SIST EN 25667-2:1996
(Main)Water quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques (ISO 5667-2:1991)
Water quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques (ISO 5667-2:1991)
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme - Teil 2: Anleitung zur Probenahmetechnik (ISO 5667-2:1991)
Qualité de l'eau - Echantillonnage - Partie 2: Guide général sur les techniques d'échantillonnage (ISO 5667-2:1991)
Kakovost vode - Vzorčenje - 2. del: Navodilo o tehnikah vzorčenja (ISO 5667-2:1991)
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme - Teil 2: Anleitung zur Probenahmetechnik (ISO 5667-2:1991)Qualité de l'eau - Echantillonnage - Partie 2: Guide général sur les techniques d'échantillonnage (ISO 5667-2:1991)Water quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques (ISO 5667-2:1991)13.060.45Preiskava vode na splošnoExamination of water in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 25667-2:1993SIST EN 25667-2:1996en01-september-1996SIST EN 25667-2:1996SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 25667-2:1996
SIST EN 25667-2:1996
SIST EN 25667-2:1996
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Second edition 1991-07-15 Water quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques Qualit de l’eau - ichantillonnage - Partie 2: Guide g&&-al SW les techniques d%chantillonnage Reference number IS0 5667-2: 1991 (E) SIST EN 25667-2:1996
IS0 566702A991 (E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 5667-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 5667-2:1982), of which clause 3 has been greatly reduced in length, subclause 5.4 has been removed, and the remainder of the text has been brought up to date. IS0 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality - Sampling: - Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques -- Part -3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples - Part 4: Guidance on sampling from I&es, natural and man-made - Part 5: Guidance o n sampling food and beverage processing of drinking water and water used for - Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams - Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants - Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition 0 IS0 1991 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Genkve 20 l Switzerland Printed In Switzerland ii SIST EN 25667-2:1996
IS0 5667-2:1991(E) - Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters - Part 10: Guidance on sampling of wastewaters - Part ?I: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters - Part 12: Guidance on sampling of industrial cooling water- - Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges and sediments Annex A forms an integral part of this part of IS0 5667. . . . III SIST EN 25667-2:1996
IS0 566702:1991 (E) Introduction IS0 5667 is published in a number of parts The first three parts are of a general nature and should be read in conjunction with each other. Subsequent parts that have been published are: Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made, Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water and water used for food and beverage processing, Part 6: Guidance on the sampling of rivers and streams. Other parts are being developed on the sampling of wastewaters, groundwater, precipitation, marine waters, industrial waters, and sludges and sediments. iv SIST EN 25667-2:1996
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 5667-2:1991 (E) Water quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques 1 Scope invertebrates on stony substrata in shallow freshwaters. This part of IS0 5667 provides guidance on sampling techniques us,ed to obtain the data necessary to make analyses for the purposes of quality control, quality characterization and identification of sources of pollution of waters. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 5667, the follow- ing definitions taken from IS0 6107-2 apply. Detailed instructions for specific sampling situations and sampling procedures are not included. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 5667. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 5667 are encouraged to investi- gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. 3.1 composite sample: Two or more samples or sub-samples , mixed together in appropriate known proportions (either discretely or continuously), from which the average result of a desired characteristic may be obtained. The proportions are usually based on time or flow measurements. 3.2 snap sample; spot sample; grab sample: A dis- crete sample taken randomly (with regard to time and/or location) from a body of water. 3.3 sampler: A device used to obtain a sample of water, either discretely or continuously, for the pur- pose of examination of various defined character- istics. IS0 566741980, Water quality - Sampling - Part I: Guidance on the design of sampling pro- grammes. IS0 5667-311985, Water quality - Sampling - Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples. 3.4 sampling: The process of removing a portion, intended to be representative, of a body of water for the purpose of examination of various defined characteristics. 4 Types of sample IS0 6107-2:1989, Water quality - Vocabulary - Part 2. 4.1 General IS0 7828:1985, Water qualify - Methods of biological sampling -- Guidance on handnet sampling of aquatic benthic macro-invertebrates. Analytical data may be required to indicate the quality of ‘water by determination of parameters such as the concentrations of inorganic material, dissolved minerals or chemicals, dissolved gases, IS0 8265:1988, Water qualify - Design and use of dissolved organic material, and matter suspended quantitative samplers for benthic macro- in the water or bottom sediments at a specific time SIST EN 25667-2:1996
