SIST EN 16989:2018
(Main)Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Fire behaviour test for a complete seat
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Fire behaviour test for a complete seat
This document sets out a test protocol to determine the burning behaviour of a rail vehicle seat design using a set of complete seats prepared and tested according to the procedures given in this document. It also sets out a standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization.
This document describes:
- fire test method;
- test equipment specification;
- protocol for test specification procedure;
- vandalization procedure;
- calibration procedure.
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung des Brandverhaltens von Sitzen in Schienenfahrzeugen
Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfprotokoll zur Bestimmung des Brandverhaltens von Schienen¬fahrzeug-sitzkonstruktionen unter Verwendung einer Reihe von kompletten Sitzen fest, die nach den in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Verfahren vorbereitet und geprüft wurden. Er legt auch ein standardisiertes Verfahren zur Beurteilung des Vandalisierungspotentials eines Sitzes fest.
Dieses Dokument beschreibt
- die Prüfverfahren zum Brandverhalten;
- die Spezifikation der Prüfeinrichtungen;
- das Verfahrensprotokoll zur Testspezifikation;
- das Vandalismusverfahren;
- das Kalibrierungsverfahren.
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Essais de comportement au feu de siege complet
Le présent document décrit un protocole d'essai permettant de déterminer le comportement au feu d'une conception de siège de véhicule ferroviaire en utilisant un jeu de sièges complets préparés et soumis à essai conformément aux procédures indiquées dans le présent document. Il établit également une procédure normalisée pour évaluer le potentiel d'un siège à résister aux actes de vandalisme.
Le présent document décrit :
- une méthode d'essai au feu ;
- une spécification des équipements d'essai ;
- un protocole pour la procédure de spécification d'essai ;
- une procédure de vandalisme ;
- une procédure d'étalonnage.
Železniške naprave - Požarna zaščita na železniških vozilih - Preskus obnašanja ognja po celotnem sedežu
Ta osnutek evropskega standarda določa preskusni protokol za ugotavljanje gorljivosti sedeža v železniškem vozilu z uporabo celovitega kompleta sedežev, pripravljenega in preskušenega v skladu s postopki v tem dokumentu. Prav tako določa standardiziran postopek za ocenjevanje možnosti namernega poškodovanja sedeža. V tem osnutku evropskega standarda je opisano naslednje:
– metoda za preskušanje možnosti požara;
– specifikacija opreme za preskušanje;
– protokol za postopek specifikacije preskusa;
– postopek namernega poškodovanja;
– postopek umerjanja.
General Information
Overview - EN 16989:2018 (Railway seat fire behaviour test)
EN 16989:2018 is a CEN European standard that defines a standardized test protocol to evaluate the fire behaviour of complete rail vehicle seats and to assess a seat’s vandalization potential. The document sets out the fire test method, required test equipment and facilities, specimen preparation, a vandalization procedure, and detailed calibration procedures to ensure repeatable, comparable results. It was prepared by CEN/TC 256 and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope & purpose: Defines testing of complete seats to determine burning behaviour and resistance to common forms of vandalism.
- Test programme: Requirements for sets of test seats, conditioning, and pass/fail criteria for burning behaviour and vandalization.
- Fire test method: Positioning of seat and burner, burner types and application, test timings, instrumentation and data recording, and criteria for early termination.
- Test equipment & facilities: Specifications for smoke hood and exhaust, volume flow measurement, gas analysers (O2/CO2), smoke density systems, and instrumentation.
- Gas burner assembly: Design, burner support, gas supply, and burner calibration to deliver specified heat input.
- Seat preparation: Conditioning of specimens and detailed procedures for preparing vandalized seats (cutting, lifting, folding layers).
- Calibration procedures: Annex B covers calibration of flow, heat-release and smoke measurement systems, analyser adjustments and system-level calibrations to ensure accuracy and repeatability.
- Vandalism assessment: Annex A specifies machine-assisted penetration/laceration tests and bonded layer pull tests to assess seat covering vulnerability.
