SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
(Main)Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - General rules for the compilation of performance test schedules (ISO 4180:2019)
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - General rules for the compilation of performance test schedules (ISO 4180:2019)
This standard establishes general rules for the compilation of performance test schedules for complete, filled transport packages intended for use within any distribution system except for the packages used for dangerous goods.
Verpackung - Versandfertige Packstücke - Allgemeine Regeln für die Erstellung von Prüfplänen (ISO 4180:2019)
Dieses Dokument legt allgemeine Regeln für die Erstellung von Prüfplänen für versandfertige Packstücke zur Nutzung im Rahmen von Verteilungsprozessen fest, ausgenommen sind Gefahrgutverpackungen.
Emballages - Emballages d'expédition complets et pleins - Règles générales pour l'établissement de programmes d'essais de performance (ISO 4180:2019)
Le présent document spécifie les règles générales pour l'établissement de programmes d'essais de performance pour les emballages d'expédition complets et pleins destinés à être utilisés dans tout système de distribution, à l'exception des emballages utilisés pour les marchandises dangereuses.
Embalaža - Celovita, napolnjena transportna embalaža - Splošna pravila za pripravo programov preskušanja primernosti za uporabo (ISO 4180:2019)
Ta standard določa splošna pravila za pripravo programov preskušanja primernosti za uporabo celovite, napolnjene transportne embalaže, namenjeno uporabi v poljubnem distribucijskem sistemu, razen za embalažo, ki se uporablja za nevarno blago.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
01-marec-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 4180:2011
Embalaža - Celovita, napolnjena transportna embalaža - Splošna pravila za
pripravo programov preskušanja primernosti za uporabo (ISO 4180:2019)
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - General rules for the compilation of
performance test schedules (ISO 4180:2019)
Verpackung - Versandfertige Packstücke - Allgemeine Regeln für die Erstellung von
Prüfplänen (ISO 4180:2019)
Emballages - Emballages d'expédition complets et pleins - Règles générales pour
l'établissement de programmes d'essais de performance (ISO 4180:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4180:2019
ICS:
55.180.40 Celovita, napolnjena Complete, filled transport
transportna embalaža packages
SIST EN ISO 4180:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
EN ISO 4180
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 55.180.40 Supersedes EN ISO 4180:2010
English Version
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - General
rules for the compilation of performance test schedules
(ISO 4180:2019)
Emballages - Emballages d'expédition complets et Verpackung - Versandfertige Packstücke - Allgemeine
pleins - Règles générales pour l'établissement de Regeln für die Erstellung von Prüfplänen (ISO
programmes d'essais de performance (ISO 4180:2019) 4180:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4180:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
EN ISO 4180:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
EN ISO 4180:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 4180:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122
"Packaging" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging” the secretariat of
which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4180:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4180:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4180:2019 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4180
Second edition
2019-11
Packaging — Complete, filled
transport packages — General rules
for the compilation of performance
test schedules
Emballages — Emballages d'expédition complets et pleins —
Règles générales pour l'établissement de programmes d'essais de
performance
Reference number
ISO 4180:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Hazard . 2
5 Preparation of the test schedule . 3
6 Test method . 7
6.1 The laboratory atmosphere . 7
6.2 Specimens . 7
6.2.1 Content of specimens . 7
6.2.2 Number of specimens . 7
6.2.3 Degradation of specimen . 7
6.2.4 Identification of specimen . 7
6.3 Conditioning . 7
6.4 Vibration test . 8
6.4.1 General. 8
6.4.2 Vertical random vibration test in general transportation . 8
6.4.3 Sinusoidal vibration test in general transportation .10
6.4.4 Random vibration test in rough road transportation .11
6.4.5 Sinusoidal vibration test in rough road transportation .12
6.4.6 Stacked vibration test .13
6.5 Drop test .13
6.5.1 Testing classification (common for free-fall test and rotational edge drop test) .13
6.5.2 Free-fall test (applies to manual handling) .13
6.5.3 Rotational drop test (applies to mechanical handling) .14
6.5.4 Horizontal impact test.15
6.6 Compression test .16
6.6.1 Test apparatus and test method .16
6.6.2 Compression test using a compression tester .16
6.6.3 Stacking load tests using a static load .19
6.7 Temperature and humidity environmental test .21
6.8 Low-pressure test .22
7 Test report .22
Bibliography .24
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3,
Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by
ISO/TC 122).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4180:2009) which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the test item in the test schedule can now be selected by agreement of the stakeholders depending
on the expected or existing transportation process and hazards;
— in 6.4, the test conditions have been reviewed and revised by the distance and condition of
transportation;
— in 6.5, a new Level-4 has been added for well controlled handling;
— in 6.6, the test conditions have been reviewed and revised; they can be changed or selected depending
on the storage conditions by the agreement of stakeholders.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4180:2019(E)
Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages —
General rules for the compilation of performance test
schedules
1 Scope
This document establishes general rules for the compilation of performance test schedules for complete,
filled transport packages intended for use within any distribution system except for the packages used
for dangerous goods.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2206, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Identification of parts when testing
ISO 2233, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Conditioning for testing
ISO 2244, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Horizontal impact tests
ISO 2873, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Low pressure test
ISO 8318, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Sinusoidal vibration tests
using a variable frequency
ISO 13355:2016, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Vertical random
vibration test
ISO 21067-1, Packaging — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21067-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
performance test schedule
single laboratory test, or series of tests, intended to ascertain the performance, under working
conditions, of the subject under test
3.2
hazard
factor which brings a possibility of damage or deterioration of the value to the packaged freight or product
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
3.3
power spectral density
acceleration power spectral density
PSD
degree of variation in energy for each frequency to the acceleration signal in a specific frequency range
as a function of frequency
3.4
sweep cycle
scanning through the specified frequency band once in each direction, e.g. 10 Hz to 150 Hz to 10 Hz
[SOURCE: IEC 60068-2-6:2008, 3.4, modified — The Note has been deleted.]
4 Hazard
Typical hazards in the logistics process, and the related international standards, are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Expected hazard during logistics process, and related international standards
Basic factor
Hazard Related international standards
in logistics
Vertical random vibration test ISO 13355
Sinusoidal vibration tests using a
— Vibration during transportation
ISO 8318
variable frequency
— Repetitive impact by bouncing
Vibration tests at fixed low
ISO 2247
frequency
Horizontal impact by sudden stop or start
Transport
Horizontal impact test ISO 2244
Horizontal impact by linking work of rail-
way freight car
Random vibration test ISO 13355
Stacking stress during transportation
Sinusoidal vibration tests using a
ISO 8318
variable frequency
Low pressure by high altitude Low pressure test ISO 2873
Drop impact by manual handling ISO 2248
Vertical impact test by dropping
Drop impact by mechanical handling EN 14149
Horizontal impact during handling by
Horizontal impact test ISO 2244
forklift or crane as such
Handling
Rough handling by rolling Rolling test ISO 2876
Topple Toppling test ISO 8768
Handling of unit load Stability testing of unit loads ISO 10531
Stacking tests using a static load ISO 2234
Compression load in stacking storage in
Storage
Compression and stacking tests
warehouse
ISO 12048
using a compression tester
High temperature test
ISO 2233
High temperature/High humidity
Temperature and humidity
test
Climate
IEC 60068-1
Low temperature test
Wet, dewing Water-spray test ISO 2875
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
5 Preparation of the test schedule
5.1 The test item shall be selected from Table 2 depending on the expected or existing hazard and
considering logistics-related elements which affect the specimen.
The characteristics of the specimen, test equipment and past damage experience should be considered
when selecting the test item.
Table 3 shows an example of hazards and corresponding test items.
5.2 The test schedule shall be chosen by accumulation of selected hazards. Follow Clause 6 for the
selection of test level.
However, the test level can be modified by agreement of the stakeholders.
Table 4 shows an example of performance test schedule based on the hazards listed in Table 3.
5.3 The test sequence should be decided by agreement of the stakeholders taking into consideration the
logistics process. Where the logistics process is unknown, the following test sequence may be carried out:
a) compression test;
b) vibration test;
c) free-fall test.
The test sequence may comprise one, two or three of the tests given in a), b) and c), in any order.
