SIST EN ISO 14406:2012

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)

ISO 14406:2010 specifies the basic terminology for GPS extraction. It defines a framework for the fundamental operations used in GPS extraction and introduces the concepts of sampling and reconstruction for extraction, together with some principal sampling schemes on several basic geometries.

Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Erfassung (ISO 14406:2010)

Diese Internationale Norm legt die grundlegende Terminologie für die Erfassung zur Geometrischen Produktspezifikation (GPS) fest und legt ein Rahmen für die grundlegenden, in der GPS Erfassung verwendeten Operationen fest. Es stellt die Konzepte der Musterung und Rekonstruktion für Erfassung, zusammen mit einigen prinzipiellen Musterprogrammen entsprechend der mehreren Basisgeometrien.

Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)

L'ISO14406:2010 spécifie la terminologie de base concernant l'extraction GPS. Il définit un cadre pour les opérations fondamentales utilisées dans l'extraction GPS et introduit les concepts d'échantillonnage et de reconstruction pour l'extraction ainsi que les principaux plans d'échantillonnage en fonction de plusieurs géométries de base.

Specifikacija geometrijskih veličin izdelka - Zajemanje (ISO 14406:2010)

Ta mednarodni standard določa osnovno terminologijo za zajemanje specifikacij geometrijskih veličin izdelka (GPS). Določa okvir za temeljne operacije, ki se uporabljajo pri zajemanju GPS, in predstavlja koncepte vzorčenja in rekonstrukcije za zajemanje, skupaj z nekaterimi glavnimi shemami vzorčenja na več osnovnih geometrijah.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Nov-2011
• ICS: 17.040.40 - Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)
• Technical Committee: ISEL - Mechanical elements
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Nov-2011
• Due Date: 28-Jan-2012
• Completion Date: 29-Nov-2011
• Ref Project: EN ISO 14406:2010 - Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)

Overview

EN ISO 14406:2010 - Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Extraction defines the basic terminology and conceptual framework for extracting geometrical information from measured surfaces. Published by ISO and adopted by CEN as EN ISO 14406:2010, the standard introduces sampling and reconstruction concepts for GPS extraction and describes principal sampling schemes for common geometries. It targets the digital-processing stage where physical surface measurements become primary extracted surfaces used for filtering, characterization and verification.

Key Topics

• Scope and terminology for GPS extraction including definitions of skin model, real surface, mechanical surface, and electromagnetic surface.
• Primary mathematical model and primary surface concepts: nested representations indexed by a nesting index and described by a finite number of parameters (degrees of freedom).
• Primary extracted surface: finite sets of data points sampled from the primary surface - the basis for digital filtering and parameter calculation.
• Sampling and reconstruction:
  • Reconstruction methods that select a primary mathematical model passing exactly through sampled points.
  • Concept of exact reconstruction and risks such as sampling aliasing (multiple models fitting the same samples).
• Filtering concepts relevant to extraction:
  • Wavelets (exact reconstruction properties)
  • Morphological filters and associated reconstruction zones (e.g., circular disk, horizontal-line structuring elements)
• Sampling schemes covered (principal examples):
  • Orthogonal grid (including variants such as birdcage and polar-grid arrangements)
  • Specified grid
  • Stratified sampling
  • Helical, spiral and spider-web patterns
  • Points-method sampling
• Relationship of extraction concepts to the GPS matrix model and measurement uncertainty considerations.

Applications and Users

EN ISO 14406:2010 is practical for organizations and professionals involved in:

• Coordinate and surface metrology (metrologists, lab managers)
• Quality assurance and inspection engineers converting sensor outputs into verification data
• Developers of measurement software and signal-processing algorithms (sampling, reconstruction, filtering)
• Manufacturers of tactile and optical measurement instruments (scanners, interferometers)
• Product designers and tolerance engineers who rely on robust surface characterization for function and fit

Typical applications include surface characterization, datum and form extraction, reverse engineering, digital filtering before tolerance evaluation, and choosing sampling strategies to avoid aliasing.