Practical applications and users
Who uses EN 16989:2018:
- Rolling stock manufacturers and seat designers - to validate seat designs for fire safety and vandal resistance.
- Railway operators and procurement teams - to specify acceptance criteria for new or refurbished seating.
- Independent test laboratories - to perform accredited seat fire tests and produce compliant test reports.
- Regulatory bodies and safety engineers - to assess compliance with railway fire protection requirements. Practical uses include type approval testing, material/component selection, safety risk assessment, refurbishment acceptance testing, and supporting compliance with EN 45545 series requirements.
Related standards
- EN 45545-1 / EN 45545-2 (Railway fire protection requirements)
- EN 13238, EN 13823 (reaction-to-fire test references)
- EN ISO 13943 (fire safety vocabulary)
- ISO 5725 series (measurement precision)
EN 16989:2018 provides a repeatable, standardized approach for assessing seat fire behaviour and vandalization risk - essential for ensuring passenger safety and regulatory compliance in railway vehicle interiors.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2018
äHOH]QLãNHQDSUDYH3RåDUQD]DãþLWDQDåHOH]QLãNLKYR]LOLK3UHVNXVREQDãDQMD
RJQMDSRFHORWQHPVHGHåX
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Fire behaviour test for a
complete seat
Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung des Brandverhaltens
von Sitzen in Schienenfahrzeugen
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires -
Essais de comportement au feu de siege complet
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16989:2018
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
45.060.20 Železniški vagoni Trailing stock
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16989
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.40; 45.060.20
English Version
Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles -
Fire behaviour test for a complete seat
Applications ferroviaires - Protection contre les Bahnanwendungen - Brandschutz in
incendies dans les véhicules ferroviaires - Essais de Schienenfahrzeugen - Prüfung des Brandverhaltens
comportement au feu de siège complet von kompletten Sitzen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 February 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16989:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Assessment method for the fire behaviour of rail seats . 9
4.1 General requirements for assessment . 9
4.2 Seat test programme . 9
4.2.1 Test programme requirements. 9
4.2.2 Seat vandalization . 10
4.2.3 Seat fire test programme . 11
5 Test equipment and facilities . 11
5.1 Test equipment . 11
5.2 Hood and smoke exhaust system . 12
5.2.1 General requirements . 12
5.2.2 Volume flow measurement system . 13
5.2.3 Gas analysers . 13
5.2.4 Smoke measurement system . 14
5.3 Gas burner assembly . 14
5.3.1 General description . 14
5.3.2 Gas burner . 15
5.3.3 Burner support arm and support stand . 17
5.3.4 Burner gas supply . 20
5.4 Instrumentation and data recording . 20
6 Test seat preparation . 21
6.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 21
6.2 Preparation of a vandalized test seat . 21
6.2.1 General requirements . 21
6.2.2 Test seat vandalization - Cutting . 21
6.2.3 Test seat vandalization - Lifting and folding cut layers . 22
7 Seat fire test . 24
7.1 Seat and burner positioning and test preparation . 24
7.1.1 Position of seat and burner relative to the smoke hood . 24
7.1.2 Position of the burner on the seat . 25
7.1.3 Movement of the burner from the test position to the neutral position . 27
7.2 Seat fire test . 27
7.2.1 Test procedure . 27
7.2.2 Instrumentation and equipment stabilization . 27
7.2.3 Start of data recording and ignition . 28
7.2.4 Start of test period, application of gas burner . 28
7.2.5 Burning behaviour . 28
7.2.6 Early termination of test . 28
7.2.7 Test results . 28
7.2.8 Test report . 29
8 Precision . 30
8.1 Introduction. 30
8.2 Burner heat release . 30
8.3 Heat release rate of pool fires . 30
8.4 Mock-up seats . 31
Annex A (normative) Seat covering vandalism potential assessment . 32
A.1 Introduction. 32
A.2 Vandalization machine . 32
A.3 Vandalization machine preparation . 37
A.3.1 Longitudinal force and speed set up . 37
A.3.2 Knife tip force set up . 38
A.4 Preparation of test specimen . 39
A.4.1 Test specimen construction . 39
A.4.2 Preparing and fitting of the test specimen . 39
A.5 Test procedure . 40
A.5.1 Number of tests . 40
A.5.2 Penetration and laceration tests . 40
