SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
(Main)Determination of flash point - Method for flash no-flash and flash point by small scale closed cup tester (ISO 3679:2022)
Determination of flash point - Method for flash no-flash and flash point by small scale closed cup tester (ISO 3679:2022)
This document describes three procedures (A, B and C) covering determinations of flash no-flash and flash point.
Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B are applicable to flash no-flash and flash point tests of paints, including water-borne paints, varnishes, binders for paints and varnishes, adhesives, solvents, petroleum products including aviation turbine, diesel and kerosene fuels, fatty acid methyl esters and related products over the temperature range –30 °C to 300 °C. The rapid equilibrium procedures are used to determine whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash no-flash procedure A) or the flash point of a sample (procedure B). When used in conjunction with the flash detector (A.1.6), this document is also suitable to determine the flash point of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The validity of the precision is given in Table 2.
Non-equilibrium procedure C is applicable to petroleum products including aviation turbine, diesel and kerosine fuels, and related petroleum products, over the temperature range –20 °C to 300 °C. The non-equilibrium procedure is automated to determine the flash point. Precision has been determined over the range 40 °C to 135 °C.
For specifications and regulations, procedures A or B are routinely used (see 10.1.1).
Bestimmung des Flammpunkts - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Flammpunkts und des Nicht-Flammpunkts mit einem kleinen geschlossenen Tiegelprüfgerät (ISO 3679:2022)
Dieses Dokument beschreibt drei Verfahren (A, B und C) zur Bestimmung des Flammpunkts mit dem Ja/Nein Verfahren.
Die schnellen Gleichgewichtsverfahren A und B sind für Prüfungen des Flammpunkts mit dem Ja/Nein Verfahren von Lacken anzuwenden, einschließlich wasserverdünnbarer Lacke, Anstrichstoffe, Bindemitteln für Lacke und Anstrichstoffe, Klebstoffe, Lösemittel, Mineralölerzeugnisse, einschließlich Flugturbinen-, Diesel- und Kerosinkraftstoffe, Fettsäuremethylester und verwandten Produkten im Temperaturbereich von −30 °C bis 300 °C. Die schnellen Gleichgewichtsverfahren dienen der Bestimmung, ob ein Produkt bei einer festgelegten Temperatur aufflammt oder nicht (Flammpunkt-Verfahren A), bzw. wo der Flammpunkt einer Probe liegt (Verfahren B). Wird der Flammdetektor (siehe A.1.6) eingesetzt, so kann dieses Dokument auch für die Bestimmung der Flammpunkte von Fettsäuremethylestern (FAME) herangezogen werden. Die Gültigkeit der Präzision ist in Tabelle 2 angegeben.
Das Nicht-Gleichgewichtsverfahren C ist für Mineralölerzeugnisse einschließlich Flugturbinen-, Diesel- und Kerosinkraftstoffe sowie verwandte Mineralölerzeugnisse im Temperaturbereich von −20 °C bis 300 °C anwendbar. Das Nicht-Gleichgewichtsverfahren ist zur Bestimmung des Flammpunktes automatisiert. Die Präzision wurde über den Bereich von 40 °C bis 135 °C bestimmt.
Für Spezifikationen und Vorschriften werden routinemäßig die Verfahren A oder B verwendet (siehe 10.1.1).
WARNUNG — Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments kann die Anwendung gefährlicher Stoffe, Arbeitsgänge und Geräte mit sich bringen. Dieses Dokument gibt nicht vor, alle mit ihrer Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme anzusprechen. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, vor der Anwendung geeignete Maßnahmen für die Sicherheit und den Gesundheitsschutz des Personals zu ergreifen, und die Geltung weiterer diesbezüglicher Auflagen zu prüfen.
Détermination du point d'éclair - Détermination de l'éclair de type passe / ne passe pas et méthode du point d'éclair en vase clos à petite échelle (ISO 3679:2022)
Le présent document décrit trois modes opératoires (A, B et C) qui couvrent la détermination de l'éclair de type passe-ne passe pas et du point d'éclair.
