SIST-TP CEN/TR 15993:2018
(Main)Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol (E85) automotive fuel according to EN 15293. It provides background information to judge the text of the standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.
It also includes a summary of the investigations and interlaboratory studies executed and the discussions entertained by CEN that have led to the effective fuel specification.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the pending revision of CEN/TS 15293
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol (E85) Fahrzeugkraftstoff - Hintergrund über die geforderten Parameter und ihre entsprechenden Grenzen und Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Ethanol (E85) carburants pour automobiles - Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leur détermination respectives
Goriva za motorna vozila - Gorivo etanol (E85) za motorna vozila - Ozadje zahtevanih parametrov, njihovih omejitev in določevanj
To tehnično poročilo razlaga zahteve in preskusne metode za trženo in dostavljeno gorivo etanol (E85) za motorna vozila v skladu s standardom EN 15293. Podaja dodatne informacije za oceno besedila standarda ter navodila in pojasnila za proizvajalce, pripravljavce mešanic, trgovce in uporabnike goriva etanol (E85) za motorna vozila.
Vključuje tudi povzetek izvedenih raziskav in medlaboratorijskih študij ter razprav odbora CEN, ki so privedle do učinkovitih specifikacij goriva.
OPOMBA 1: Ta dokument je neposredno povezan s še nedokončano revizijo standarda CEN/TS 15293.
OPOMBA 2: V tem dokumentu sta uporabljeni oznaki »% (m/m)« in »% (V/V)«, ki predstavljata masni delež (µ) oziroma prostornino (φ).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15993:2018
01-junij-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15993:2013
*RULYD]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD*RULYRHWDQRO ( ]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD2]DGMH
]DKWHYDQLKSDUDPHWURYQMLKRYLKRPHMLWHYLQGRORþHYDQM
Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters
required and their respective limits and determination
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol (E85) Fahrzeugkraftstoff - Hintergrund über die
geforderten Parameter und ihre entsprechenden Grenzen und Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Ethanol (E85) carburants pour automobiles - Historique
sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leur détermination
respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15993:2018
ICS:
71.080.60 Alkoholi. Etri Alcohols. Ethers
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15993:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15993:2018
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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15993:2018
CEN/TR 15993
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
March 2018
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 75.160.20; 71.080.60 Supersedes CEN/TR 15993:2013
English Version
Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel -
Background to the parameters required and their
respective limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Ethanol (E85) Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol (E85)
carburants pour automobiles - Historique sur la Fahrzeugkraftstoff - Hintergrund über die geforderten
définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de Parameter und ihre entsprechenden Grenzen und
leur détermination respectives Bestimmung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 8 February 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15993:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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CEN/TR 15993:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Summary . 6
4 Historical context . 6
5 Task Forces . 7
5.1 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force . 7
5.2 The Ethanol Fuel Task Force . 9
6 The ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification . 12
6.1 Parameters included . 12
6.2 Considerations on the parameters . 15
6.2.1 Denaturants . 15
6.2.2 RON/MON . 15
6.2.3 Ethanol content and higher alcohols . 16
6.2.4 Vapour pressure . 18
6.2.5 Density . 19
6.2.6 Sulfur content . 19
6.2.7 Oxidation stability . 20
6.2.8 Oxygenates content . 21
6.2.9 Phosphorus. 23
6.2.10 Water content . 24
6.2.11 Inorganic Chloride content . 25
6.2.12 Copper strip corrosion . 26
6.2.13 Total acidity . 26
6.2.14 Sulfate content . 26
6.2.15 Conductivity . 28
6.2.16 Additives . 29
6.2.17 Appearance . 29
6.2.18 Biologically sourced ethanol . 29
6.2.19 Guidelines . 30
6.3 Parameters considered and not included (anymore) in the draft specification . 30
6.3.1 Existent gum content (solvent washed) . 30
6.3.2 Copper content . 30
6.3.3 pHe. 31
6.3.4 High boiling components . 31
6.3.5 Chlorine as chlorides . 32
6.3.6 Lead . 32
7 Acknowledgements . 32
Bibliography . 33
2
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European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15993:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 15993:2013.
The original Technical Report presented all decisions that led to CEN/TS 15293:2011 [1], when it was
developed from its predecessor [2]. This document now includes all decisions that have been made
within the Ethanol Fuel Task Force since 2011, following comments and further investigations leading
to the draft ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification as a proposed European Standard
prEN 15293:2017.