A.6 Bonded layer pull test . 41
A.7 Test report . 43
Annex B (normative) Calibration procedures . 45
B.1 Summary of Calibrations . 45
B.2 Equipment Calibrations . 45
B.2.1 Propane mass flow controller . 45
B.2.2 Oxygen analyser adjustment . 46
B.2.3 Carbon dioxide analyser adjustment . 47
B.2.4 Oxygen analyser output noise and drift . 47
B.2.5 Light measuring equipment . 48
B.3 System Calibrations . 49
B.3.1 Velocity profile factor k . 49
t,v
B.3.2 Heat Release System Calibration: Step Calibration . 51
B.3.3 Smoke Density System Calibration: Heptane Calibration . 55
B.3.4 Flow factor k . 57
t
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered. 58
Bibliography . 60
European foreword
This document (EN 16989:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by December 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive 2008/57/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been developed from EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015, Annexes A and B, and relevant
European and ISO standards.
1 Scope
This document sets out a test protocol to determine the burning behaviour of a rail vehicle seat design
using a set of complete seats prepared and tested according to the procedures given in this document. It
also sets out a standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization.
This document describes:
— fire test method;
— test equipment specification;
— protocol for test specification procedure;
— vandalization procedure;
— calibration procedure.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Conditioning procedures and general rules for
selection of substrates
EN 13823:2010+A1:2014, Reaction to fire tests for building products — Building products excluding
floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item
EN 45545-1, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 1: General
EN 45545-2:2013+A1:2015, Railway applications — Fire protection on railway vehicles — Part 2:
Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances (IEC 60584 1)
EN ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary (ISO 13943)
ISO 3966, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes
ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 1: General
principles and definitions
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method
for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ISO 8421-1, Fire protection — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire
ISO 9705-1, Reaction to fire tests — Room corner test for wall and ceiling lining products — Part 1: Test
method for a small room configuration
ISO/TR 9705-2, Reaction-to-fire tests — Full-scale room tests for surface products — Part 2: Technical
background and guidance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943 and ISO 8421-1 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
Figure 1 defines the elements that make up a typical seat.
NOTE Depending on the application, not all seats include all of the elements shown. For example, seats can be
partially upholstered or without upholstery at all. Seats can also be without armrests or without headrests.
Key
1 seat back (cushion) 5 armrest
2 seat base (cushion) 6 anti-Macassar or pillow
3 seat shell (back) 7 headrest
4 seat shell (base)
Figure 1 — Definition of seat elements
3.1
seat shell
exposed part of a seat structure
Note 1 to entry: A seat shell can be a single assembly or consist of separate base and back units.
3.2
seat structure
part of a seat to which upholstery, armrests, headrests and any accessories are fitted as required by the
seat design
3.3
upholstery
fabrics and materials used in the covering and padding of a seat
3.4
cushion
soft and flexible part fitted to a seat to give support to the body and provide comfort, typically upholstered
3.4.1
base cushion
cushion fitted to a seat to support the bottom and thighs of the user
3.4.2
back cushion
cushion fitted to a seat to support the user’s back
3.5
armrest
fixed or moveable support for the seat user’s arms
3.6
headrest
part of the seat provided to support the user’s head and neck, typically upholstered
Note 1 to entry: It can be integrated into the seat back or fitted as a separate component.
3.7
anti-macassar
removable cloth cover for a seat headrest
Note 1 to entry: It can be regularly changed for cleaning, easily removable by hand.
3.8
pillow
loose or removable padded item to provide additional support or comfort
Note 1 to entry: It can be regularly changed for cleaning, if attached to the seat, easily removable by hand.