Les modes opératoires rapides à l'équilibre A et B sont applicables aux essais d'éclair de type passe-ne passe pas et de point d'éclair, dans un domaine de température de –30 °C à 300 °C, pour les peintures (y compris les peintures à support aqueux), les vernis, les liants pour peintures et vernis, les adhésifs, les solvants, les produits pétroliers y compris les carburéacteurs, le carburant diésel, le kérosène, les esters méthyliques d'acides gras et produits connexes. Ces modes opératoires rapides à l’équilibre permettent de déterminer si un produit générera ou pas un éclair à une température spécifiée (mode opératoire A pour essai d'éclair de type passe-ne passe pas) ou de déterminer le point d'éclair d'un échantillon (mode opératoire B). Lorsqu'il est utilisé conjointement avec le détecteur d'éclair (A.1.6), le présent document convient aussi pour la détermination du point d'éclair des esters méthyliques d'acide gras (EMAG). La validité de la fidélité est donnée dans le Tableau 2.
Le mode opératoire de non-équilibre C s'applique aux produits pétroliers, y compris les carburéacteurs, le carburant diesel, le kérosène, et les produits pétroliers connexes, dans la plage de température de −20 °C à 300 °C. Le mode opératoire de non-équilibre est automatisé pour déterminer le point d'éclair. La fidélité a été déterminée sur la plage de 40 °C à 135 °C.
Pour les spécifications et les réglementations, les modes opératoires A ou B sont utilisés de manière routinière (voir 10.1.1).
Določanje plamenišča - Metoda za plamen in plamenišče v zaprti posodi z majhno prostornino (ISO 3679:2022)
Ta dokument opisuje tri postopke (A, B in C) za določanje plamena in plamenišča.
Hitra ravnotežna postopka A in B se uporabljata za preskuse plamena in plamenišča barv, vključno z barvami na vodni osnovi, veziv za barve in lake, lepil, topil, naftnih proizvodov, vključno z gorivom za letalske turbine, dizelskim gorivom in kerozinom, metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin ter povezanih proizvodov v temperaturnem območju od –30 °C do 300 °C. Ravnotežni postopki se uporabljajo za ugotavljanje, ali bo proizvod zagorel pri določeni temperaturi (postopek A za ugotavljanje pojava plamena), ali za ugotavljanje plamenišča vzorca (postopek B). Kadar se ta dokument uporablja v povezavi z detektorjem plamena (A.1.6), je primeren tudi za ugotavljanje plamenišča metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin (FAME). Veljavnost natančnosti je podana v preglednici 2.
Neravnotežni postopek C se uporablja za naftne proizvode, vključno z gorivom za letalske turbine, dizelskim gorivom in kerozinom, ter povezane naftne proizvode v temperaturnem območju od –20 °C do 300 °C. Neravnotežni postopek je avtomatiziran za določanje plamenišča. Natančnost je določena v območju od 40 °C do 135 °C.