5.4 Refer to ISO 10531 for the handling and stability test of the unit load.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 — Selection guide for test item and correspondent test method
Guide for selection of test
Basic factor Test
Test item
in logistics method
Type of hazard Examples of the related product or failure
Vertical random vibration test in general transportation Vertical vibration or stacking load in gen- 6.4.2
eral
Sinusoidal vibration test in general transportation 6.4.3
a
transportation
— Electric, electronics or mechanical products
Random vibration test in rough road transportation 6.4.4
— High precision surfaced products
Sinusoidal vibration test in rough road transportation Repetitive shock by poor road 6.4.5
Transport
— Powder or granular products
Vibration tests at fixed low frequency ISO 2247
Stacked vibration test Stacking stress during transportation 6.4.6
— Burst, deformation
Low pressure test Low pressure 6.8
— Leak of the contents
Free-fall test Manual handling — Electronic component or product which has 6.5.2
mechanical structure
Rotational drop test Machinery handling 6.5.3
— Liquid or semi-liquid product
Horizontal impact during handling or
Horizontal impact test 6.5.4
Handling
transportation
— Liquid, semi-liquid, powder or granular
products which are weak to sharp item
Toppling test Toppling during handling ISO 8768
— Pressure sensitive product, powder or
Rolling test Rough handling by rolling ISO 2786
granular products
Storage Compression test Stacking compression in warehouse Container for warehouse storage and products 6.6
High temperature with low humidity Deformation or cracking by the high temperature 6.7
— Sensitive to corrosion
Temperature and humidity environmental test High temperature/high humidity — Hygroscopic product 6.7
Climate
— Mold, spoil, degrade
Low temperature Degradation by contraction or embrittlement 6.7
b
Water spray test Rain Wet damage ISO 2875
a
Random vibration has priority.
b
Test condition may be specified by the agreement of the stakeholders.
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 5
Table 3 — Example of hazard and correspondent test item
No. Activity Hazard Test item Test method
1 Unitization at factory Mechanical handling Rotational drop test 6.5.3
Rotational drop test 6.5.3
2 Container loading by forklift Mechanical handling
Horizontal impact test 6.5.4
3 Transport to port 150 km, paved road, by trailer Vertical random vibration test 6.4.2
Maximum stack height: 2,4 m Compression test 6.6
4 Storage at port
Temperature/humidity Temperature and humidity environmental test 6.7
Rotational drop test 6.5.3
5 Load to container ship Mechanical handling
Horizontal impact test 6.5.4
Vibration Vertical random vibration test 6.4.2
6 Transport by ship
Maximum stack height: 2,4 m Compression test 6.6
7 Unload from container ship Mechanical handling Rotational drop test 6.5.3
Vertical random vibration test 6.4.2
8 Transport container to warehouse 3 000 km, paved road, by trailer
Horizontal impact test 6.5.4
Rotational drop test 6.5.3
Mechanical handling
Storage operation by forklift
Horizontal impact test 6.5.4
9
Maximum stack height: 5 m Compression test 6.6
Storage at warehouse
Temperature/humidity Temperature and humidity environmental test 6.7
De-vanning at warehouse
10 Manual handling Free-fall test 6.5.2
Reload to local distribution truck
Random vibration 6.4.2
Partially rough road transport
11 Transport to final destination Random vibration test in rough road transportation 6.4.4
Partly air cargo Low pressure test 6.8
12 Unloading at final destination Manual handling Free-fall test 6.5.2
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
6 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 4 — Example of performance test schedule based on Table 3
Example of test order
Test schedule
1 2 3 4
A: Sequential test using one Conditioning Compression test Vertical random vibration Free-fall test
specimen [6.3 Method B] [6.6.2.2, Table 22, Classification level 2] test [6.4.2 Table 6, Level 1] [6.5.2 Table 17]
Random vibration test in
Conditioning Vertical random vibration test Free-fall test
rough road transportation
[6.3 Method A] [6.4.2 Table 6, Level 1] [6.5.2 Table 17]
[6.4.4 Table 12, Level 2]
B: Parallel test using
Conditioning Compression test
multiple specimens
[6.3 Method B] [6.6.2.2, Table 22, Classification level 2]
Conditioning Temperature and humidity environmental test
(in case of four specimens)
[6.3 Method B] [6.7, table 26, High temperature test]
Conditioning Low pressure test
[6.3 Method B] [6.8, Table 27, Level 2]
NOTE Table 4 shows an example of a performance test schedule based on Table 3.