3.9
vandalization
cutting or slashing of the covering of a rail vehicle seat with a knife or other blade
3.9.1
full vandalization
cutting of all the layers of the seat covering
Note 1 to entry: If all the layers of the covering are cut to give a fully vandalized seat, if the inner layer is bonded
to the interior construction (i.e. foam), then it could be impossible to lift the cut layer without application of force
to pull it away (see A.6).
3.9.2
partial vandalization
cutting of some of the outer layers of the seat covering only
Note 1 to entry: Partial vandalization can be achieved for example if anti-vandal materials are used beneath the
outer covering.
4 Assessment method for the fire behaviour of rail seats
4.1 General requirements for assessment
The test seats are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source. The reactions are measured and
analysed.
The flaming ignition source is a representation of the thermal attack of the ignition model 1 of
EN 45545-1 and shall be represented by the application of a gas burner for three minutes, supplying
15 kW of heat (see 5.3 for details of the burner and 7.2 for the test procedure).
The test programme shall be undertaken, using the quantities of seats specified in 4.2.2 to obtain
representative results for the type of seat to be assessed. Heat release rate (HRR), maximum average heat
release (MARHE), total smoke production (TSP) and flame height shall be evaluated.
Test equipment specifications are set out in Clause 5.
The preparation of the seat specimens is set out in Clause 6 taking into account vandalization.
The fire test procedure for each seat and the requirements for analysis and reporting of the results are
set out in Clause 7.
A standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization is set out in Annex A.
Calibration procedures are set out in Annex B.
This test protocol does not provide information on the fire performance of seats under conditions other
than those specified in this standard.
4.2 Seat test programme
4.2.1 Test programme requirements
The seats shall be representative of production for the type of seat being assessed. The seats shall be
complete and include back and base shells and all upholstery as used in practice, and if applicable arm
rests and head rests. The testing programme is summarized in the flow chart set out in Figure 2.
Items which are removable by hand (e.g. anti-macassars, pillows) which are assessed separately
according to EN 45545-2 shall not be included in the test specimens.
Vandalization requirements for the test seats shall be determined according to 4.2.2.
All seats to be tested shall be conditioned according to Clause 6 and tested according to Clause 7. If
vandalization is required, it shall be applied according to 6.2.
The test programme shall be in accordance with 4.2.3.
For each individual fire test the results shall be reported according to the requirements of 7.2.7.
In addition a summary of results for the seat type assessed shall be produced to tabulate for all the seats
tested the results required for product classification: MARHE, Peak HRR, TSP and flame height.
Figure 2 — Seat test flow chart
4.2.2 Seat vandalization
Where a seat’s potential for vandalization is known, it is not required to make a new assessment provided
that the results of earlier tests according to Annex A of this document are available and are included in
the seat test reports.
For upholstered seats, as shown in Figure 2, the seat is either:
1) tested in a fully vandalized condition, or
2) considered to be unvandalizable or partially vandalizable by incorporating particular materials and
construction techniques which have been already assessed using the procedure set out in Annex A,
or
3) assessed using the procedure set out in Annex A to determine if the seat is tested fully vandalized,
partially vandalized or unvandalized.
NOTE A seat with a replaceable outer covering which can be cut and layers beneath which cannot be cut when
tested according to Annex A is an example of a seat construction which is partially vandalizable.
For seats to be tested in a fully or partially vandalized condition, the test programme shall be according
to 4.2.3.1.
For seats to be tested in an unvandalized condition, the test programme shall be according to 4.2.3.2.
Seats without upholstery shall be tested without vandalization (according to 4.2.3.2).
4.2.3 Seat fire test programme
4.2.3.1 Testing with vandalization
Four fire tests are required if the seat is to be tested fully or partially vandalized.
All seats to be tested shall be conditioned in accordance with 6.1.
The test programme shall be as follows:
a) two fire tests shall be undertaken according to Clause 7, with the seat in a vandalized condition.