3
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1 Scope
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol
(E85) automotive fuel according to EN 15293. It provides background information on the final text of
the draft European standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers
and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.
It is applicable to ethanol (E85) for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on ethanol
(E85). Ethanol (E85) is a mixture of nominally 85 % ethanol and 15 % petrol, but it also includes the
possibility of having different 'seasonal grades' containing 50 % or more ethanol.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to prEN 15293:2017 and will be updated if further revisions to the
standard take place.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass
fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 228, Automotive fuels — Unleaded petrol — Requirements and test methods
EN 1601:1997, Liquid petroleum products — Unleaded petrol — Determination of organic oxygenate
compounds and total organically bound oxygen content by gas chromatography (O-FID)
EN 13016-1, Liquid petroleum products — Vapour pressure — Part 1: Determination of air saturated
vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)
EN 13016-3, Liquid petroleum products — Vapour pressure — Part 3: Determination of vapour pressure
and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) (Triple Expansion Method)
CEN/TS 15293:2011, Automotive fuels — Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Requirements and test
methods
prEN 15293:2017, Automotive fuels — Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Requirements and test methods
EN 15376, Automotive fuels — Ethanol as a blending component for petrol —Requirements and test
methods
EN 15485, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of sulfur content — Wavelength
dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method
EN 15486, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of sulfur content — Ultraviolet
fluorescence method
EN 15487, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of phosphorus content —
Ammonium molybdate spectrometric method
EN 15488, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of copper content — Graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method
4
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EN 15489, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of water content — Karl Fischer
coulometric titration method
EN 15490, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of pHe
EN 15491, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of total acidity — Colour
indicator titration method
EN 15492, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of inorganic chloride and sulfate
content — Ion chromatographic method
EN 15691:2009, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of dry residue (involatile
material) — Gravimetric method
EN 15692:2009, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of water content — Karl
Fischer potentiometric titration method
EN 15721:2013, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of higher alcohols,
methanol and other impurities — Gas chromatographic method
EN 15769, Ethanol as a blending component of petrol — Determination of appearance — Visual method
EN 16270:2015, Automotive fuels — Determination of high-boiling components including fatty acid
methyl esters in petrol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Gas chromatographic method
EN 16761-1, Automotive fuels — Determination of methanol in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel by gas
chromatography — Part 1: Method using single column technique
EN 16761-2, Automotive fuels — Determination of methanol in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel by gas
chromatography —Part 2: Method using heart cut technique
EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test (ISO 2160)
EN ISO 3405:2000, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric
pressure (ISO 3405:2000)
EN ISO 5163, Petroleum products — Determination of knock characteristics of motor and aviation fuels —
Motor method (ISO 5163)
EN ISO 5164, Petroleum products — Determination of knock characteristics of motor fuels — Research
method (ISO 5164)
EN ISO 7536, Petroleum products — Determination of oxidation stability of gasoline — Induction period
method (ISO 7536)
EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube
method (ISO 12185)
EN ISO 22854, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of hydrocarbon types and oxygenates in
automotive-motor gasoline and in ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Multidimensional gas
chromatography method (ISO 22854)
5
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3 Summary
The European Commission is promoting the increased use of renewable energy and, as part of this
policy, is encouraging the use of ethanol as a blend component with gasoline.
For ethanol itself, a European Standard, EN 15376, was published in 2011, and this was developed
further into a standard for ethanol suitable for blending at all levels up to 85 % in gasoline (2014
publication).
For ethanol (E85) automotive fuel, the standardization activity began with the creation of a
CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA). This was developed subsequently by the Task Force (E85) into a
CEN Technical Specification, positively balloted by the end of 2010 (CEN/TS 15293).
The Ethanol Fuel Task Force (EFTF) was formed by CEN in 2011, and combined the activities of TF E85
and the existing Ethanol Task Force. EFTF was mandated to develop the Technical Specification for E85
into a full European Standard.
The test methods have been examined by the experts in the task forces to ensure their applicability to
E85 fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed. This
activity was supported by work in several other CEN working groups where the specialists in particular
methods are present.
