflables - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai
La présente norme s’applique aux équipements de jeu gonflables destinés a etre utilisés par des enfants âgés de 14 ans ou moins, a titre individuel ou collectif.
La présente norme spécifie des exigences de sécurité relatives aux équipements de jeu gonflables permettant principalement aux enfants de rebondir et de glisser. Elle présente des mesures permettant de faire face aux risques et de réduire au minimum le nombre d’accidents d’utilisateurs, a l’intention des personnes impliquées dans la conception, la fabrication et la fourniture d’équipements de jeu gonflables. Elle spécifie les informations a fournir avec l’équipement. Les exigences ont été établies en tenant compte du facteur risque basé sur les données disponibles.
La présente norme spécifie les exigences qui permettront de protéger les enfants contre les risques qu’ils peuvent etre incapables de prévoir lors de l’utilisation adaptée de l’équipement ou d’une maniere qu’il est possible d’anticiper raisonnablement.
La présente norme ne s’applique pas aux structures gonflables ni aux équipements ludiques gonflables flottants, aux jouets gonflables domestiques, aux constructions pneumatiques, aux structures gonflables utilisées uniquement pour la protection, aux équipements gonflables utilisés pour le sauvetage, ni a d’autres types de jouets gonflables n’étant pas principalement destinés a permettre de rebondir ou de glisser.
Napihljiva igralna oprema – Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Inflatable play equipment - Safety requirements and test methodsNapihljiva igralna oprema – Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metodeÉquipements de jeu gonflables - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essaiAufblasbare Spielgeräte - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14960:2006SIST EN 14960:2007en;fr;de97.200.50,JUDþHToys97.190Otroška opremaEquipment for childrenICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14960:200701-marec-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14960November 2006ICS 97.190; 97.200.50 English VersionInflatable play equipment - Safety requirements and testmethodsÉquipements de jeux gonflables - Exigences de sécurité etméthodes d'essaiAufblasbare Spielgeräte - SicherheitstechnischeAnforderungen und PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14960:2006: E
EN 14960:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Safety requirements.9 4.1 Materials.9 4.1.1 Fabrics.9 4.1.2 Thread.9 4.1.3 Netting.10 4.1.4 Ropes.10 4.1.5 Zips.10 4.1.6 Dangerous substances and decorative finishes.11 4.2 Design.11 4.2.1 Anchorage.11 4.2.2 Structural Integrity.12 4.2.3 Access/egress.12 4.2.4 Blowers.15 4.2.5 Entrapment.15 4.2.6 Hard objects, sharp angles and edges.20 4.2.7 Electrical installations.20 4.2.8 Siting.20 4.2.9 Containment.23 4.2.10 Wall heights on slopes.24 4.2.11 Run-out.25 4.2.12 Ventilation.25 4.3 Number of users.25 4.4 Supervision.25 5 Test methods and reports.26 6 Information to be provided by the supplier/manufacturer.26 6.1 General product information.26 6.2 Pre-information.26 6.3 Installation information.26 6.4 Operating information.27 6.5 Inspection and maintenance information.27 7 Inspection, maintenance and alteration.28 7.1 Inspection.28 7.1.1 Routine Inspection.28 7.1.2 Annual inspection.28 7.2 Maintenance.29 7.2.1 General.29 7.2.2 Routine maintenance.29 7.2.3 Corrective maintenance.29 7.3 Alteration.29 8 Marking.30 9 Documentation.30 Annex A (normative)
Calculation of number of anchor-points.31 Annex B (informative)
The Beaufort Scale of wind force.32 Annex C (normative)
Test method for grounding.33 Annex D (normative)
Test methods for entrapment.34
EN 14960:2006 (E) 3 D.1 Tolerances.34 D.2 Head and neck entrapment in completely bound openings.35 D.2.1 Probes.35 D.2.2 Procedure.36 D.3 Head and neck entrapment in partially bound and V-shaped openings.36 D.3.1 Apparatus.36 D.3.2 Procedure.37 D.4 Entrapment of clothing.39 D.4.1 Apparatus (Figure D.5).39 D.4.2 Procedure.40 D.5 Entrapment of fingers.41 Annex E (normative)
Test method for tear strength.42 E.1 Maximum value tongue tear, apparatus.42 E.2 Preparation of test specimens.42 E.3 Conditioning.43 E.4 Preconditioning.43 E.5 Characteristics of test atmospheres.43 E.6 Methods of conditioning.43 E.7 Procedure.44 E.8 Calculation and expression of results.45 E.9 Test report.46 Bibliography.47
EN 14960:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14960:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and other recreational equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2007. It is not the purpose of the requirements of this Standard to affect a child’s need to play nor to lessen the con-tribution that inflatable play equipment makes either to the child’s development or meaningful play from an educational point of view. Where inflatable play equipment is combined with other items of children’s playground equipment, the relevant standards applying to the other items of equipment should also be consulted. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 14960:2006 (E) 5 Introduction Play is the means by which children discover and understand the world in which they live and is an essential element in a child’s physical and mental growth. It is important for children’s rounded development that, through play, they arrive at an understanding of danger which provides a basis for assessing safety in a variety of situations. The balance between challenge and safety is an important consideration. Inflatable play equipment referred to in this Standard can provide different levels of challenge and excitement. This European Standard aims to minimize the level of risk and the possibility of serious injury while allowing children to enjoy themselves when playing in or on inflatable equipment. This standard acknowledges the difficulties of addressing safety issues by age criteria alone because the abil-ity to handle risk is based on the individual users' level of skill and not age. Also users other than the intended age range will make use of the inflatable equipment, in which case, the provisions of this standard still apply.