Vandalization shall be applied to the seat to be tested in accordance with 6.2;
b) two fire tests shall be undertaken according to Clause 7, with the seat in an unvandalized condition.
4.2.3.2 Testing without vandalization
All seats to be tested shall be conditioned in accordance with 6.1.
Two fire tests shall be undertaken according to Clause 7 with the seat in an unvandalized condition.
5 Test equipment and facilities
5.1 Test equipment
The air supply should be sufficient to ensure that the combustion process is not affected. There should be
a uniform air supply through the opening of the front side under the hood.
NOTE 1 These conditions can be achieved if the tests are conducted in a room having a volume of at least 250 m .
To conduct the complete seat fire test described in this document the following test equipment is required
as shown in Figure 3:
— a hood and smoke exhaust system (see 5.2);
— a gas burner assembly (see 5.3);
— instrumentation (see 5.4).
NOTE 2 It is assumed that this equipment is located in facilities similar to those typically found in a fire testing
laboratory.
a) Side view b) Front view
Key
1 exhaust duct 5 seat support
2 exhaust duct instrumentation 6 side panel
3 hood and side sheets 7 seat
4 burner 8 vertical axis of the hood
Figure 3 — Complete seat test method schematic
5.2 Hood and smoke exhaust system
5.2.1 General requirements
A hood and exhaust system to measure heat release using oxygen depletion calorimetry and to measure
smoke production shall be used.
A smoke hood, exhaust duct and associated instrumentation in accordance with the dimensions given in
ISO 9705-1 and ISO/TR 9705-2 shall be used.
It is permissible to use alternative systems which shall be demonstrated to not change the reaction to fire
behaviour of the seat undergoing test and it shall be demonstrated that the accuracy of the measurements
is as least as accurate as the ISO 9705 arrangement.
The lower edge of the hood shall be at a height of 2 400 mm above floor level.
Three sides of the hood shall have non-combustible sidewalls extending to the floor, the fourth side shall
be fitted with a steel plate 3 000 mm by 1 000 mm thus enabling ventilation and observations to be taken
throughout the test. See Figure 4.
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Side view b) Front view
Key
1 exhaust duct 5 smoke hood
2 volume flow measurement 6 steel plate
3 smoke measurement system 7 side and end walls
4 gas analysers (O , CO ) 8 vertical axis of the hood
2 2
NOTE It is possible for the exhaust system to be located on any of the four faces of the hood plenum chamber.
Figure 4 — Smoke hood and exhaust system
5.2.2 Volume flow measurement system
The volume flow in the exhaust duct shall be measured using a pressure transducer with a range of at
least 0 Pa to 250 Pa, and a precision of ± 2,5 Pa. The pressure transducer output shall have a 90 %
response time of 1 s or better.
An orifice plate system is recommended for the pressure measurement used to determine the volume
flow. Alternatives are a pitot tube or a bi-directional probe.
For calibration of the volume flow system, see Annex B.
5.2.3 Gas analysers
The gas sampling probe shall be connected to a gas conditioning unit and gas analysers for O and CO .
2 2
The O analyser shall be of the paramagnetic type and:
— shall be capable of measuring at least in the range of 16 % to 21 % oxygen (V /V );
O2 air
— the response time of the analyser shall be not more than 12 s;
−6
— the noise and drift of the analyser shall be not more than 100 × 10 (100 ppm) over a period of
30 min;
— the output from the analyser to the data acquisition system shall have a resolution of not greater than
−6
100 × 10 (100 ppm).
For calibration of the O analyser, see Annex B.
The CO analyser shall be of the IR type and:
— shall be capable of measuring at least a range of 0 % to 10 % carbon dioxide;
— the linearity of the analyser shall be 1 % of full scale or better;
— the response time of the analyser shall be not more than 12 s;
— the output from the analyser to the data acquisition system shall have a resolution of not greater than
−6
100 × 10 (100 ppm).