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
6 Test method
6.1 The laboratory atmosphere
The laboratory shall be in the standard atmospheric conditions specified in IEC 60068-1:2013, Table 2:
— temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C;
— relative humidity: 25 %RH to 75 %RH;
— air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
NOTE IEC 60068-1 is referred in this situation due to the difference of environment between pre-
conditioning and laboratory atmosphere.
6.2 Specimens
6.2.1 Content of specimens
Each test specimen shall be filled with its intended content. However, simulated or substituted content
can be used, provided that the dimensions and physical properties of such content are as close as
possible to those of the intended content. The specimen shall be packaged (closed, sealed, bundled as
such) under shipment conditions.
6.2.2 Number of specimens
The preparation of several specimens is recommended for high reliability of test result. The number of
specimens may be decided by the standard user or by agreement of the stakeholders.
6.2.3 Degradation of specimen
Unless the performance of aged specimen materials is known, the effects of aged specimen on
transportation should be considered.
6.2.4 Identification of specimen
The identification of specimens shall be in accordance with ISO 2206.
6.3 Conditioning
Conditioning shall be applied in accordance with Table 5, depending on the characteristics of the
packaged product. For the compression test, Method B should be applied, except when a user specifies,
a specially controlled environment to be applied (Method C).
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 7
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SIST EN ISO 4180:2020
ISO 4180:2019(E)
Table 5 — Conditioning method for specimen
a
Method Case Conditioning
The specimen is brought from a
Condition for not less than 24 hours, or until the
temperature or humidity atmosphere
A content reaches equilibrium with the laboratory
that is different from the laboratory
environment.
atmosphere.
The characteristic of specimen is Condition for not less than 24 h, or until the content
B
sensitive to temperature or humidity. reaches equilibrium at 23 ˚C, 50 %RH.
Condition for not less than 24 h, or until the content
The specimen requires other test
C reaches equilibrium, with the condition specified in
conditions.
b
ISO 2233 or as specified by the standard user .
a
If the test cannot be carried out with the necessary conditioning, the test shall be carried out as soon as possible after
removing the specimen from the environmental conditioning apparatus. Re-conditioning should be applied if needed.
b [13][14]
Depending on the region of the test, more specific conditions are applicable when available .
6.4 Vibration test
6.4.1 General
Sinusoidal vibration test (see 6.4.3 and 6.4.5) shall be carried out only where the random vibration (see
6.4.2 and 6.4.4) test is not available.
NOTE The distance of transportation by boat and aircraft are not included in the distance of transportation
of Tables 6, 7, 10, and 11 because the vibration level of those transportation modes is considered very low.
6.4.2 Vertical random vibration test in general transportation
6.4.2.1 Place the specimen on the vibration table which simulates the restraint method and loading
method during transportation.
6.4.2.2 Carry out the test using the apparatus and the method for vertical random vibration test
specified in ISO 13355 under the test conditions in 6.4.2.3, 6.4.2.4, and 6.4.2.5.
6.4.2.3 When the shipping orientation during transportation is known, carry out the test specified in
Table 6. The specimen shall be placed by known shipping orientation. The test shall be carried out from
PSD profile A and then from PSD profile B.