Za specifikacije in pravne ureditve se rutinsko uporablja postopek A ali B (glej točko 10.1.1).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
01-februar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 3679:2015
Določanje plamenišča - Metoda za plamen in plamenišče v zaprti posodi z majhno
prostornino (ISO 3679:2022)
Determination of flash point - Method for flash no-flash and flash point by small scale
closed cup tester (ISO 3679:2022)
Bestimmung des Flammpunkts - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Flammpunkts und des
Nicht-Flammpunkts mit einem kleinen geschlossenen Tiegelprüfgerät (ISO 3679:2022)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Détermination de l'éclair de type passe / ne passe pas
et méthode du point d'éclair en vase clos à petite échelle (ISO 3679:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3679:2022
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
SIST EN ISO 3679:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
EN ISO 3679
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 87.040; 75.080 Supersedes EN ISO 3679:2015
English Version
Determination of flash point - Method for flash no-flash
and flash point by small scale closed cup tester (ISO
3679:2022)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Détermination de Bestimmung des Flammpunkts - Verfahren zur
l'éclair de type passe / ne passe pas et méthode du Bestimmung des Flammpunkts und des Nicht-
point d'éclair en vase clos à petite échelle (ISO Flammpunkts mit einem kleinen geschlossenen
3679:2022) Tiegelprüfgerät (ISO 3679:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3679:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
EN ISO 3679:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
EN ISO 3679:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 3679:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 "Petroleum
and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources" in collaboration with
Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of
petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3679:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3679:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3679:2022 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3679
Fifth edition
2022-11
Determination of flash point – Method
for flash no-flash and flash point by
small scale closed cup tester
Détermination du point d'éclair — Méthode de l’éclair de type passe/
ne passe pas et méthode du point d'éclair en vase clos à petite échelle
Reference number
ISO 3679:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
ISO 3679:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
ISO 3679:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
4.1 Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B . 2
4.2 Non-equilibrium procedure C . 3
5 Reagents and materials . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Preparation of apparatus .4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Location of apparatus . 4
7.3 Cleaning of the test cup assembly and accessories . 4
7.4 Apparatus verification . 4
8 Sampling . 5
9 Sample handling .5
9.1 Petroleum products and fatty acid methyl esters. 5
9.1.1 Subsampling . 5
9.1.2 Samples liquid at ambient temperature . 5
9.1.3 Samples solid or semi-solid at ambient temperature . 6
9.1.4 Samples containing dissolved or free water that is not part of the product . 6
9.2 Paints, varnishes, and related materials . 6
10 Procedures . 6
10.1 General . 6
10.2 Procedure A — Flash no-flash test . 6
10.3 Procedure B — Flash point determination . 7
10.4 Procedure C — Flash point determination . 9
11 Calculation . 9
11.1 Conversion of barometric pressure reading . 9
11.2 Correction of the detected flash point. 9
12 Expression of results .10
13 Precision .10
13.1 General . 10
13.2 Repeatability, r. 10
13.3 Reproducibility, R . 10
13.4 Relative bias between the procedures C and B . 11
14 Test report .11
Annex A (normative) Flash point apparatus .13
Annex B (normative) Verification of apparatus .18
Annex C (informative) The use of a cup insert .22
Annex D (normative) Sub-ambient procedures A and B for manual apparatus .23
Annex E (normative) Temperature measuring device specifications .24
Annex F (informative) Flash point values of chemicals .25
Bibliography .26
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
ISO 3679:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels
and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related
products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 3679:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— introduction, title and scope have been revised to present a more generic method description;
— terms and definitions in Clause 3 have been added;
— verification clause has been revised;
— new procedure C has been added;
— Clause 13 wording has been revised and precision for procedure C has been included;
— the apparatus description in Annex A has been revised;
— Annex B has been revised and changed to normative;
— the text has been editorially revised in line with the ISO/IEC Directives Part 2, 2021.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
ISO 3679:2022(E)
Introduction
This document includes three procedures (A, B and C) covering determinations of flash no-flash and
flash point. Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B enable the determination of the flash no-flash and
flash point, respectively. Non-equilibrium procedure C uses automated test cup temperature control for
flash point determination.
ISO 1516 and ISO 1523 are also closed cup equilibrium test methods that can be considered when
selecting a method.
The apparatus specified in this document enables a similar test result to be determined using more
rapid procedures, A or B, and a smaller test portion (2 ml or 4 ml), than those required in ISO 1516 or
ISO 1523. In addition, the apparatus in this document can be made portable so that it is suitable for
[16]
on-site testing, as well as its regular use in laboratories. Collaborative work has shown that results
[18]
obtained by these methods are comparable. Procedure C is based on test methods IP 534 and ASTM
[14]
D7236 .
The interpretation of flash point results obtained on solvent mixtures containing halogenated
[17]
hydrocarbons should be considered with caution, as these mixtures can give anomalous results .