For calibration of the CO analyser, see Annex B.
5.2.4 Smoke measurement system
The smoke measurement shall be in accordance with EN 13823. The main principles are detailed below:
— a light attenuation system, of the white light type, mounted with a flexible connection to the side
ducts of the exhaust duct shall be used to assess the smoke production. The system shall consist of a
lamp, a lens system and a detector;
— the lamp shall be of the incandescent filament type and operate at a colour temperature of
(2 900 ± 100) K. The lamp shall be supplied with stabilized direct current, stable within 0,5 %
(including temperature, short-term and long-term stability);
— the lens system shall align the light to a parallel beam with a diameter of at least 20 mm. The photocell
aperture shall be placed at the focus of the lens in front of it and it shall have a diameter, d, chosen
with regard to the focal length of the lens, f, so that d/f is less than 0,04;
— the detector shall have a spectrally distributed responsivity agreeing with the CIE V(γ)-function (the
CIE photopic curves) to an accuracy of at least 5 %. Over an output range of at least two decades, the
detector output shall be linear within 3 % of the measured transmission value or 1 % of the absolute
transmission;
— to prevent smoke being trapped in the side ducts and the deposition of soot on the optics, air shall be
introduced into the side ducts either by self-suction or pressurized airflow. If pressurized airflow is
used, the flow rate shall be no more than 5 l/min;
— the 90 % response time of the system shall not be greater than 3 s.
For calibration of the light attenuation system, see Annex B.
5.3 Gas burner assembly
5.3.1 General description
The burner assembly consists of the burner, a pivoting burner support arm, an adjustable counterweight
and a support stand as shown in Figure 5. The burner position in the support arm and the support stand
are adjustable.
Key
1 gas tube 5 burner
2 burner support arm 6 burner head
3 pivot 7 adjustable counterweight
4 burner clamps 8 support stand
Figure 5 — Gas burner assembly
5.3.2 Gas burner
The burner shall be constructed from stainless steel tube with an internal diameter of (9,0 ± 0,1) mm and
an external diameter of (14,0 ± 0,1) mm.
Seamless stainless steel tube, Grade X5CrNi18-10, steel number 1.4301, satisfying the requirements of
EN 10297-2 [1] is recommended.
The burner tube shall be formed as shown in Figure 6.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 burner tube
2 burner head (see Figure 7)
3 in-line connector (optional)
4 bend
Figure 6 — Gas burner
The burner head shall be constructed from sections of tube to the same size and specification as the main
burner tube, welded as shown in Figure 7 to form a 115 mm hollow square.
A 9 mm diameter hole shall be positioned in the burner head at the position shown in Figures 6 and 7 and
the burner head welded to the burner tube at an angle of 35°.
An in-line connector near to the burner head, which can be released manually or using hand tools, is
recommended to facilitate cleaning of the burner.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 burner head
2 burner tube
3 spacer bar
4 studs and wing nuts
Item 4 is informative, alternative methods to secure the spacer bar may be used.
Figure 7 — Burner head and spacer
A stainless steel spacer bar, 17 mm wide and 1,5 mm thick shall be fitted to the burner head as shown in
Figure 7 in order to maintain a distance of 10 mm between the underside of the burner and the surface
of the seat during testing.
The burner head shall have 25 holes, 1,2 mm diameter, positioned and orientated as shown in Figure 8.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 horizontal
2 vertical
3 with inclination of 45° to the inside
4 with inclination of 45° to the outside
NOTE The burner head is symmetrical about the burner tube axis.
Figure 8 — Position of the burner holes
5.3.3 Burner support arm and support stand
The burner support arm and support stand are shown in Figure 9. Dimensions on the counterweight side
and details of the counterweight mechanism are informative.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 burner 5 burner clamps
2 burner support arm 6 support stand
3 pivot H support stand height - adjustable
4 counterweight
Figure 9 — Side view of the burner arm
The burner support arm shall be pivoted to allow unrestricted movement in the vertical plane from a
raised position throughout the range of positions required for testing.
