SIST EN 15377-1:2008
Heating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity
Heating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity
This European Standard is applicable to water based surface heating and cooling systems in residential, commercial and industrial buildings.
The methods apply to systems integrated into the wall, floor or ceiling construction without any open air gaps.
The methods do not apply to heated or chilled ceiling panels or beams.
This standard provides steady-state calculation methods for determination of the heating and cooling capacity (part 1).
This standard provides an alternative testing method.
This standard applies also, as appropriate, to the use of other fluids instead of water.
A separate standard provides a method for design and dimensioning the system (part 2).
A separate standard provides a method guidance on how to take system dynamic effects into account (part 3).
Heizungssysteme in Gebäuden - Planung von eingebetteten Flächenheiz- und -kühlsystemen mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Norm-Heiz- bzw. -kühlleistung
Dieses Dokument gilt für Flächenheiz- und kühlsysteme mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium in Wohnhäusern, Geschäfts- und Industriebauten.
Die Verfahren gelten für in Wand-, Decken- oder Fußbodenkonstruktionen eingebaute Systeme ohne offene Luftspalte.
Die Verfahren gelten nicht für beheizte oder gekühlte Deckenplatten oder strahler.
Dieses Dokument stellt Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Heiz- und Kühlleistung im Beharrungs-zustand zur Verfügung (Teil 1).
Dieses Dokument stellt ein alternatives Prüfverfahren zur Verfügung.
Dieses Dokument gilt sinngemäß auch für die Verwendung anderer Flüssigkeiten als Wasser.
In einer gesonderten Norm wird ein Verfahren für die Auslegung und Dimensionierung des Systems zur Verfügung gestellt (Teil 2).
In einer weiteren gesonderten Norm wird eine Verfahrensanweisung für die Berücksichtigung der systemdynamischen Auswirkungen zur Verfügung gestellt (Teil 3).
Systemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calculs économiques appliquée aux systemes énergétiques dans les bâtiments, avec prise en compte des énergies renouvelables
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux systèmes de chauffage et refroidissement intégrés à circulation d’eau dans les bâtiments résidentiels, commerciaux et industriels.
Les méthodes s’appliquent aux systèmes intégrés dans les sols, murs ou plafonds sans ouverture sur l’air libre.
Les méthodes ne s’appliquent pas aux panneaux ou poutres de plafond chauffés ou refroidis.
La présente Norme européenne fournit des méthodes de calcul en régime permanent pour la détermination de la capacité de chauffage et refroidissement (partie 1).
La présente Norme européenne estime une résistance de système équivalente, à utiliser dans les programmes de simulation dynamique de bâtiment.
La présente Norme européenne peut s’appliquer, entant que de besoin, à l’utilisation de fluides autres que l’eau.
Une norme indépendante fournit une méthode de conception, dimensionnement et installation du système (partie 2).
La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable pour les essais ou la certification des systèmes.
Une norme indépendante fournit une méthode et des recommandations pour l’optimisation de la conception pour l’emploi de sources d’énergie renouvelables et prend en compte les effets des régimes instationnaires du système (partie 3).