All parameters were reviewed in terms of their need to be in the specification, and their limit values re-
assessed to fit with current needs. Parameters have been added or removed accordingly. Improved
methods have been developed, and some discontinued that did not meet the precision requirements.
Automotive ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is constituted from a mixture of ethanol complying to
EN 15376 and of regular market petrol product. The latter either complies to EN 228 or is a Blending
Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) that fulfils EN 228 after addition of ethanol. The need for a particular
parameter to be part of the E85 specification has taken account of those parameters in the ethanol and
gasoline specifications.
This document is the report on the technical work to date carried out by the TF E85 (see 5.1) and
subsequently the EFTF (see 5.2) towards establishing a European Standard for ethanol (E85)
automotive fuel.
4 Historical context
The European Commission is following a policy of promoting renewable energy use in Europe, and to
this end is encouraging the extension of automotive gasoline fuel with a proportion of renewably-
sourced ethyl alcohol (referred to in this document as ethanol).
In order to facilitate a transparent and stable market in ethanol, it is necessary to establish an ethanol
(E85) automotive fuel standard for Europe that will ensure a uniform high quality fuel for problem-free
use as a gasoline fuel for FFV engines.
In anticipation of a mandate from the Commission, in 2007 the Comité Européen de Normalization
(CEN) Technical Committee 19, responsible for Automotive Fuels Standards, accepted the
CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) revision as a work item on its programme to be developed in
Working Group 21, responsible for Automotive Gasoline management.
The intention of CEN/TC 19 was to develop CWA 15293 through to a European Standard, based on the
publication of EN 15376 for ethanol and EN 228 for gasoline, also taking into account the developments
in Sweden, France and Germany. Discussion in WG 21 had indicated that there were still test method
questions to be solved and thus national initiatives were not halted.
Initial planning was for enquiry text to be ready in August 2008, and the final text to be delivered in
November 2009. WG 21 had advised the use of EN 228 as the blending component and had supported a
6
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six month extension allowance for the E85 specification for the necessary updating of test methods and
seasonal grades. prEN 15293 was published for ballot in May 2009.
The TF 85, however, had encountered several open issues due to the uncertainty of octane guarantee in
the future with the integration of Blending Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) in all European markets and its
impact on ethanol (E85) automotive fuels. In addition, the test methods’ precision for chlorine content
at 1 mg/kg or below and the high-boiler requirement, had been under evaluation. Further time was
required to collect data on the current market, resulting in a better specification proposal. At the end of
2009, TF 85 still planned to aim at a submission for formal vote halfway through 2010. After the
CEN enquiry, considering the technical comments and the suggested necessary updates, the deliverable
on prEN 15293 had been changed into a CEN Technical Specification with its submission to CEN/CCMC
in March 2010.
CEN/TS 15293 was ratified by CEN on 28th September 2010 and was published as
CEN/TS 15293:2011.
The EFTF was formed in 2011 at the request of WG 21, and combined the work programmes on ethanol
and on E85. The mandate from WG 21 was:
a) to revise the Ethanol standard EN 15376 to be applicable to ethanol for blending at all levels up to
and including 85 %
b) to develop the CEN Technical Specification CEN/TS 15293 to a full European standard
The Ethanol European standard was duly revised and published as EN 15376:2014.
For E85, work within the EFTF commenced in 2011 to develop CEN/TS 15293 into a full European
standard. After significant work within the EFTF, and with the help of WG9 and WG 27, the meeting of
WG 21 in November 2014 approved the process of progressing to full EN standard. A NWI proposal was
prepared and balloted with a positive result (16 in favour, 1 against).
A draft text for prEN 15293 was submitted for Enquiry Vote in February 2016. The proposed text was
rejected, mainly as a consequence of confusion and concerns around the topic of deposits/sulfate (see
6.2.14). WG 21 requested further clarification in June 2016, and a great deal more work was done in this
area. In February 2017, WG 21 agreed to progress to a second EV which commenced in June 2017.