EN 14960:2006 (E) 6 1 Scope This standard is applicable to inflatable play equipment intended for use by children fourteen years and under both individually and collectively.
This standard specifies safety requirements for inflatable play equipment for which the primary activities are bouncing and sliding. It sets measures to address risks and also minimize accidents to users for those in-volved in the design, manufacture and supply of inflatable play equipment. It specifies information to be sup-plied with the equipment. The requirements have been laid down bearing in mind the risk factor based on available data.
This standard specifies the requirements that will protect a child from hazards that he or she may be unable to foresee when using the equipment as intended, or in a manner that can be reasonably anticipated. This Standard is not applicable to inflatable water-borne play and leisure equipment, domestic inflatable toys, air-supported buildings, inflatables used solely for protection, inflatables used for rescue, or other types of in-flatable toys where the primary activity is not bouncing or sliding. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 71-3, Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certain elements EN 1177, Impact absorbing playground surfacing — Safety requirements and test methods EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN ISO 1421:1998, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics - Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break (ISO 1421:1998) EN ISO 2307, Fibre ropes - Determination of certain physical and mechanical properties (ISO 2307:2005) EN ISO 2411:2000, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of coating adhesion (ISO 2411:2000) EN ISO 9554, Fibre ropes - General specifications (ISO 9554:2005) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005)
EN 14960:2006 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE In order not to confine the application of this European Standard to those items of equipment currently in use and hence allow freedom of design for the manufacture of new equipment, only the fundamental forms of equipment and motion are listed. 3.1 inflatable play equipment structure relying on a continuous supply of air to maintain its shape, on or in which users may play, bounce and/or slide. Also referred to as an/the inflatable
a) Flat-bed (4 open sides) b) Castle (3 walled sides, 1 open side) c) A-Frame inflatable (3 walled sides, 1 open side)
d) A-Frame inflatable with
raincover e) Multi-Play Centre f) Obstacle course
g) Inflatable slide h) Enclosed inflatable i) Soft mountain Figure 1 — Examples of inflatable play equipment
EN 14960:2006 (E) 8 3.2 blower powered machine used to continuously inflate the structure
3.3 connection tube part of the inflatable structure to which the blower is connected 3.4 controller person, company or hirer (those who hire to others), having responsibility for the overall control, inspection and maintenance of the equipment 3.5 operator person appointed by a controller to be in charge of the operation of the equipment at any time when it is avail-able for use by the public 3.6 attendant person working under a control and direction of an operator to assist in the operation of the equipment 3.7 inspection body organization, part of an organization or individual with the appropriate competence to carry out one or more of the following inspections: design review; assessment of conformity to design; initial testing; annual main inspection 3.8 free height of fall greatest vertical distance from the clearly intended body support to an impact area below
[EN 1176-1:1998] 3.9 critical fall height upper limit of all free heights of fall, for which the surfacing provides an acceptable level of impact attenuation 3.10 open side any external side of an inflatable with no containing wall 3.11 step step to aid the access/egress of users into and out of the playing area of the inflatable, making the transition between the height of the playing area and the ground 3.12 ramp ramp to aid the access/egress of users into and out of the playing area of the inflatable, making the transition between the height of the playing area and the ground 3.13 platform any surface on which a user may stand
EN 14960:2006 (E) 9 3.14 squeeze play item which is often attached to and forms part of inflatable play equipment, the purpose of which is to squeeze the user whilst not entrapping them while allowing the user to pass through a gap with a degree of difficulty 3.15 entrapment hazard in which a body, or part of a body, or clothing, can become trapped 3.16 impact area area surrounding the open side(s) of an inflatable 3.17 run-out intended deceleration zone at the bottom of a slide 3.18 anchorage system method of fixing an inflatable to the ground using stakes 3.19 ballast system method of fixing an inflatable to the ground using weights 3.20 fan powered machine used to continuously inflate a structure