6.4.2.4 When the shipping orientation during transportation cannot be predicted, carry out the test
along three axes specified in Table 7. The test shall be carr
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019
01-marec-2019
Embalaža - Celovita, napolnjena transportna embalaža - Splošna pravila za
pripravo programov preskušanja primernosti za uporabo (ISO/DIS 4180:2019)
Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - General rules for the compilation of
performance test schedules (ISO/DIS 4180:2019)
Emballages - Emballages d'expédition complets et pleins - Règles générales pour
l'établissement de programmes d'essais de performance (ISO/DIS 4180:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 4180 rev
ICS:
55.180.40 Celovita, napolnjena Complete, filled transport
transportna embalaža packages
oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 4180
ISO/TC 122/SC 3 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2019-02-04 2019-04-29
Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages —
General rules for the compilation of performance test
schedules
Emballages — Emballages d'expédition complets et pleins — Règles générales pour l'établissement de
programmes d'essais de performance
ICS: 55.180.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 4180:2019(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2019
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oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019
ISO/DIS 4180:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019
ISO/DIS 4180:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Hazard . 2
5 Preparation of the test schedule . 3
6 Test method . 7
6.1 The laboratory atmosphere . 7
6.2 Specimens . 7
6.2.1 Content of specimens . 7
6.2.2 Number of specimens . 7
6.2.3 Identification of specimen . 7
6.3 Conditioning . 7
6.4 Vibration test . 8
6.4.1 General. 8
6.4.2 Vertical random vibration test in general transportation: A1 . 8
6.4.3 Sinusoidal vibration test in general transportation: A2 . 9
6.4.4 Random vibration test in rough road transportation: A3 .10
6.4.5 Sinusoidal vibration test in rough road transportation: A4 .11
6.4.6 Stacked vibration test: A6 .11
6.5 Drop test .11
6.5.1 Testing classification (common for free-fall test and rotational edge drop test) .11
6.5.2 Free-fall test (applies to man handling): B1 .12
6.5.3 Rotational drop test (machine handling): B2.12
6.5.4 Horizontal impact test: B3 .13
6.6 Compression test: C .14
6.6.1 Test apparatus and test method .14
6.6.2 Compression test using a compression tester .14
6.6.3 Stacking load tests using a static load .16
6.7 Temperature and humidity environmental test: D1 .18
6.8 Low-pressure test: D2 .19
7 Test report .19
Bibliography .21
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3,
Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by ISO/
TC 122).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4180:2009) which has been technically
revised. The first edition of ISO 4180:2009 cancelled and replaced ISO 4180-1:1980 and ISO 4180-2:1980.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 4180:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4180:2019(E)
Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages —
General rules for the compilation of performance test
schedules
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes general rules for the compilation of performance test schedules
for complete, filled transport packages intended for use within any distribution system except for the
packages used for dangerous goods.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 14149, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Impact test by rotational drop
ISO 2206, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Identification of parts when testing
ISO 2233, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Conditioning for testing
ISO 2234, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Stacking tests using a
static load
ISO 2244, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Horizontal impact tests
ISO 2247, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Vibration tests at fixed low
frequency
ISO 2248, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Vertical impact test by dropping
ISO 2873, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Low pressure test
ISO 2875, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Water-spray test
ISO 2876, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Rolling test
ISO 8318, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Sinusoidal vibration tests
using a variable frequency
ISO 8768, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Toppling test
ISO 10531, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Stability testing of unit loads
ISO 12048, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages — Compression and stacking tests using a
compression tester
ISO 13355:2016, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Vertical random
vibration test
ISO 21067-1, Packaging — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random
and guidance
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IEC 20068-3-8, Environmental testing — Part 3-8: Supporting documentation and guidance — Selecting
amongst vibration tests
3 Terms and definitions
General terms and definitions are found in ISO 21067. The following terms and definitions apply specific
to this document.
3.1
performance test schedule
single laboratory test, or series of tests, intended to ascertain the performance, under working
conditions, of the subject under test
3.2
hazard
factor which brings a possibility of damage or deterioration of the value to the packaged freight or product
3.3
power spectral density (acceleration power spectral density
PSD
degree of variation in energy for each frequency to the acceleration signal in a specific frequency range
as a function of frequency. Refer to IEC 60068-2-64, 3-8
4 Hazard
Typical hazards in the logistics process, and the related international testing standards, are shown in
Table 1.
Table 1 — Expected hazard during logistics process, and related international testing
standards
Basic factor
Hazard Related international standards
in logistics
Vertical random vibration test ISO 13355
Sinusoidal vibration tests using a
— Vibration during transportation
ISO 8318
variable frequency
— Repetitive impact by flip-up
Vibration tests at fixed low frequen-
ISO 2247
cy
Horizontal impact by sudden stop or start
Transport
Horizontal impact test ISO 2244
Horizontal impact by linking work of rail-
way freight car
Random vibration test ISO 13355
Variable compression test for stacking
Sinusoidal vibration tests using a
during transportation
ISO 8318
variable frequency
Low pressure by high altitude Low pressure test ISO 2873
Drop impact by human handling ISO 2248
Vertical impact test by dropping
Drop impact by machine handling EN 14149
Horizontal impact during handling by
Horizontal impact test ISO 2244
forklift or crane as such
Handling
Rough handling by rolling Rolling test ISO 2876
Topple Toppling test ISO 8768
Handling of unit load Stability testing of unit loads ISO 10531
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Table 1 (continued)
Basic factor
Hazard Related international standards
in logistics
Stacking tests using a static load ISO 2234
Compression load in stacking storage in
Storage
Compression test using a compres-
warehouse
ISO 12048
sion tester
High temperature test
ISO 2233
High temperature/High humidity
Temperature and humidity
test
Climate IEC 60068-1
Low temperature test
Wet, dewing Water-spray test ISO 2875
5 Preparation of the test schedule
5.1 Test item shall be selected from Table 2 depend on the expected hazard considering logistics
related elements which affect to the specimen.