5 Task Forces
5.1 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force
CEN requested TC 19/WG 21 to convene a task force and begin work on a draft ethanol (E85)
automotive fuel standard. A call was made to the industries concerned by the mandate for experts to
participate in the TF E85. The experts who have contributed to the work are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Membership of the Task Force (E85)
Name Organization Country
Auger Celine (from meetings 2 to 9) Renault France
Baldini Luca ENI Italy
Bennett John Afton Chemical United Kingdom
Bernard Joerg Südzucker Germany
Betlejewski Marek (from meetings 2 to 7) PKN Orlen Poland
Colbert Dane Ethanol Union France
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Name Organization Country
Costenoble Ortwin (TF Secretary) NEN Netherlands
Crépeau Gerald (Convenor) PSA Peugeot Citroën France
Elliott Nigel Exxon Mobil United Kingdom
Engelen Benoit Total Belgium
Feuerhelm Tom DIN/FAM Germany
Gameson Thomas Abengoa Bioenergia Spain
Gibarroux Germain (since meeting 10) Renault France
Grand Jean-Gabriel (until meeting 2) Renault France
Hermans Pierre (until meeting 10) Exxonmobil Belgium
Jeuland Nicolas (since meeting 5) IFP France
King Stan (until meeting 9) Afton Chemical CEFIC-ATC
Koppen Piet (since meeting 8) PAC Netherlands
Kronström Börje Svenska Shell Sweden
Lloyd Robin (until meeting 4) Argent Energy United Kingdom
Leber Edwin (until meeting 8) Opel Germany
Manuelli Pascal Total France
Mirabella Walter Lyondell Italy
Nilsson Magnus (until meeting 10) General Motors Powertrain Sweden
Olofsson Mathias (until meeting 10) SEKAB Sweden
Pollak Vanda (since meeting 6) Hungrana Hungary
Rantanen – Kolehmainen Leena (since meeting Nesteoil Finland
6)
Rappange Aly (until meeting 10) Royal Nedalco Netherlands
Saunders Bob (since meeting 8) EI United Kingdom
Schuermans Kurt (since meeting 7) Chevron Netherlands
Sijben Jo (from meetings 4 to 10) Process Design Center Netherlands
Skret Iwona (until meeting 6) Instytut Technologii Nafty Poland
Sniegula Agnieska (since meeting 8) PKN Orlen Poland
Spaans Han (until meeting 9) AC Analytical Controls Netherlands
Tittarelli Paolo SSC Italy
8
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The task force has met on the following occasions:
1) 30th October 2007 Brussels, 1st meeting
2) 15th January 2008 Brussels, 2nd meeting
3) 5th March 2008 Hamburg, 3rd meeting
4) 18th April 2008 London, 4th meeting
5) 3rd July 2008 Brussels, 5th meeting
6) 11th September 2008 Brussels, 6th meeting
7) 4th/5th December 2008 Paris, 7th meeting
8) 23rd April 2009 Paris, 8th meeting
9) 23rd September 2009 Paris, 9th meeting
10) 18th February 2010 Brussels, 10th meeting
TF 85 Convenor for 1st and 2nd meetings was John Bennett. Convenor for subsequent meetings was
Gerald Crépeau. Following the finalisation of the ethanol specification at the level of 10 % blending, it
was decided to merge the TF 85 with the Ethanol TF. At the end of 2010, both taskforces were
disbanded.
5.2 The Ethanol Fuel Task Force
CEN combined the work of the Ethanol and E85 task forces in 2011 and formed an Ethanol Fuel Task
Force (EFTF). The EFTF worked on the revision of the EN 15376 Ethanol standard, and the
development of the E85 CEN/TS 15293 to full European standard. The experts involved in this
combined task force were mainly those who participated in the previous task forces. The experts that
have contributed to the work since 2011 are listed in Table 2 (those no longer active in italics). EFTF
Convenor has been Phil Davison al this time.