3.21 user height maximum height of persons allowed to use the inflatable 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Materials 4.1.1 Fabrics Fabrics shall be flame retardant. Fabrics, and joins in fabrics, shall be of adequate tear and tensile strength for the weight of the intended user and have sufficient air retention to enable the inflatable, when pressurized to the level specified in the opera-tions manual, to resume its shape after distortion under load. Fabrics of: a) minimum tear strength 350 N (test method Annex E); b) minimum tensile strength 1 850 N (EN ISO 1421); c) and minimum coating adhesion 100 N (EN ISO 2411); shall be used in those structural parts of the inflatable where force or stress is applied by the user. 4.1.2 Thread Threads shall be non-rotting yarn and at least 88 N tensile strength. Stitching shall be lock-stitch. The length of individual stitches shall be a minimum of 3 mm and a maximum of 8 mm.
EN 14960:2006 (E) 10 4.1.3 Netting Retention netting is commonly used to define the playing area, to contain the users and to retain items of mo-bile play equipment such as balls. Retention netting shall not significantly impair visibility. Retention netting shall be strong enough to contain the largest/heaviest user for whom the inflatable is designed. In order to prevent users from climbing retention netting the mesh size, where the netting is more than 1 m vertical height and accessible to the user, shall be 30 mm or less to exclude users’ feet. Where netting is used for roofs and is accessible to the user, the mesh size shall be small enough to prevent the 8 mm finger rod from passing through (see Figure 2). Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — 8 mm finger rod Clamber netting (commonly laid on slopes to form foot and hand holds) shall be securely fixed to prevent lift-ing by the user. The rope from which it is made shall be at least 12 mm in diameter and shall be securely knot-ted. Strand ends shall be treated to prevent fraying. Care shall be taken when heat sealing so as not to form hard or sharp edges. 4.1.4 Ropes Ropes shall be fixed at both ends and the total amplitude of swing shall not exceed 20 % of the distance be-tween the fixing points. NOTE This requirement is intended to remove the risk of strangulation. The rope diameter shall be between 18 mm and 45 mm. Fibre ropes (textile type) shall conform to EN ISO 9554 or EN ISO 2307. Alternatively, the manufacturer shall supply a works certificate stating the material used and the safe working load. Monofilament plastics ropes shall not be used. 4.1.5 Zips Zips shall withstand air pressures and tension generated within the structure. Zips used for entrances and ex-its shall be reliable, easy to use, able to open from both sides and shall allow access and egress by adults. Zips used for deflation purposes shall have the puller hidden from view (e.g. by a flap or pocket).
EN 14960:2006 (E) 11 4.1.6 Dangerous substances and decorative finishes Dangerous substances shall not be used for inflatable play equipment in such a way that they can cause ad-verse health affects to the user. Paints and other decorative finishes shall comply with EN 71-3. NOTE Attention is drawn to the provisions of European Directive 76/769/EEC. Such materials include, for example, asbestos, lead, formaldehyde, coal tar oils, carbolineums and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 4.2 Design 4.2.1 Anchorage The inflatable shall be provided with an anchorage and/or ballast system and any necessary accessories ena-bling the inflatable to be securely fixed to the ground. Each inflatable shall have at least six anchorage points. The number of anchorage points shall be calculated in accordance with Annex A. They shall be distributed around the perimeter of the inflatable (see also 4.2.3). The maximum wind-speed in which inflatables shall be used outdoors is 38 km/h (Force 5 on the Beaufort Scale), see Annex B. When used outdoors, the inflatable shall be secured to the ground, preferably with ground stakes where the ground is suitable. Each anchorage point on the inflatable and all of the components of the anchorage and/or ballast system e.g. ropes, webbings, metal attachments, stakes, weights, shall withstand a force of 1 600 N. The direction of the exerted force shall be at an angle to the ground of 30 ° to 45 °. Ground stakes shall incline away from the direction of the exerted force. The tops of ground stakes shall be rounded. The system shall expose no more than 25 mm of the stake above ground level (see Figure 3). NOTE When the inflatable is used indoors, the anchorage and/or ballast system should be used, when necessary, to maintain stability. Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 Direction of force 2 Rounded tops 3 Ground level Figure 3 — Examples of ground stakes On hard standing where ground stakes cannot be used, the inflatable shall be secured to the ground by
equally effective method e.g. attaching each of the anchorage points to fittings already in the ground, or to sandbags or other weights, if these are capable of supporting the 1 600 N load. If the inflatable is secured to a vehicle or other movable machinery, such vehicles or machinery shall be immobilized and be under the con-trol of an operator.