A limited study has indicated that some water borne paints can give an elevated flash point when an
electric ignitor is used with this document.
Flash point is used in shipping, storage, handling, and safety regulations, as a classification property
to define “flammable” and “combustible” materials. Precise definition of the classes is given in each
particular regulation.
The flash point indicates the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or non-
flammable material. Flash point testing is often used as a preliminary step to other investigations into
the composition of unknown materials.
It is not appropriate for flash point determinations to be carried out on potentially unstable,
decomposable, or explosive materials. That is, unless it has been previously established that heating
the specified quantity of such materials in contact with the metallic components of the flash point
apparatus, within the temperature range required for the method, does not induce decomposition,
explosion or other adverse effects.
The flash point is not a constant physical-chemical property of a material tested. It is a function of the
apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash
point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation
can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different
from that specified.
ISO/TR 29662 also gives useful advice in carrying out flash point tests and interpreting results.
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3679:2022(E)
Determination of flash point – Method for flash no-flash
and flash point by small scale closed cup tester
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure
the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the
applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document describes three procedures (A, B and C) covering determinations of flash no-flash and
flash point.
Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B are applicable to flash no-flash and flash point tests of paints,
including water-borne paints, varnishes, binders for paints and varnishes, adhesives, solvents,
petroleum products including aviation turbine, diesel and kerosene fuels, fatty acid methyl esters and
related products over the temperature range –30 °C to 300 °C. The rapid equilibrium procedures are
used to determine whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash no-flash
procedure A) or the flash point of a sample (procedure B). When used in conjunction with the flash
detector (A.1.6), this document is also suitable to determine the flash point of fatty acid methyl esters
(FAME). The validity of the precision is given in Table 2.
Non-equilibrium procedure C is applicable to petroleum products including aviation turbine, diesel and
kerosine fuels, and related petroleum products, over the temperature range –20 °C to 300 °C. The non-
equilibrium procedure is automated to determine the flash point. Precision has been determined over
the range 40 °C to 135 °C.
For specifications and regulations, procedures A or B are routinely used (see 10.1.1).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO Guide 35, Reference materials — Guidance for characterization and assessment of homogeneity and
stability
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
ISO 17034, General requirements for the competence of reference material producers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
ISO 3679:2022(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
equilibrium
condition in flash point test methods where the vapour above the test portion and the test portion are
at the same temperature at the time the ignition source is applied
Note 1 to entry: This condition cannot be fully achieved in practice, since the temperature can be uneven
throughout the test portion, and the test cover and shutter on the apparatus can be cooler or warmer.
EXAMPLE Procedures A and B in this document, ISO 1516 and ISO 1523.
3.2
fatty acid methyl ester
FAME
fuel comprising mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal fats,
designated B100 or biodiesel (100 %)
Note 1 to entry: FAME is specified in specifications such as EN 14214 and ASTM D6751.
3.3
flash no-flash
application of an ignition source at the specified temperature of the test portion, as measured in the
prescribed manner, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from 101,3 kPa, to
determine whether the vapour of the test portion ignites and the flame propagates across the surface of
the liquid under the specified conditions of test
3.4
flash point
lowest temperature of the test portion, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from
101,3 kPa, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and
the flame to propagate across the surface of the liquid under the specified conditions of test
3.5
non-equilibrium
condition in flash point test methods where the vapour above the test portion and the test portion are
not in temperature equilibrium at the time that the ignition source is applied
Note 1 to entry: This condition is primarily caused by the heating of the test portion at the constant prescribed
rate with the vapour temperature lagging behind the test portion temperature.
EXAMPLE Procedure C in this document, ISO 2719 and ISO 13736.
4 Principle
4.1 Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B
A 2 ml or 4 ml test portion is introduced into the test cup that is set and maintained at the required test
temperature. After a specific time, when the vapours and test portion are deemed to be in temperature
equilibrium, an ignition source is applied and a determination is made (procedure A) as to whether
or not a flash occurred. In order to determine the actual flash point of the sample, further tests, with
fresh test portions at different test cup temperatures, are carried out (procedure B) until the flash
point is determined. The temperature is adjusted to account for variation in atmospheric pressure from
101,3 kPa, using a formula.