The characteristics of the specimen, test equipment and past damage experience should be considered
when select the test item.
Table 3 shows an example of hazards and corresponding test items.
5.2 The test schedule shall be chosen by accumulated or integrated from selected hazard. Follow the
Article 6 for the selection of test level.
However, the test level can be modified by the agreement between stakeholders.
Table 4 shows example of performance test schedule.
5.3 There is no predetermined test sequence. If the user does not have specific information about
the distribution cycle and corresponding hazards on its package, refer to Table 4 for the example of test
order. Each test method may also be performed individually when necessary.
5.4 The test level based on the actual measurement data shall be prior if available.
5.5 Refer to ISO 10531 for handling and stability test of the unit load.
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4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Table 2 — Selection guide for test item and test level
Guide for selection of test
Test meth-
Symbol Test item
ods
Type of hazard Examples of the product
Vertical random vibration test in general
A1 6.4.2
transportation
Vertical vibration or stacking load in gen-
A)
eral transportation
Sinusoidal vibration test in general trans-
A2 6.4.3
portation
— Electric, electronics or mechanical products
Random vibration test in rough road
A3 6.4.4
transportation
Transport — High precision surfaced products
Sinusoidal vibration test in rough road Repetitive shock by poor road
— Powder or granular products
A4 6.4.5
transportation
A5 Vibration tests at fixed low frequency ISO 2247
Variable compression by vibration during
A6 Stacked vibration test 6.4.6
transportation
B1 Free-fall test Human handling — Electronic component or product which has 6.5.2
mechanical structure
B2 Rotational drop test Machinery handling 6.5.3
— Liquid or semi-liquid product
Horizontal impact during handling or
B3 Horizontal impact test 6.5.4
Handling
transportation
— Liquid, semi-liquid, powder or granular prod-
ucts which are weak to sharp item
Toppling test Toppling during handling ISO 8768
— Pressure sensitive product, powder or granular
Rolling test Rough handling by rolling ISO 2786
products
Storage C Compression test Stacking pressure in warehouse Container for warehouse storage and products 6.6
High temperature with low humidity Deformation or cracking by the high temperature 6.7
— Sensitive to corrosion
Temperature and humidity environmen-
D1 High temperature/High humidity — Hygroscopic product 6.7
tal test
— Mold, spoil, degrade
Climate
Low temperature Degradation by contraction or embrittlement 6.7
— Failure, deformation
D2 Low pressure test Low pressure 6.8
— Leak of the contents
B)
Water spray test Rain Wet damage ISO 2875
A)
Random vibration has priority.
B)
Test condition may be specified by the agreement of stakeholders.