It is recommended that the burner arm can pivot to give an upward movement of at least 60° and a
downward movement of at least 20°, from a datum position where the burner head is horizontal.
The burner shall be attached to the support arm using two clamps. The burner arm length, the overall
length of the burner assembly from the pivot, shall be 1 500 mm (see Figure 9).
The pivot arrangement shall not interfere with the flexible tube connection to the burner.
The burner support arm shall have an adjustable counterweight to allow a downward load to be applied
by the burner head onto the base of the seat during the test (see Figures 9, 10 and 11 for an example of a
mechanism to achieve this).
NOTE The load to be applied by the burner head represents the weight of the ignition source that is simulated
by the gas burner.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 burner 3 pivot
2 burner support arm 4 burner clamps
a counterweight adjustment mechanism
(see Figure 11)
Figure 10 — Plan view of the burner arm
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 counterweight
2 adjustment screw
3 nut
4 anti-rotation pin and guide
5 adjustment handle
NOTE The loading on the burner head is adjusted using this mechanism to change the position of the
counterweight.
Figure 11 —Counterweight adjustment mechanism (informative)
The height of the support stand shall be adjustable. It is recommended that the support stand also has
adjustable feet to allow changes to the angle of the stand relative to the floor.
It is recommended that the support stand can be released, tipped back to facilitate the pivoting of the
burner arm and then re-secured in an upright position.
The nominal pivot height for the support stand is 885 mm (dimension ‘H’, Figure 9). The pivot height
required to correctly position the burner head is a function of the seat geometry. An adjustment range of
at least ± 75 mm is recommended.
A quick release lock, pin or clamp to hold the burner in the raised neutral position should be provided.
5.3.4 Burner gas supply
The burner shall be connected to a gas cylinder (or tank) containing liquefied propane (minimum purity
95 %) using a flexible tube, with a mass flow controller and a stop valve.
The flexible tube shall have an overall length between 2,5 m and 3,0 m and an internal diameter of
(7 ± 1) mm.
The gas supply system equipment, for example tubes, couplings and mass flow controller, shall be
approved for use with propane.
The precision of the mass flow controller shall be better than ± 10 mg/s measured at propane mass flow
rate of (324 ± 5) mg/s (the nominal rate used during testing).
5.4 Instrumentation and data recording
Thermocouples, of the K-type in accordance with EN 60584-1, diameter (1 ± 0,5) mm shall be used for
measuring the ambient temperature of the air flow into the test room and the temperature of the air flow
into the duct.
Equipment for measuring the ambient pressure in the test room shall be provided, with a precision equal
to or better than ± 200 Pa (2 mbar).
Equipment for measuring the relative ambient air humidity in the test room shall be provided, with a
precision equal to or better than ± 5 % within the range 20 % to 80 %.
A chronometer with a digital display showing seconds shall be provided.
The following data shall be measured and recorded automatically at 3 s intervals during the test:
— the time (t) in s;
— the mass flow rate of propane gas to the burner (m ) in mg/s;
gas
— the pressure transducer output (Δp) from the general measuring section in the exhaust duct, in Pa;
— the O mole fraction in the exhaust flow (xO ), sampled at the gas-sampling probe in the general
2 2
measuring section in the exhaust duct;
mole fraction in the exhaust flow (xCO ), sampled at the gas-sampling probe in the general
— the CO2 2
measuring section in the exhaust duct;
— the ambient temperature (T ), in K;
— the temperature in the exhaust duct (T ), in K;
E
— the signal from the light receiver (I), of the white light system at the general measuring section in the
exhaust duct, in percent.
The data acquisition system shall have a precision equal to or better than:
−6
— 100 × 10 (100 ppm (0,01 %)) for O and CO ;
2 2
— 0,5 °C for the temperature measurements;
— 0,01 % of full scale instrument output for all other instruments; and
— 0,1 s for time.