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SIST EN ISO 3679:2023
ISO 3679:2022(E)
4.2 Non-equilibrium procedure C
A 2 ml test portion is introduced into the test cup that is set and maintained at the required start
temperature. The test cup is then heated at a ramp rate of 1,5 °C/min to 2,5 °C/ min and the ignition
source is applied at 1 °C temperature intervals until a flash point is detected. The detected flash point
temperature is adjusted to account for variation in atmospheric pressure from 101,3 kPa, using a
formula.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, for the removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.
The choice of solvent depends upon the previous material tested and the tenacity of the residue. Low
volatility aromatic (benzene-free) solvents can be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents can
be effective for the removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Reference materials, for flash point, certified reference materials (CRM) and/or secondary
working standards (SWS), as described in Annex B.
5.3 Gas for ignitor and pilot flame, not required if an electric ignitor is used. Butane, propane, coal
gas, or natural gas may be used.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Flash point apparatus, as specified in Annex A.
6.2 Barometer, absolute pressure reading, accurate to ±0,5 kPa. Barometers pre-corrected to give
sea level readings, such as those used at weather stations and airports, shall not be used.
6.3 Heating bath or oven (optional), for warming the sample, if required.
The bath and oven shall be suitable for use with volatile and flammable materials.
6.4 Cooling bath or freezer (optional), for cooling the samples, if required, and capable of cooling
the sample to 10 °C below the expected flash point.
The bath and freezer shall be suitable for use with volatile and flammable materials.
6.5 Draught shield (optional), if required to minimize draughts, a shield fitted at the back and on
two sides of the instrument.
6.6 Cup insert (optional), see Annex C.
For samples that are difficult to remove, a thin metal cup insert can be used but the precision has not
been determined.
6.7 Syringes
6.7.1 Syringe, capable of delivering 2,00 ml ± 0,05 ml and equipped with a nozzle suitable for the
required test temperature and apparatus.
To enable a 4 ml test portion to be used, this syringe can be used twice.
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SIST EN
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
01-junij-2022
Določanje plamenišča - Metoda pojavnosti plamena in plamenišča v zaprti posodi
z majhno prostornino (ISO/DIS 3679:2022)
Determination of flash point – Method for flash no-flash and flash point by small scale
closed cup tester (ISO/DIS 3679:2022)
Bestimmung des Flammpunkts – Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Flammpunkts und des
Nicht-Flammpunkts mit einem kleinen geschlossenen Tiegelprüfgerät (ISO/DIS
3679:2022)
Détermination du point d'éclair – Détermination de l'éclair de type passe / ne passe pas
et méthode du point d'éclair en vase clos à petite échelle (ISO/DIS 3679:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 3679
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 3679
ISO/TC 28 Secretariat: NEN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-03-30 2022-06-22
Determination of flash point – Method for flash no-flash
and flash point by small scale closed cup tester
Détermination du point d'éclair –Détermination de l'éclair de type passe / ne passe pas – Méthode rapide à
l'équilibre en vase clos
ICS: 87.040; 75.080
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 3679:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
ISO/DIS 3679:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
ISO/DIS 3679:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
4.1 Rapid equilibrium Procedures A and B . 2
4.2 Non-equilibrium Procedure C . 2
5 Reagents and materials . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Preparation of apparatus .4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Location of apparatus . 4
7.3 Cleaning of the test cup assembly and accessories . 4
7.4 Apparatus verification . 4
8 Sampling . 5
9 Sample handling .5
9.1 Petroleum products and fatty acid methyl esters. 5
9.1.1 Subsampling . 5
9.1.2 Samples liquid at ambient temperature . 6
9.1.3 Samples solid or semi-solid at ambient temperature . 6
9.1.4 Samples containing dissolved or free water that is not part of the product . 6
9.2 Paints, varnishes, and related materials . 6
10 Procedures . 6
10.1 General . 6
10.2 Procedure A — Flash no-flash test . 7
10.3 Procedure B — Flash point determination . 8
10.4 Procedure C — Flash point determination . 9
11 Calculation . 9