Related Standards

Key normative references and adjacent GPS standards:

• ISO 14660-1 - Geometrical features - General terms and definitions
• ISO/TS 16610-1 and ISO/TS 16610-40 - Filtration and morphological profile filters
• ISO 17450-1 and ISO 17450-2 - GPS general concepts and model for specification and verification

For implementation, refer to EN ISO 14406:2010 alongside these GPS standards to ensure coherent terminology and compliant extraction practices.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) - Erfassung (ISO 14406:2010)Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)17.040.40Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 14406:2010SIST EN ISO 14406:2012en,fr,de01-januar-2012SIST EN ISO 14406:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN ISO 14406
December 2010 ICS 17.040.01 English Version
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) - Extraction (ISO 14406:2010)
Geometrische Produktspezifikation (GPS) -Erfassung (ISO 14406:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14406:2010: ESIST EN ISO 14406:2012

Reference numberISO 14406:2010(E)© ISO 2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14406First edition2010-12-15Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Extraction Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Extraction
ISO 14406:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
©
ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
+ 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail
[e-mail] Web
www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 14406:2010(E) © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Sampling and reconstruction for extraction.5 4.1 General.5 4.2 Wavelets: exact reconstruction.5 4.3 Morphological filters: zone of possible reconstruction.5 4.3.1 General.5 4.3.2 Circular disk structuring element.6 4.3.3 Horizontal line structuring element.7 5 Sampling schemes.7 5.1 General.7 5.2 Orthogonal grid.8 5.3 Orthogonal grid [birdcage].8 5.4 Orthogonal grid [polar grid].9 5.5 Specified grid.9 5.6 Stratified.10 5.7 Helix.10 5.8 Spiral.11 5.9 Spider web.11 5.10 Points method.12 Annex A (informative)
Concept diagram.13 Annex B (informative)
Relation to the GPS matrix model.14 Bibliography.16
ISO 14406:2010(E) iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14406 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification. SIST EN ISO 14406:2012

ISO 14406:2010(E) © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences the chain links 3 and 5 of all chains of standards. For more detailed information of the relation of this International Standard to the GPS matrix model, see Annex B. This International Standard develops the terminology and concepts for GPS extraction. It introduces the concept of sampling and reconstruction for extraction (see ISO 17450-1).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14406:2010(E) © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Extraction 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the basic terminology for GPS extraction. It defines a framework for the fundamental operations used in GPS extraction and introduces the concepts of sampling and reconstruction for extraction, together with some principal sampling schemes on several basic geometries. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14660-1:1999, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical features — Part 1: General terms and definitions ISO/TS 16610-1:2006, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration — Part 1: Overview and basic concepts ISO/TS 16610-40:2006, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration — Part 40: Morphological profile filters: Basic concepts ISO 17450-1:—1), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — General concepts — Part 1: Model for geometrical specification and verification ISO 17450-2:—2), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — General concepts — Part 2: Basic tenets, specifications, operators and uncertainties 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14660-1, ISO/TS 16610-1, ISO/TS 16610-40, ISO 17450-1, ISO 17450-2 and the following apply. 3.1 non-ideal surface model (of a workpiece) skin model (of a workpiece) model of the physical interface of the workpiece with its environment [ISO 17450-1:—, 3.27]
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-1:2005) 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-2:2002) SIST EN ISO 14406:2012

ISO 14406:2010(E) 2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 3.1.1 mechanical surface boundary of the erosion, by a sphere of radius r, of the locus of the centre of an ideal tactile sphere, also with radius r, rolled over the skin model of a workpiece (3.1) NOTE 1 Erosion is a morphological operation (see ISO/TS 16610-40). NOTE 2 The mechanical surface is an essential characteristic of a skin model of a workpiece. 3.1.2 electromagnetic surface
surface obtained by the electromagnetic interaction with the skin model of a workpiece (3.1) NOTE 1 Different wavelengths give different surfaces. NOTE 2 The electromagnetic surface is an essential characteristic of a skin model of a workpiece. NOTE 3 Examples of electromagnetic surface include optical surfaces from coherence-scanning interferometers, optical stylus instruments and scanning confocal microscopes. 3.2 real surface of a workpiece set of features which physically exist and separate the entire workpiece from the surrounding medium [ISO 14660-1:1999, 2.4.1] NOTE Real surfaces of workpieces have many potential functional uses, from bearing surfaces in roller bearings to visual appearance in car body panels. At the atomic level, these different functions define different real surfaces, depending on the nature of the functional interaction with the surface. Since nanoscale measurement is becoming increasingly important economically, there is a requirement to differentiate between these different functional surfaces. The mechanical surface and the electromagnetic surface, defined below, are two commonly used functional surfaces. 3.2.1 real mechanical surface boundary of the erosion, by a sphere of radius r, of the locus of the centre of an ideal tactile sphere, also with radius r, rolled over the real surface of a workpiece (3.2) NOTE 1 Erosion is a morphological operation (see ISO/TS 16610- 40). NOTE 2 The real mechanical surface is a specific type of real surface of a workpiece. 3.2.2 real electromagnetic surface
surface obtained by the electromagnetic interaction with the real surface of a workpiece (3.2) NOTE 1 The locus of the effective ideal reflection point can be affected by both the topographical surface and the ma
...