IS0 566702:1991 (E) and a Pa loca rticu tion lar I or over ocation. some specific time interval at Certains parameters, such as the concentration of dissolved gases, should be measured in situ if possible, to obtain accurate results. It should be noted that sample preservation procedures should be carried out in appropriate cases (see IS0 5667-3). It is recommended that separate samples be used for chemical, microbiological and biological analy- ses, because the procedures and equipment for collection and handling are different. The sampling techniques will vary according to the specific situation. The different types of sampling are described in clause 5. Reference should be made to IS0 5667-l for planning of sampling programmes. It is necessary to differentiate between sampling from standing and flowing waters. Spot samples (4.2) and composite samples (4.6) are applicable to both types of water. Periodic sampling (4.3) and continuous sampling (4.4) are applicable to flowing waters, whereas series sampling (4.5) is more ap- plicable to standing waters. 4.2 Spot samples Spot samples are discrete samples, usually col- lected manually but which can also be collected automatically, for waters at the surface, at specific depths and at the bottom. Each sample will normally be representative of the water quality only at the time and place at which it is taken. Automatic sampling is equivalent to a se- ries of such samples taken on a preselected time or flow-interval basis. Spot samples are recommended if the flow of the water to be sampled is not uniform, if the values of the parameters of interest are not constant, and if the use of a composite sample would obscure dif- ferences between individual samples due to re- action between them. Spot samples should also be considered in investi- gations of the possible existence of pollution, or in surveys to indicate its extent or, in the case of automatic discrete sample collection, to determine the time of day when pollutants are present. They may also be taken prior to the establishment of a more extensive sampling programme. Spot samples are essential when the objective of a sampling pro- gramme is to estimate whether a water quality complies with limits not related to average quality. The taking of spot S ample 1s is recomm ended for the determination of I Jn stable parameters , such as the concentration of dissolved gases, residual chlorine, soluble sulfides. 4.3 Periodic samples (discontinuous) 4.3.1 Periodic samples taken at fixed time-intervals (time dependent) These samples are taken using a timing mechanism to initiate and terminate the collection of water dur- ing a specific time-interval. A common procedure is to pump the sample into one or more containers for a fixed period, a set volume being delivered to each container. NOTE 1 The parameter of interest may affect the time interval. 4.3.2 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (volume dependent) These samples are taken when variations in water quality criteria and effluent flow rate are not inter- related. For each unit volume of liquid flow, a controlled sample is taken irrespective of time. 4.3.3 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (flow dependent) These samples are taken when variations in water quality criteria and effluent flow rate are not inter- related. At constant time intervals, samples of dif- , ferent volumes are taken,, the volume depending upon the flow. 4.4 Continuous samples 4.4.1 Continuous samples taken at fixed flow rates Samples taken by this technique contain all con- stituents present during a sampling period, but in many cases, do not provide information about the variation of concentrations of specific parameters during the sampling period. 4.4.2 Continuous samples taken at variable flow rates The flow-proportional samples collected are rep- resentative of the bulk water quality. If both the fl and composition vary, flow-proportional samp can reveal variations which may not be observed the use of spot samples, provided that the samp remain discrete and a sufficient number of samp is taken to differentiate between the changes composition. Consequently, this is the most prec )W es bY es es in se method of sampling flowing water if both the flow rate and the concentration of pollutants of interest vary significantly. 2 SIST EN 25667-2:1996
IS0 5667=2:1991(E) 4.5 Series sampling 4.51 Depth profile samples This is a series of w ,ater sampl es taken from var depths of a body of water at a specific location. ious 4.5.2 Area profile samples This is a series of water samples taken from a par- ticular depth of a body of water at various locations. 4.6 Composite samples Composite samples may be obtained manually or automatically, irrespective of the type of sampling (flow, time, volume or location dependent). Continuously taken samples may be put together to obtain composite samples. Composite samples provide average compositional data. Conseque,ntCy, before combining samples it should be verified that such data are desired, or that the param.eter(s) of interest do(es) not vary signifi- cantly during the sampling period. Composite samples are valuable in cases when compliance with a limit is based on the average water quality. 