11.1 Conversion of barometric pressure reading . 9
11.2 Correction of the detected flash point. 9
12 Expression of results .10
13 Precision .10
13.1 General . 10
13.2 Repeatability, r. 10
13.3 Reproducibility, R . 11
13.4 Relative bias between the Procedure C and Procedure B . 11
14 Test report .12
Annex A (normative) Flash point apparatus .13
Annex B (normative) Verification of apparatus .18
Annex C (informative) The use of a cup insert .22
Annex D (normative) Sub-ambient Procedures A and B testing for manual apparatus
without integral test cup cooling facilities .23
Annex E (normative) Temperature measuring device specifications .24
Annex F (informative) Flash point values of chemicals .25
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Bibliography .26
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, working
Group 9, in conjunction with Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Technical Committee
CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological
origin, and Technical Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces ISO 3679:2015, which has been technically revised. The main
technical changes are:
— Introduction, title and scope change to present a more generic method description;
— Definitions revised;
— Revised verification clause and generic verification data for flash point methods annexed;
— Revised procedures to include new Procedure C;
— Revision of precision wording and inclusion of precision for Procedure C;
— Revision of Annex A on the apparatus description;
— Revision of Annex B on verification and made that procedure mandatory.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
ISO/DIS 3679:2022(E)
Introduction
This document includes three procedures (A, B and C) covering determinations of flash no-flash and
flash point. Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B (see 3.1) enable the determination of the flash/no-
flash and flash point respectively. Non-equilibrium procedure (C) (see 3.5) uses automated test cup
temperature control for flash point determination.
[1] [2]
ISO 1516 and ISO 1523 are also closed cup equilibrium test methods that are to be considered when
selecting a method.
The apparatus specified in this document enables a similar test result to be determined using more
rapid procedures, A or B, and a smaller test portion (2 ml or 4 ml) than that required in ISO 1516 or
ISO 1523 respectively. In addition, the apparatus can be made portable to the extent of being suitable
[18]
for on-site testing in addition to its more normal use in laboratories. Collaborative work has shown
[20]
that results obtained by these methods are comparable. Procedure C is based on test methods IP 534
[16]
and ASTM D7236 .
The interpretation of flash point results obtained on solvent mixtures containing halogenated
[4]
hydrocarbons should be considered with caution, as these mixtures can give anomalous results .
A limited study has indicated that some water borne paints can give an elevated flash point when an
electric ignitor is used with ISO 3679.
Flash point is be used in shipping, storage, handling, and safety regulations, as a classification property
to define “flammable” and “combustible” materials. Precise definition of the classes is given in each
particular regulation.
The flash point indicates the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or non-
flammable material and flash point testing is often used as a preliminary step to other investigations
into the composition of unknown materials.
It is not appropriate for flash point determinations to be carried out on potentially unstable,
decomposable, or explosive materials, unless it has been previously established that heating the
specified quantity of such materials in contact with the metallic components of the flash point
apparatus, within the temperature range required for the method, does not induce decomposition,
explosion or other adverse effects.
The flash point is not a constant physical-chemical property of a material tested. It is a function of the
apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash
point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation
can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different
from that specified.
[8]
ISO/TR 29662 gives useful advice in carrying out flash point tests and interpreting results.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3679:2022(E)
Determination of flash point – Method for flash no-flash
and flash point by small scale closed cup tester
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure
the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the
applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
1 Scope
This document describes three procedures (A, B and C) covering determinations of flash no-flash and
flash point.