Ogrevalni sistemi v stavbah - Načrtovanje vodnih sistemov za ogrevanje in hlajenje, vgrajenih v konstrukcijo - 1. del: Določevanje načrtovane izhodne toplotne in hladilne moči površine
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heizungssysteme in Gebäuden - Planung von eingebetteten Flächenheiz- und -kühlsystemen mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Norm-Heiz- bzw. -kühlleistungSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calculs économiques appliquée aux systemes énergétiques dans les bâtiments, avec prise en compte des énergies renouvelablesHeating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15377-1:2008SIST EN 15377-1:2008en,de01-november-2008SIST EN 15377-1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15377-1June 2008ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.30 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water basedsurface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination ofthe design heating and cooling capacitySystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalculs économiques appliquée aux systèmes énergétiquesdans les bâtiments, avec prise en compte des énergiesrenouvelablesHeizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Planung von eingebettetenFlächenheiz- und Kühlsystemen mit Wasser alsArbeitsmedium - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Auslegungs-Heiz-bzw. KühlleistungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 May 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15377-1:2008: ESIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 3.1 Embedded surface heating and cooling system.7 3.2 Design parameters.8 3.3 Thermal capacity.9 3.4 Surface temperatures.10 3.5 Temperatures of the heating/cooling medium.10 3.6 Characteristic curves.11 4 Symbols and units.12 5 Concept of the method to determine the heating and cooling capacity.14 6 Heat exchange coefficient between surface and space.14 7 Simplified calculation methods for determining heating and cooling capacity or surface temperature.16 7.1 General.16 7.2 Universal single power function according to EN 1264.17 7.3 Thermal resistance methods.18 8 Use of basic calculation programs.21 8.1 Basic calculation programs.21 8.2 Items to be included in a complete computation documentation.22 9 Testing according to EN 1264-2.22 10 Calculation of the heating and cooling capacity.22 Annex A (informative)
Recommended maximum/minimum surface temperatures.23 A.1 Encouragement to design for low water temperature for heating and high water temperature for cooling.23 A.2 Floor heating and cooling.23 A.3 Wall heating and cooling.24 A.4 Ceiling heating and cooling.26 A.5 Example of calculation for heated or cooled ceiling.27 Annex B (normative)
General resistance method.29 B.1 General equations.29 B.2 Calculation of tRfor pipes embedded in massive concrete (steady state condition).31 B.3 Calculation of tRfor capillary pipes embedded in a layer at the inner surface
(steady state condition).33 Annex C (normative)
Pipes embedded in wooden construction.37 C.1 Field of application.37 C.2 Determination of heat exchange by calculation.37 C.2.1 Applicability.37 C.2.2 The calculation model – general.37 C.2.3 Calculation procedure for determination of equivalent heat transmission coefficient.38 C.2.4 Calculation procedure for components and element characteristics.40 C.3 Estimation of the resistances based on testing according to EN 1264- 2.45 SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 3 C.3.1 General.45 C.3.2 Evaluation - heat conducting devices.45 C.3.3 Evaluation when θθθθm can not be measured.45 Annex D (normative)
Method for verification of FEM and FDM calculation programs.47 Annex E (informative)
Values for heat conductivity of materials and air layers.51 E.1 Solid materials.51 E.2 Trapped air layers.52 Bibliography.53
SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15377-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical, etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems; methods for design and dimensioning of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15377 Heating systems in buildings — Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity; SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 5 Part 2: Design, dimensioning and installation; Part 3: Optimizing for use of renewable energy sources. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 6 Introduction The determination of thermal performance of water based surface heating and cooling systems and their conformity to this standard is carried out by calculation in accordance with design documents and a model. In the case of special constructions and if necessary, the determination of thermal performance by calculation is combined with a test method according to EN 1264. This standard specifies procedures and conditions to enable the heat flow in water based surface heating and cooling systems to be determined relative to the medium differential temperature for systems. This should enable a uniform assessment and calculation of water based surface heating and cooling systems. The surface temperature and the temperature uniformity of the heated/cooled surface, nominal heat flow intensity between water and space, the associated nominal medium differential temperature and the field of characteristic curves for the relationship between heat flow intensity and the determining variables are given as the result. This standard includes several methods like general Finite Difference or Finite Element Methods, simplified calculation methods depending on position of pipes and type of building structure. The simplified calculation methods are specific for the type of system. For systems which are calculable in accordance with EN 1264, the standard refers to EN 1264-2 and -5. The simplified methods include certain boundary conditions which need to be met before the given method is applied. SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to water based surface heating and cooling systems in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The methods apply to systems integrated into the wall, floor or ceiling construction without any open air gaps. The methods do not apply to heated or chilled ceiling panels or beams. This European Standard provides steady-state calculation methods for determination of the heating and cooling capacity (part 1). This European Standard estimates an equivalent system resistance to be used in dynamic building simulation programs. This European Standard applies also, as appropriate, to the use of other fluids instead of water. A separate standard provides a method for design, dimensioning and installation of the system (part 2). This European Standard is not applicable for testing or certification of systems. A separate standard provides a method and guidance on how to optimise the design for use of renewable energy sources and take system dynamic effects into account (part 3). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1264-1, Floor heating — Systems and components — Part 1: Definitions and symbols prEN 1264-2, Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems — Part 2: Floor heating: Prove methods for the determination of the thermal output using calculation and test methods prEN 1264-3, Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems — Part 3: Dimensioning prEN 1264-4, Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems — Part 4: Installation prEN 1264-5, Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems — Part 5: Heating and cooling surfaces embedded in floors, ceilings and walls — Determination of the thermal output 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Embedded surface heating and cooling system 3.1.1 embedded surface heating and cooling system system that consists of circuits of pipes embedded in floor, wall or ceiling construction, distributors and control equipment SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 8 3.1.2 floor (wall, ceiling) heating and cooling system, water based
embedded surface heating and cooling system where pipes carrying water with or without additives as a medium are laid in the floor (wall, ceiling) 3.1.3 circuit section of an embedded surface heating/cooling system connected to a distributor which can be independently switched and controlled 3.1.4 distributor common connection point for several circuits 3.1.5 open air gap air gap in the floor, wall, ceiling construction, where air exchange with space or outside may occur 3.2 Design parameters 3.2.1 design heat load (QN,h) required heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions at the outside winter design conditions NOTE When calculating the value of the design heat load, the heat flow from embedded heating systems into neighbour rooms is not taken into account. 3.2.2 design heating capacity (QH,h) thermal output at design conditions of a surface heated room 3.2.3 design cooling load (QN,c) required heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions at the outside summer design conditions 3.2.4 design cooling capacity (QH,c) thermal output at design conditions of a surface cooled room 3.2.5 heating/cooling capacity for circuit (QHC) heat exchange between a pipe circuit and the conditioned room 3.2.6 design heating/cooling medium flow rate (mH) mass flow rate in a circuit which is needed to achieve the design heat flow intensity 3.2.7 design indoor temperature (θθθθi) operative temperature at the centre of the conditioned space used for calculation of the design load and capacity NOTE The operative temperature is considered as relevant for thermal comfort assessment and heat loss calculations. This value of internal temperature is used for the calculation method. SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 9 3.2.8 heating or cooling surface area (Af) area of surface (floor, wall, ceiling) covered by the embedded surface heating/cooling system between the pipes at the outer edges of the system with the addition of a strip at each edge of width equal to half the pipe spacing, but not exceeding 0,15 m 3.2.9 non-active area area of the surface not covered by the embedded surface heating/cooling system 3.2.10 peripheral area surface area which is heated or cooled to a higher or lower temperature and which is an unoccupied area generally of maximum 1 m width along exterior walls 3.2.11 occupied zone part of the conditioned zone in which persons normally reside and where requirements as to the internal environment are to be satisfied NOTE Normally the zone between the floor and 1,8 m above the floor and 1,0 m from external walls/windows and 0,5 m from internal walls. 3.2.12 surface heating and cooling components components for surface heating and cooling comprising: insulating layer (for thermal and/or impact noise insulation); the protection layer (to protect the insulating layer); the pipes or plane sections; the load and thermal distribution layer, where pipes are embedded; covering; other items such as conducting devices, peripheral strips, attachment items etc. NOTE Components can differ depending on the system. 3.3 Thermal capacity 3.3.1 heat flow intensity (q) heat flow between the space and surface divided by the heated/cooled surface 3.3.2 limit heat flow intensity (qG) heat flow intensity at which the maximum or minimum permissible surface temperature is achieved 3.3.3 nominal heat flow intensity (qN) limit heat flow intensity achieved without surface covering SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 10 3.3.4 design heat flow intensity (qdes) heat flow divided by the heating or cooling surface, taking into account the surface temperature required to reach the design thermal capacity of a surface heated or cooled space, QH, reduced by the thermal capacity of any supplementary heating or cooling equipment, if applicable 3.3.5 outward heat flow intensity (qu) heat flow which is exchanged through the construction with unconditioned spaces, another building entity, the ground or outdoor air 3.3.6 thermal output of surface system (QF) sum of the products of the heating or cooled surfaces of a space with the associated design heat flow densities 3.3.7 heat transfer coefficient (ht) combined convective and radiant heat transfer coefficient between the heated or cooled surface and the space operative temperature (design indoor temperature) 3.4 Surface temperatures 3.4.1 maximum surface temperature (θθθθS,max) maximum temperature permissible for physiological reasons or building physics reasons, for calculation of the limit curves, which may occur at a point on the surface (floor, wall, ceiling) in the occupied or peripheral area depending on the particular usage at a temperature drop σ
of the heating medium equal to 0 3.4.2 average surface temperature
( ( ( (θθθθS,m ) ) ) ) average value of all surface temperatures in the occupied or peripheral area 3.4.3 mean surface temperature difference difference between the average surface temperature θ S,m and the design indoor temperature θ i NOTE
The mean surface temperature difference determines the heat flow intensity.