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Table 3 — Example of hazards and corresponding test items
Selection of test
No. Activity Hazard Correspond test item
method
1 Unitization at factory Machine handling Rotational drop test: B2 6.5.3
Rotational drop test: B2 6.5.3
2 Container loading by forklift Machine handling
Horizontal impact test: B3 6.5.4
3 Transport to port 150 km, paved road, by trailer Vertical random vibration test: A1 6.4.2
4 Storage at port Maximum stack height: 2,4 m Compression test: C 6.6
Rotational drop test: B2 6.5.3
5 Load to container ship Machine handling
Horizontal impact test: B3 6.5.4
Vibration Vertical random vibration test: A1 6.4.2
6 Transport by ship
Maximum stack height: 2,4 m Compression test: C 6.6
7 Unload from container ship Machine handling Rotational drop test: B2 6.5.3
Vertical random vibration test: A1 6.4.2
8 Transport container to warehouse 3 000 km, paved road, by trailer
Horizontal impact test: B3 6.5.4
Rotational drop test: B2 6.5.3
Machine handling
Storage operation by forklift Horizontal impact test: B3 6.5.4
9
Storage at warehouse Maximum stack height: 5 m Compression test: C 6.6
Temperature/Humidity Temperature and humidity environmental test: D1 6.7
De-banning at warehouse
10 Man handling Free-fall test: B1 6.5.2
Reload to local distribution truck
Random vibration: A1 6.4.2
Partly unpaved, truck
11 Transport to final destination Random vibration test in rough road transportation: A3 6.4.4
Partly air cargo Low pressure test: D2 6.8
12 Unloading at final destination Man handling Free-fall test: B1 6.5.2
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Table 4 — Example of performance test schedule
Example of test order
Test schedule
1 2 3 4
A: Sequential test using one Conditioning Compression test Vertical random vibration Free-fall test
specimen [6.3 Method B] [6.6.2.2, Table 22, Classification level 2] test [6.4.2 Table 6, Level 1] [6.5.2 Table 17]
Random vibration test in
Conditioning Vertical random vibration test Free-fall test
rough road transportation
[6.3 Method A] [6.4.2 Table 6, Level 1] [6.5.2 Table 17]
[6.4.4 Table 12, Level 2]
B: Parallel test using multi-
Conditioning Compression test
ple specimens
[6.3 Method B] [6.6.2.2, Table 22, Classification level 2]
Conditioning Temperature and humidity environmental test
(in case of four specimens)
[6.3 Method B] [6.7, table 26, High temperature test]
Conditioning Low pressure test
[6.3 Method B] [6.8, Table 27, Level 2]
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6 Test method
6.1 The laboratory atmosphere
The laboratory shall be in the standard atmospheric conditions specified in IEC 60068-1, except special
conditions.
NOTE IEC 60068-1 is referred in this situation due to the difference of environment between pre-
conditioning and laboratory atmosphere.
6.2 Specimens
6.2.1 Content of specimens
Each test specimen shall normally be filled with its intended content. However, simulated or substituted
content can be used, provided that the dimensions and physical properties of such content are as close
as possible to those of the intended content. The specimen shall be packaged (closed, sealed, bundled as
such) under shipment conditions.
6.2.2 Number of specimens
Preparing several specimens are recommended for high reliability of test result. The number of
specimens may be decided by standard user or by the agreement of stakeholders.
6.2.3 Identification of specimen
The identification of specimens shall be in accordance with ISO 2206.
6.3 Conditioning
Conditioning shall be applied in accordance with Table 5, depending on the characteristics of the
packaged product. For the compression test, Method B should be applied, except for other temperature
environment.
Table 5 — Conditioning method for specimen
A)
Method Case Conditioning
The specimen is brought from a different
Condition until the specimen matches a laboratory
A temperature or humidity atmosphere
atmosphere sufficiently
from the laboratory
The characteristic of specimen is sensitive Condition for not less than 24 h, or until the content
B
to temperature or humidity reaches equilibrium at 23 ˚C, 50 %RH.
Condition for not less than 24 h, or until the content
The specimen requires other test condi-
C reaches equilibrium, with the condition prescribed in
tions
B)
ISO 2233 or as specified by the standard user .
A)
If the test cannot be conducted with the necessary conditioning, the test shall be conducted as soon as possible after
removing the specimen from the environmental conditioning apparatus. Re-conditioning should be applied if needed.
B) [1],[2]
Depending upon the region of the testing, more specific conditions applicable to the region are available.
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6.4 Vibration test
6.4.1 General
Sinusoidal vibration testing (see 6.4.3 and 6.4.5) shall be conducted only where the random vibration
(see 6.4.2 and 6.4.4) test is not available.
NOTE The distance of transportation by boat and aircraft are not included in the distance of transportation
of Tables 6, 7, 10, and 11 because the vibration level of those transportation modes are considered very low.
6.4.2 Vertical random vibration test in general transportation: A1
6.4.2.1 Place the specimen on the vibration table which simulates the restraint method and loading
method during transportation.