Rapid equilibrium procedures A and B are applicable to flash no-flash and flash point tests of paints,
including water-borne paints, varnishes, binders for paints and varnishes, adhesives, solvents,
petroleum products including aviation turbine, diesel and kerosene fuels, fatty acid methyl esters and
related products over the temperature range –30 °C to 300 °C. The rapid equilibrium procedures are
used to determine whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash no-flash
Procedure A) or the flash point of a sample (Procedure B). When used in conjunction with the flash
detector (A.1.6), this document is also suitable to determine the flash point of fatty acid methyl esters
(FAME). The validity of the precision is given in Table 2.
Non-equilibrium Procedure C is applicable to petroleum products including aviation turbine, diesel and
kerosine fuels, and related petroleum products, over the temperature range –20 °C to 300 °C. The non-
equilibrium procedure is automated to determine the flash point. Precision has been determined over
the range 40 °C to 135 °C.
For specifications and regulations Procedures A or B are routinely used (see 10.1).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
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oSIST prEN ISO 3679:2022
ISO/DIS 3679:2022(E)
3.1
equilibrium
in flash point test methods, the condition where the vapour above the test portion, and the test portion
are at the same temperature at the time the ignition source is applied.
Note 1 to entry: This condition may not be fully achieved in practice, since the temperature might not be uniform
throughout the test portion, and the test cover and shutter on the apparatus can be cooler or warmer.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of equilibrium test methods are ISO 3679 Procedures A and B, ISO 1516 and ISO 1523.
3.2
fatty acid methyl ester
FAME
fuel comprising mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal fats,
designated B100 or biodiesel (100 %).
[12] [15]
Note 1 to entry: FAME is specified in specifications such as EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 .
3.3
flash no-flash
application of an ignition source at the specified temperature of the test portion, as measured in the
prescribed manner, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from 101,3 kPa, to
determine whether the vapour of the test portion ignites and the flame propagates across the surface of
the liquid under the specified conditions of test.
3.4
flash point
lowest temperature of the test portion, adjusted to account for variations in atmospheric pressure from
101,3 kPa, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and
the flame to propagate across the surface of the liquid under the specified conditions of test.
3.5
non-equilibrium
in flash point test methods, the condition where the vapour above the test portion and the test portion
are not in temperature equilibrium at the time that the ignition source is applied.
Note 1 to entry: This condition is primarily caused by the heating of the test portion at the constant prescribed
rate with the vapour temperature lagging behind the test portion temperature.
[24]
Note 2 to entry: Examples of non-equilibrium test methods are ISO 3679 Procedure C, ISO 2719 and
[25]
ISO 13736 .
4 Principle
4.1 Rapid equilibrium Procedures A and B
A 2 ml or 4 ml test portion is introduced into the test cup that is set and maintained at the required test
temperature. After a specific time, when the vapours and test portion are deemed to be in temperature
equilibrium, an ignition source is applied and a determination is made (Procedure A) as to whether
or not a flash occurred. In order to determine the actual flash point of the sample, further tests, with
fresh test portions at different test cup temperatures, are carried out (Procedure B) until the flash
point is determined. The temperature is adjusted to account for variation in atmospheric pressure from
101,3 kPa, using a formula.
4.2 Non-equilibrium Procedure C
A 2 ml test portion is introduced into the test cup that is set and maintained at the required start
temperature. The test cup is then heated at a ramp rate of 1,5 °C /min to 2,5 °C / min and the ignition
source is applied at 1 °C temperature intervals until a flash point is detected. The detected flash point
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temperature is adjusted to account for variation in atmospheric pressure from 101,3 kPa, using a
formula.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, for the removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.
The choice of solvent will depend upon the previous material tested and the tenacity of the residue. Low
volatility aromatic (benzene-free) solvents can be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents can
be effective for the removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Reference materials, for flash point, certified reference materials (CRM) and/or secondary
working standards (SWS), as described in Annex B.
5.3 Gas for ignitor and pilot flame, not required if an electric ignitor is used. Butane, propane, coal
gas, or natural gas may be used.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Flash point apparatus, as specified in Annex A.