3.4.4 minimum surface temperature (θθθθS,min) minimum temperature permissible for physiological reasons or building physics reasons, for calculation of the limit curves, which may occur at a point on the surface (floor, wall, ceiling) in the occupied or peripheral area depending on the particular usage at a temperature drop σ
of the heating medium equal to 0 3.5 Temperatures of the heating/cooling medium 3.5.1 heating/cooling medium differential temperature ((((∆θ∆θ∆θ∆θH) logarithmical determined average difference between the temperatures of the heating/cooling medium and the design indoor temperature: SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 11 iRiVRVHθθθθθθθ−−−=∆ln (K) (1) 3.5.2 nominal heating/cooling medium differential temperature (∆θ∆θ∆θ∆θN)))) absolute temperature difference at nominal heat flow intensity qN 3.5.3 design heating/cooling medium differential temperature ( ( ( (∆θ∆θ∆θ∆θH,des)))) temperature difference at design heat flow intensity 3.5.4 temperature of the heating/cooling medium (θθθθm) average temperature between the supply and the return temperature defined as: θm = θi + ∆θH = θi + iRiVRVθθθθθθ−−−ln (°C) (2) 3.5.5 temperature drop (σσσσ) difference between the supply and return temperature of the heating/cooling medium in a circuit 3.6 Characteristic curves 3.6.1 basic characteristic curve curve or formula reflecting the relationship between the heat flow intensity and the mean surface temperature difference NOTE
The basic characteristic curve is dependent on heating/cooling and surface (floor/wall/ceiling) but not on the type of embedded system.
3.6.2 family of characteristic curves curves denoting the system-specific relationship between the heat flow intensity q and the required heating medium differential temperature
∆θH for conduction resistance of various floor coverings 3.6.3 limit curves curves in the field of characteristic curves showing the pattern of the limit heat flow intensity depending on the heating medium differential temperature and the floor covering 3.6.4 limit heating medium differential temperature
(∆θ (∆θ (∆θ (∆θH,G) differential temperature determined by the intersection of the system characteristic curve with the limit curve SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 12 4 Symbols and units For the purposes of this standard, the symbols and units in Table 1 apply. Table 1 — Symbols and units Symbol Unit Quantity ai - Parameter factors for calculation of characteristic curves AA m2 Surface of the occupied area AF m2 Surface of the heating/cooling surface area AR m2 Surface of the peripheral area bu - Calculation factor depending on the pipe spacing B, BG, B0 W/(m2⋅K) Coefficients depending on the system cW kJ/(kg⋅K) Specific heat capacity of water ht W/(m2⋅K) Total heat transfer coefficient (convection + radiation) between surface and space LR m Length of installed pipes mi - Exponents for determination of characteristic curves mH kg/s Design heating/cooling medium flow rate n, nG - Exponents q W/m2 Heat flow intensity at the surface qA W/m2 Heat flow intensity in the occupied area qdes W/m2 Design heat flow intensity qG W/m2 Limit heat flow intensity qN W/m2 Nominal heat flow intensity qR W/m2 Heat flow intensity in the peripheral area qu W/m2 Outward heat flow intensity Qs W Thermal output of surface heating-cooling QH W Design capacity QN W Design heat load QN,f W Design heat load of surface heated room Qout W Heat output of supplementary heating equipment Ri m2⋅K/W Partial inwards heat transmission resistance of surface structure Re m2⋅K/W Partial external heat transmission resistance of surface structure Rλ,B m2⋅K/W Thermal resistance of surface covering Rλ,ins m2⋅K/W Thermal resistance of thermal insulation SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 13 Table 1 — Symbols and units Symbol Unit Quantitysh m For type B systems, thickness of thermal insulation from