The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are measured only in the exhaust duct; both
concentrations are assumed to be constant in the air that enters the test room. It should be noted that the
air supplied from a space where oxygen is consumed (e.g. by fire tests) cannot fulfil this assumption.
6 Test seat preparation
6.1 Conditioning of test specimens
The seat shall be conditioned prior to test for a minimum of 72 h at (50 ± 5) % relative humidity and
(23 ± 2) °C.
The entire testing procedure until the end of the test shall be carried out within 2 h of removal of a
specimen from the conditioning environment.
6.2 Preparation of a vandalized test seat
6.2.1 General requirements
If vandalization is required, the level of vandalism determined in 4.2.1 shall be reproduced according to
6.2.2, 6.2.3 and as follows.
If the level of vandalism is determined by the Annex A test, the layers that were cut or perforated for a
longer distance than 50 mm during the Annex A test shall be cut.
If one of the fully cut through layers is bonded to an underlayer, the results of the pull test (see Annex A,
A.6) shall determine if the layer is to be lifted and folded over or not.
If the level of vandalization is specified directly, the layers to be cut shall be defined in the seat test
specification and if there are bonded layers the seat test specification shall specify if there are to be lifted
or not.
6.2.2 Test seat vandalization - Cutting
Test seats shall be cut as follows:
— The seat base cushion shall be cut to along the diagonal lines defined in Figure 12 a), beginning at
50 mm from the corners.
— The seat back cushion shall be cut to along the diagonal lines defined in Figure 12 b) beginning at
50 mm from the lower corners, to expose an area of 500 mm in height, subject to there being at least
a height of 50 mm from the top edges of the seat to the upper ends of the cut lines.
Dimension a and b (see Figure 12 b)) is determined as follows:
— For the seat back cushion with a height greater than 600 mm, the expose height is 500 mm.
b = 500 mm and a is > 50 mm.
— For seat back cushion with a height less or equal 600 mm, the distance from the top edge of the seat
to the upper ends of the cut line is 50 mm. a = 50 mm and b is ≤ 500 mm.
If back or base cushions are made of multiple cushions, they should be cut as 1 cushion and the layers
lifted as 1 cushion (this might need extra cutting).
If wires, multiple layers where the fabric is pulled through to the back of the cushion or other features
are encountered, for example to shape the upholstery, these features shall be cut through.
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Seat base b) Seat back
Key
1 cut lines
2 boundary of exposed area
a upper border, material not cut, minimum 50 mm
b height of cut area, maximum height 500 mm
Seat back height a (mm) b (mm)
≤ 600 mm 50 ≤ 500
> 600 mm ≥ 50 500
Figure 12 — Test seat cutting for vandalization
6.2.3 Test seat vandalization - Lifting and folding cut layers
When preparing a vandalized test seat, the objective is for all the cut layers to be lifted and folded back to
expose the interior of the upholstery construction as shown in Figure 13.
The fully cut layers shall be lifted and folded over and pinned as shown in Figure 13. The folding and
pinning shall be done so that there is no interference with the burner trajectory.
To allow the burner to be correctly positioned, the folded over layers at the interface between the back
and base of the seat shall be cut off as shown in Figure 13.
...
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 16989:2018 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Fire behaviour test for a complete seat". This standard covers: This document sets out a test protocol to determine the burning behaviour of a rail vehicle seat design using a set of complete seats prepared and tested according to the procedures given in this document. It also sets out a standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization. This document describes: - fire test method; - test equipment specification; - protocol for test specification procedure; - vandalization procedure; - calibration procedure.
This document sets out a test protocol to determine the burning behaviour of a rail vehicle seat design using a set of complete seats prepared and tested according to the procedures given in this document. It also sets out a standardized procedure to assess a seat’s potential for vandalization. This document describes: - fire test method; - test equipment specification; - protocol for test specification procedure; - vandalization procedure; - calibration procedure.
SIST EN 16989:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products; 45.060.20 - Trailing stock. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 16989:2018 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2008/57/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/483. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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