6.4.2.2 Carry out the test using the apparatus and the method for vertical random vibration specified
in ISO 13355 under the test conditions in 6.4.2.3 and 6.4.2.4, and for the time specified in Table 6 when
the loading orientation is known.
6.4.2.3 When the loading orientation during transport cannot be predicted, perform the test along
three axis prescribed in Table 7.
6.4.2.4 The direction of vibration shall be vertical. If needed, horizontal vibration can be performed
with the agreement of stakeholders.
Table 6 — Distance of transportation and test time when loading orientation was known
Long ← Transport distance → Short
Distance 4 000 km 2 000 km 1 000 km
Vibration level Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
PSD PSD A PSD B PSD A PSD B PSD A PSD B
Test time 100 min 20 min 50 min 10 min 25 min 5 min
NOTE Refer to Table 8 and Table 9 for the details of “PSD profile A” and “PSD profile B”.
Table 7 — Distance of transportation and test time when the loading orientation cannot be
predicted
Long ← Transport distance → Short
Distance 4 000 km 2 000 km 1 000 km
Vibration level Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
PSD profile A profile B profile A profile B profile A profile B
Intended shipping
50 min 10 min 25 min 5 min 10 min 5 min
orientation
Not intended shipping
25 min 5 min 10 min 5 min 5 min 5 min
orientation 1
Not intended shipping
25 min 5 min 10 min 5 min 5 min 5 min
orientation 2
NOTE Refer to Table 8 and Table 9 for the details of “PSD profile A” and “PSD profile B”.
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Table 8 — PSD profile A
2 2 2
Frequency (Hz) PSD [(m/s ) /Hz] PSD (G /Hz)
2 0,012 0,000 125
4 0,288 0,003
18 0,288 0,003
40 0,024 0,000 25
200 0,012 0,000 125
rms 2,97 0,303
2
NOTE rms acceleration value respectively m/s and G.
Table 9 — PSD profile B (ISO 13355:2016, Annex A)
2 2 2
Frequency (Hz) PSD [(m/s ) /Hz] PSD (G /Hz)
2 0,048 0,000 5
4 1,154 0,012
18 1,154 0,012
40 0,096 0,001
200 0,048 0,000 5
rms 5,926 0,604
2
NOTE rms acceleration value respectively m/s and G.
6.4.3 Sinusoidal vibration test in general transportation: A2
6.4.3.1 Place the sample on the vibration table which simulates the restraint method and loading
method during transportation.
6.4.3.2 Carry out the test using the apparatus and the method specified in ISO 8318 under the test
conditions for sweep sinusoidal vibration test in Table 10.
6.4.3.4 When the loading orientation during transport cannot be predicted, carry out the test in the
normal transportation, the vertical placement and the horizontal placement, respectively. For the test
time prescribed in Table 11.
6.4.3.5 The direction of vibration shall be vertical. If needed, horizontal vibration can be applied with
the agreement of stake-holders.
Table 10 — Distance of transportation and sweep cycle when loading orientation was known
Long ← Transport distance → Short
4 000 km 2 000 km 1 000 km
Frequency range 3 Hz – 100 Hz
2
Acceleration (m/s ) 7,0
Sweep speed 0,5 octave/min
Sweep cycle (Test time) 6 cycle (about 120 min) 3 cycle (about 60 min) 1,5 cycle (about 30 min)
NOTE Refer to IEC 60068-2-6 for sweep cycle.
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Table 11 — Distance of transportation and sweep cycle when the loading orientation cannot be
predicted
Long ←Transport distance → Short
Distance 4 000 km 2 000 km 1 000 km
Intended shipping ori-
3 cycle (about 60 min) 1,5 cycle (about 30 min) 1 cycle (about 20 min)
entation
Not intended shipping
1,5 cycle (about 30 min) 1 cycle (about 20 min) 0,5 cycle (about 10 min)
orientation 1
Not intended shipping
1,5 cycle (about 30 min) 1 cycle (about 20 min) 0,5 cycle (about 10 min)
orientation 2
NOTE Refer to IEC 60068-2-6 for sweep cycle.
6.4.4 Random vibration test in rough road transportation: A3
6.4.4.1 Place the specimen on the vibration table without fixation.
6.4.4.2 Carry out the test using the apparatus and method for vertical random vibration test specified
in ISO 13355 u
...
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