Table 2 — Membership of the EFTF
Name Organization Country
Andersson Jan-Erik Lantmannen Sweden
Baldini Luca ENI Italy
Barahona Maria Ascension Ecocarburantes Spain
Bennett John Afton Chemical UK
Bernabeu Victor ePURE Liaison
Bernard Joerg Suedzuecker Germany
Bontoft Carole Exxon Mobil UK
Burrows Aubrey Downstream Fuels Association UK
Burton Jerry Downstream Fuels Association UK
Catalano Salvatore SGS Italia Italy
9
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Name Organization Country
Chatzigakis Alexandros Helpe Greece
Costenoble Ortwin NEN TF Secretary
Crépeau Gerald PSA Peugeot Citroën France
Davison Phillip (Convenor) Davison Consultants UK
Desplechin Emmanuel ePURE Liaison
Di Giorgio, Laura Q8 Italy
Engelen Benoit Total Belgium
Faedo Davide SSC Italy
Feuerhelm Tom DIN/FAM Germany
Fiolet Gerard Shell Netherlands
Fischer Juergen DIN/FAM Germany
Gameson Thomas Abengoa Bioenergia Spain
Garcia Eduardo Abengoa Bioenergia Spain
Gibarroux Germain Renault France
Gynnerstedt Magnus Scania Sweden
Jackson Alistair Exxon Mobil UK
Jacobsson Lisa Volvo Cars Sweden
Jacquelin Paul Tereos France
Jeuland Nicolas IFP France
Karvo Anna Neste Finland
Kehoe Charlotte BP Germany
Kemppi Ida-Kaisa NEOT Finland
Keuken Hans Process Design Center Netherlands
Koppen Piet PAC Netherlands
Kouwenhoven Lenny PAC Netherlands
Kronström Börje St1 Sverige AB Sweden
Kuenne Henning VW Germany
Kurtsoglou Nicolas SNPAA France
Lemahieu Hendrik Belgian Bioethanol Association Belgium
Lois Evripidis Technical University Athens Greece
Manuelli Pascal Total France
Mirabella Walter LyondellBasell Italy
Papachristou Charaklia Hellenic Petroleum Greece
Pollak Vanda Hungrana Hungary
10
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CEN/TR 15993:2018 (E)
Name Organization Country
Quignard Alain IFP Energies Nouvelles France
Rantanen – Kolehmainen Leena Nesteoil Finland
Roj Anders Volvo Sweden
Saunders Bob Energy Institute UK
Scavone Roberto Bertolino Italy
Schuermans Kurt Chevron Netherlands
Starck Laurie IFP France
Terschek Rudolf ROFA Germany
Woldendorp Jacco Shell Netherlands
The task force has met on eleven occasions:
1) 27th September 2011 Brussels, 1st meeting
2) 2nd February 2012 Brussels, 2nd meeting
3) 31st May 2012 Seville, 3rd meeting
4) 4th October 2012 Brussels, 4th meeting
5) 7th March 2013 Brussels, 5th meeting
6) 18th September 2013 Paris, 6th meeting
7) 22nd October 2014 Breda, 7th meeting
8) 28th April 2015 Paris, 8th meeting
9) 21st October 2015 Paris, 9th meeting
10) 7th June 2016 Bordeaux, 10th meeting
11) 4th October 2016 Brussels, 11th meeting
In addition there were four web conferences held:
1) 23rd May 2013, 1st web conference
2) 3rd February 2014, 2nd web conference
3) 16th April 2014, 3rd web conference
4) 23rd January 2017, 4th web conference
11
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6 The ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification
6.1 Parameters included
Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel should be based on a mixture of ethanol complying to EN 15376 and of
regular market petrol product. The latter either complies to EN 228 or is a Blending Oxygenate Base-
stock (BOB) that fulfils EN 228 after addition of ethanol.
The parameters chosen by the TF E85 were those presented in Table 1 (general requirements) and
Table 2 (seasonal requirements) of CEN/TS 15293:2011. After the 10th meeting, all the parameters
were agreed upon in full consensus. The applicability of all the test methods had been checked within
CEN/TC 19 or at that time were under an improvement process (such as the oxygenates content
determinations), with the exception of octane. An overview of the assessment is presented in Table 3
below. Nevertheless, for octane, it was suggested to include any new or adapted methodology in the
next revision such as the alternatives indicated in DIN 51617-1. It was expected that by the end of the
first quarter of 2011, all the parameters would be in line with an applicable method.