4.7 Large volume samples Some methods of analysis for certain determinands require the sampling of a large volume, namely from 50 litres to several cubic metres. Such large sam- ples are necessary, for example, when analysing for pesticides or micro-organisms that cannot be cul- tured. The sample can either be collected in a con- ventional manner, with great care being taken to ensure cleanliness of the container or tanker hold- ing the sample, or by passing a metered volume through an absorbent cartridge or filter, depending on the determinand. For example, an ion exchange cartridge or an activated carbon cartridge can be used to sample some pesticides whereas a poly- propylene cartridge filter of mean pore diameter 1 pm is suitable for ctyptosporidium. The precise details of the latter procedure depend on the type of water sampled and the determinand. A regulator valve to control the flow through the cartridge or filter should be used for supplies under pressure. For most determinands, a pump should be placed after both the filter or cartridge and the meter; if the determinand is volatile, it is necessary to place the pump as close as possible to the sam- ple origin, the meter still being placed after the filter or cartridge. When sampling a turbid water contain- ing suspended solids that could blind the filter or cartridge, or .if the amount of determinand required for analysis exceeds the capacity of the largest filter or cartridge available, a series of filters or car- tridges arranged in parallel should be used, using inlet and exit manifolds fitted with stopcocks. Initially the sampling flow should be directed through one filter or cartridge, with the others not receiving the flow, and when the flow rate decreases significantly then the flow should be diverted to a fresh filter or cartridge. If there is a danger of the filter or cartridge being overloaded, then fresh filter or cartridges should be connected on-line sequentially before the original one is exhausted, the flow to which is then stopped. When more than one filter or cartridge is used, they should be treated together and con- sidered as a composite sample. If the waste water from such a sampling regime is returned to the body of water being sampled, then it is essential that it be returned sufficiently distant from the sampling point, so that it cannot influence the water being sampled. 5 Types of sampling There are many sampling situations, some of which can be satisfied by taking simple spot samples whereas others may require sophisticated instru- mental sampling equipment. The various types of sampling are all examined in some detail in IS0 5667-4 and subsequent parts, and reference should be made to these parts of IS0 5667 whenever possible. The parts published to date, and those still being developed, are given in the fore- word. 6 Sampling equipment 6.1 Materials 6.1 .I General Reference should be made to IS0 5667-3 for specific sampling situations; the guidelines given here are to assist in the selection of materials for general application. The chemical constituents (deter- minands) in water, which are analysed to evaluate the water quality, range in concentration from submicrogram quantities or trace quantities to gross quantities. The most frequently encountered prob- lems consist of adsorption onto the walls of the sampler or sample container, contamination prior to sampling caused by improper cleaning of the sampler or sample container, and contamination of the sample by the material constituting the sampler or sample container. The sample container has to preserve the compo- sition of the sample from losses due to adsorption and volatilization, or from contamination by foreign substances. 3 SIST EN 25667-2:1996
IS0 5667-2:1991 (E) The sample container used to collect and store the sample should be chosen after considering, for ex- ample, resistance to temperature extremes, resist- ance to breakage, ease of good sealing and reopening, size, shape, mass, availability, cost, po- tential for cleaning and re-use, etc. Precautions should be taken to prevent samples freezing, particularly when glass sample containers are used. High density polyethylene is rec- ommended for silica, sodium, total alkalinity, chlor- ide, specific conductance, pH, and hardness determinations in water. For light-sensitive ma- terials, light-absorbent glass should be used. Stain- less steel should be considered for samples of high temperature and/or pressure, or when sampling for trace concentrations of organic material. Glass bottles are suitable for organic chemical compounds and biological species, and plastics containers for radionuclides. It is important to note that the sampling equipment available often has neoprene gaskets and oil-lubricated valves. Such materials are not satisfactory for samples for or- ganic and microbiological analysis. Thus, apart from the desired physical characteristics described above, the sample containers used to collect and store the samples should be selected by taking into account the following predominant cri- teria (especially when the constituents to be ana- lysed are present in trace quantities). a) W C) d) Minimization of contamination of the water sam- ple by the material of which the container or its stopper is made, for example leaching of inor- ganic constituents from glass (especially soft glass) and organic compounds and metals from plastics and elastomers (plasticized vinyl cap- liners, neoprene jackets). Ability to clean and treat the walls of the con- tainers, to reduce surface contamination by trace constituents such as heavy metals or radio- nuclides. Chemical and biological inertness of the material of which the container is made, in order to pre- vent or minimize reaction between constituents of the sample and the container. Sample containers may also cause errors by adsorption of determinands. Trace metals are particularly liable to this effect, but other deter- minands (e.g. detergents, pesticides, phosphate) may also be subject to error. NOTE 2 It is recommended that detailed advice be sought from the analyst on the final choice of sample container and sampling equipment. 6.1.2 Sampling lines Sampling lines are generally used in automatic sampling to supply samples to conti
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