the outward edge of the insulation to the inward edge of the pipes (see Figure 2) sl m For type B systems, thickness of thermal insulation from the outward edge of the insulation to the outward edge of the pipes (see Figure 2) sR m Pipe wall thickness su m Thickness of the layer inward from the pipe sWL m Thickness of heat conducting device S m Thickness of the screed (excluding the pipes in type A systems) T m Pipe spacing U W/m2.K Heat transfer coefficient between a conductive layer and a space α W/(m2⋅K) Convective heat exchange coefficient θs,m °C Average surface temperature θs,max °C Maximum surface temperature θs,min °C Minimum surface temperature θi °C Design indoor temperature θm °C Temperature of the heating/cooling medium θR °C Return temperature of heating/cooling medium θV °C Supply temperature of heating/cooling medium θu °C Indoor temperature in an adjacent space ∆θH K Heating/cooling medium differential temperature ∆θH,des K Design heating/cooling medium differential temperature ∆θH,G K Limit of heating/cooling medium differential temperature ∆θN K Nominal heating/cooling medium differential temperature ∆θV K Heating/cooling medium differential supply temperature ∆θV,des K Design heating/cooling medium differential supply temperature λ W/(m⋅K) Thermal conductivity σ K Temperature drop θV- θR SIST EN 15377-1:2008
EN 15377-1:2008 (E) 14 5 Concept of the method to determine the heating and cooling capacity A given type of surface (floor, wall, ceiling) delivers, at a given average surface temperature and indoor temperature (operative temperature θi), the same heat flow intensity in any space independent of the type of embedded system. It is therefore possible to establish a basic formula or characteristic curve for cooling and a basic formula or characteristic curve for heating, for each of the type of surfaces (floor, wall, ceiling), independent of the type of embedded system, which is applicable to all heating and cooling surfaces (see Clause 6). Two methods are included in this European Standard: simplified calculation methods and a reference to EN 1264 depending on the type of system (see
Clause 7); Finite Element Method and Finite Difference Method (see Clause 8). Different simplified calculation methods are included in Clause 7 for calculation of the surface temperature (average, maximum and minimum temperature) depending on the system construction (type of pipe, pipe diameter, pipe distance, mounting of pipe, heat conducting devices, distribution layer) and construction of the floor/wall/ceiling (covering, insulation layer, trapped air layer etc.). The simplified calculation methods are specific for the given type of system, and the boundary conditions listed in Clause 7 shall be met. In the calculation report, it shall be clearly stated which calculation method has been applied. In case a simplified calculation method is not available for a given type of system, either a basic calculation using two or three dimensional Finite Element or Finite Difference Method may be applied (see Clause 8 and Annex D), or a laboratory testing in combination with a calculation may be applied according to EN 1264. Based on the calculated average surface temperature at given combinations of medium (water) temperature and space temperature, it is possible to determine the steady state heating and cooling capacity (see
Clause 10). If proved certificated values for the specific thermal output shall be used, generally EN 1264-2 and/or -5 applies. 6 Heat exchange coefficient between surface and space The relationship between heat flow intensity and mean surface temperature difference (see Figure 1 and Equations (3) to (6)) depends on the type of surface (floor, wall, ceiling) and whether the temperature of the surface is lower (cooling) or higher (heating) than the space temperature. SIST EN 15377-1:2008
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