Table 3 — Test method assessment
Property Test method Applicability prEN 15293, Annex A
for E85 fuel to be completed
Density EN ISO 12185
Oxidation stability EN ISO 7536
Existent gum content (solvent
EN ISO 6246
washed)
Copper strip corrosion (3 h at
EN ISO 2160
50 °C)
Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH) EN 15491
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15993:2017
01-december-2017
*RULYD]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD*RULYRHWDQRO ( ]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD2]DGMH
]DKWHYDQLKSDUDPHWURYQMLKRYLKRPHMLWHYLQGRORþHYDQM
Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters
required and their respective limits and determination
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol (E85) Fahrzeugkraftstoff - Hintergrund über die
geforderten Parameter und ihre entsprechenden Grenzen und Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Ethanol (E85) carburants pour automobiles - Historique
sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leur détermination
respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 15993
ICS:
71.080.60 Alkoholi. Etri Alcohols. Ethers
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15993:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15993:2017
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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 15993:2017
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 15993
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2017
ICS 75.160.20; 71.080.60
English Version
Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel -
Background to the parameters required and their
respective limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Ethanol (E85) Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol (E85)
carburants pour automobiles - Historique sur la Fahrzeugkraftstoff - Hintergrund über die geforderten
définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de Parameter und ihre entsprechenden Grenzen und
leur détermination respectives Bestimmung
This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 15993:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Summary . 6
4 Historical context . 6
5 Task Forces . 7
5.1 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force . 7
5.2 The Ethanol Fuel Task Force . 9
6 The ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification . 11
6.1 Parameters included . 11
6.2 Considerations on the parameters . 13
6.2.1 Denaturants . 13
6.2.2 RON/MON . 14
6.2.3 Ethanol content and higher alcohols . 15
6.2.4 Vapour pressure . 16
6.2.5 Density . 18
6.2.6 Sulfur content . 18
6.2.7 Oxidation stability . 19
6.2.8 Oxygenates content . 20
6.2.9 Phosphorus. 22
6.2.10 Water content . 23
6.2.11 Inorganic Chloride content . 24
6.2.12 Copper strip corrosion . 24
6.2.13 Total acidity . 25
6.2.14 Sulfate content . 25
6.2.15 Conductivity . 27
6.2.16 Additives . 28
6.2.17 Appearance . 28
6.2.18 Biologically sourced ethanol . 28
6.2.19 Guidelines . 29
6.3 Parameters considered and not included (anymore) in the draft specification . 29
6.3.1 Existent gum content (solvent washed) . 29
6.3.2 Copper content . 29
6.3.3 pHe. 30
6.3.4 High boiling components . 30
6.3.5 Chlorine as chlorides . 31
6.3.6 Lead . 31
7 Acknowledgements . 31
Bibliography . 32
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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 15993:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19
“Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”,
the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document will supersede CEN/TR 15993:2013.
The original Technical Report presented all decisions that led to CEN/TS 15293:2011 [1], when it was
developed from its predecessor [2]. This document now includes all decisions that have been made
within the Ethanol Fuel Task Force since 2011, following comments and further investigations leading
to the draft ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification as a proposed European Standard
prEN 15293:2017.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol
(E85) automotive fuel according to EN 15293. It provides background information on the final text of
the draft European standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers
and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.
It is applicable to ethanol (E85) for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on ethanol
(E85). Ethanol (E85) is a mixture of nominally 85 % ethanol and 15 % petrol, but it also includes the
possibility of having different 'seasonal grades' containing 50 % or more ethanol.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to prEN 15293:2017 and will be updated if further revisions to the
standard take place.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass
fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 228, Automotive fuels — Unleaded petrol — Requirements and test methods
EN 1601:1997, Liquid petroleum products — Unleaded petrol — Determination of organic oxygenate
compounds and total organically bound oxygen content by gas chromatography (O-FID)
EN 13016-1, Liquid petroleum products — Vapour pressure — Part 1: Determination of air saturated
vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE)
EN 13016-3, Liquid petroleum products — Vapour pressure — Part 3: Determination of vapour pressure
and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) (Triple Expansion Method)
CEN/TS 15293:2011, Automotive fuels — Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Requirements and test
methods
prEN 15293:2017, Automotive fuels — Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Requirements and test methods
EN 15376, Automotive fuels — Ethanol as a blending component for petrol —Requirements and test
methods
EN 15485, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of sulfur content — Wavelength
dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method
EN 15486, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of sulfur content — Ultraviolet
fluorescence method
EN 15487, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of phosphorus content —
Ammonium molybdate spectrometric method
EN 15488, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of copper content — Graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method