EN 14960:2006 (E) 12 4.2.2 Structural Integrity The minimum air pressure inside the structural parts of the inflatable shall be 1 kPa (100 mm water gauge). Inflated chambers that are entered by the user are not considered to be structural parts of the inflatable e.g. enclosed dome type inflatables. Pressure in the playing area of soft mountains shall be no greater than 0,25 kPa (25 mm water gauge), but shall maintain a pressure sufficient to prevent grounding. Pressure in the surrounding safety apron of soft mountains shall be at least 1 kPa (100 mm water gauge), see Figure 4. The depth of the trough on the surface of any platform shall be a maximum of 33 % of the width of the adja-cent panel, measured when inflated, see Figure 5. Containing walls shall be vertical (90 ± 5) °. Towers that support containing walls shall be on the same plane. Containing walls and towers shall be strong enough to contain the largest and/or heaviest user for whom the inflatable is designed. Playing areas, surrounding safety aprons, steps and/or ramps shall support the weight of the largest and/or heaviest user for whom the inflatable is designed, without grounding. See Annex C for the test method.
Key 1 Surrounding safety apron 2 Tread depth 3 Playing area Figure 4 — Section through a soft mountain
Key a Depth of trough — measured when inflated b Width of adjacent panel Figure 5 — Trough depth 4.2.3 Access/egress A step or ramp shall be wide enough to cover the entire access/egress aperture with overlap, according to Figure 6. A step or ramp shall have a tread depth of a minimum of 1,5 times the height of the adjacent playing area plat-form to which it is attached (see Figure 6).
EN 14960:2006 (E) 13 The playing area of soft mountains shall be completely surrounded by an inflated safety apron. This safety apron shall have a minimum tread depth of 1,6 m or 0,5 times the height of the playing area measured from the ground when inflated and in the unloaded condition, whichever is greater. In the event of air supply failure, the deflation time shall be sufficient to allow users of the inflatable to be evacuated safely. NOTE Deflation time can be considerably lengthened by inserting a non-return flap in the outlet nozzle of the blower or at the joint of the connection tube and structure. Inflatables shall be designed to ensure that adults are able to gain access in order to assist users. On any open side the free height of fall shall be no greater than 630 mm from the ground in the unloaded con-dition. On any open side, the extent of the impact area shall be at least 1,2 m. The surface in the impact area shall meet the requirements for impact attenuation so that the critical fall height of the surfacing, according to EN 1177, is at least 630 mm. NOTE Materials such as soil, turf and sand have some impact attenuating properties. Impact absorbing mats may be used (see Figure 7).
a)
b) Key 1 Overlap 2 Open side 3 Height of adjacent playing area platform
4 Tread depth 5 Step 6 Ramp Figure 6 — Step or ramp detail
EN 14960:2006 (E) 14 a) Castle type b) Flat-bed
c) Up and over slide Key 1 Walled side 2 At least 1,2 m 3 Open side
4 Impact area 5 Exit 6 Entrance Figure 7 — Impact area
EN 14960:2006 (E) 15 Anchorage points in impact areas shall be avoided if possible but, where necessary, anchorage points shall be connected to the bottom perimeter edge or seam of the inflatable and shall extend as short a distance as practicable from the inflatable (see Figure 8).
Key 1 Side of inflatable 2 Impact area 3 Anchorage stake as close as practicable to the side of the inflatable 4 Ground level Figure 8 — Anchorage in an impact area Totally enclosed inflatables shall have signs indicating exits, which shall be visible in all circumstances. When designed for more than 15 users, the
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