6.2 Barometer, absolute pressure reading, accurate to ±0,5 kPa. Barometers pre-corrected to give
sea level readings, such as those used at weather stations and airports, shall not be used.
6.3 Heating bath or oven (optional), for warming the sample, if required.
The bath and oven shall be suitable for use with volatile and flammable materials.
6.4 Cooling bath or freezer (optional), for cooling the samples, if required, and capable of cooling
the sample to 10 °C below the expected flash point.
The bath and freezer shall be suitable for use with volatile and flammable materials.
6.5 Draught shield (optional), if required to minimize draughts, a shield fitted at the back and on
two sides of the instrument.
6.6 Cup insert (optional), see Annex C.
For samples that are difficult to remove, a thin metal cup insert can be used but the precision has not
been determined.
6.7 Syringes
6.7.1 Syringe, capable of delivering 2,00 ml ± 0,05 ml and equipped with a nozzle suitable for the
required test temperature and apparatus.
To enable a 4 ml test portion to be used, this syringe can be used twice.
6.7.2 Syringe, capable of delivering 4,00 ml ± 0,10 ml and equipped with a nozzle suitable for the
required test temperature and apparatus.
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7 Preparation of apparatus
7.1 General
7.1.1 Select the appropriate instrument for the relevant Procedure and the expected flash point
temperature. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct set-up, verification (see 7.4) and
operation of the apparatus, especially the operation and setting of the ignition source.
7.1.1.1 Procedure C is automated and requires automated temperature ramp control; sub ambient
testing requires integrated cooling (see A.1.5).
7.1.2 The use of a cup insert (6.6) for potentially adherent materials is described in Annex C.
7.1.3 When testing FAME (Procedures A and B) use a 2 ml ± 0,05 ml test portion and a 60 s ± 2 s test
time, combined with an electronic thermal flash detector (see A.1.6).
7.1.4 For sub-ambient test temperatures use Annex D, unless the apparatus has integral test cup
cooling facilities.
7.2 Location of apparatus
Support the apparatus (Annex A) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free position.
A draught shield (6.5) is recommended to be used when protection from draughts is not available.
WARNING — When testing materials which can produce toxic vapours, the apparatus should be
located in a fume hood with an individual control of air flow, adjusted such that the vapours are
withdrawn without causing air currents around the test cup during the test.
7.3 Cleaning of the test cup assembly and accessories
Clean the test cup cover and its accessories with an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove traces of gum or
residue from the previous test. Wipe dry to remove all traces of solvent.
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the care and servicing of the instrument, especially
regarding electronic ignitors and flash detectors which can be fragile.
A stream of clean dry air, such as compressed air, can be used to remove the last traces of solvent used.
The filler orifice can be cleaned using a suitable cleaning device such as a small brush.
7.4 Apparatus verification
7.4.1 Check the temperature measuring devices and barometer at least once a year to ensure that
they are in accordance with A.1.4, Annex E and 6.2 requirements respectively.
7.4.2 Ensure the correct operation of ignition sources, in accordance with the manufacturers’
instructions and this test method.
7.4.3 Verify the accuracy of the apparatus at least once a year by testing a certified reference material
(CRM) (5.2 and Annex B). It is recommended that more frequent verification checks are made using a
reference material (5.2 and Annex B).
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7.4.4 The result of a single test obtained for a reference material shall be equal to or less than R /√2
from the certified value of the CRM or from the accepted reference value (ARV) of the SWS, where R is
the reproducibility of the test procedure.
NOTE These reference materials (RM) and in-house quality control samples can also be used to monitor
[26]
stability and establish statistical control limits, in accordance with ISO 4259-4 or equivalent standard, if
required.
7.4.5 The numerical values obtained during the verification check shall not be used to provide a bias
statement, nor shall they be used to make any correction to the flash points subsequently determined
using the apparatus.
7.4.6 If the instrument fails the verification test, it is recommended that the operator should follow
the manufacturers’ instructions and check the following,
...
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