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EN 15489, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of water content — Karl Fischer
coulometric titration method
EN 15490, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of pHe
EN 15491, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of total acidity — Colour
indicator titration method
EN 15492, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of inorganic chloride and sulfate
content — Ion chromatographic method
EN 15691:2009, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of dry residue (involatile
material) — Gravimetric method
EN 15692:2009, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of water content — Karl
Fischer potentiometric titration method
EN 15721:2013, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol — Determination of higher alcohols,
methanol and other impurities — Gas chromatographic method
EN 15769, Ethanol as a blending component of petrol — Determination of appearance — Visual method
EN 16270:2015, Automotive fuels — Determination of high-boiling components including fatty acid
methyl esters in petrol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Gas chromatographic method
EN 16761-1, Automotive fuels — Determination of methanol in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel by gas
chromatography — Part 1: Method using single column technique
EN 16761-2, Automotive fuels — Determination of methanol in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel by gas
chromatography —Part 2: Method using heart cut technique
EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test (ISO 2160)
EN ISO 3405:2000, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric
pressure (ISO 3405:2000)
EN ISO 5163, Petroleum products — Determination of knock characteristics of motor and aviation fuels —
Motor method (ISO 5163)
EN ISO 5164, Petroleum products — Determination of knock characteristics of motor fuels — Research
method (ISO 5164)
EN ISO 7536, Petroleum products — Determination of oxidation stability of gasoline — Induction period
method (ISO 7536)
EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube
method (ISO 12185)
EN ISO 22854, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of hydrocarbon types and oxygenates in
automotive-motor gasoline and in ethanol (E85) automotive fuel — Multidimensional gas
chromatography method (ISO 22854)
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3 Summary
The European Commission is promoting the increased use of renewable energy and, as part of this
policy, is encouraging the use of ethanol as a blend component with gasoline.
For ethanol itself, a European Standard, EN 15376, was published in 2011, and this was developed
further into a standard for ethanol suitable for blending at all levels up to 85 % in gasoline (2014
publication).
For ethanol (E85) automotive fuel, the standardization activity began with the creation of a
CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA). This was developed subsequently by the Task Force (E85) into a
CEN Technical Specification, positively balloted by the end of 2010 (CEN/TS 15293.
The Ethanol Fuel Task Force (EFTF) was formed by CEN in 2011, and combined the activities of TF E85
and the existing Ethanol Task Force. EFTF was mandated to develop the Technical Specification for E85
into a full European Standard.
The test methods have been examined by the experts in the task forces to ensure their applicability to
E85 fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed. This
activity was supported by work in several other CEN working groups where the specialists in particular
methods are present.
All parameters were reviewed in terms of their need to be in the specification, and their limit values re-
assessed to fit with current needs. Parameters have been added or removed accordingly. Improved
methods have been developed, and some discontinued that did not meet the precision requirements.
Automotive ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is constituted from a mixture of ethanol complying to
EN 15376 and of regular market petrol product. The latter either complies to EN 228 or is a Blending
Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) that fulfils EN 228 after addition of ethanol. The need for a particular
parameter to be part of the E85 specification has taken account of those parameters in the ethanol and
gasoline specifications.
This document is the report on the technical work to date carried out by the TF E85 (see 5.1) and
subsequently the EFTF (see 5.2) towards establishing a European Standard for ethanol (E85)
automotive fuel.
4 Historical context
The European Commission is following a policy of promoting renewable energy use in Europe, and to
this end is encouraging the extension of automotive gasoline fuel with a proportion of renewably-
sourced ethyl alcohol (referred to in this document as ethanol).
In order to facilitate a transparent and stable market in ethanol, it is necessary to establish an ethanol
(E85) automotive fuel standard for Europe that will ensure a uniform high quality fuel for problem-free
use as a gasoline fuel.
In anticipation of a mandate from the Commission, in 2007 the Comité Européen de Normalization
(CEN) Technical Committee 19, responsible for Automotive Fuels Standards, accepted the
CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) revision as a work item on its programme to be developed in
Working Group 21, responsible for Automotive Gasoline management.
The intention of CEN/TC 19 was to develop CWA 15293 through to a European Standard, based on the
publication of EN 15376 for ethanol and EN 228 for gasoline, also taking into account the developments
in Sweden, France and Germany. Discussion in WG 21 had indicated that there were still test method
questions to be solved and thus national initiatives were not halted.
Initial planning was for enquiry text to be ready in August 2008, and the final text to be delivered in
November 2009. WG 21 had advised the use of EN 228 as the blending component and had supported a
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six month extension allowance for the E85 specification for the necessary updating of test methods and
seasonal grades. prEN 15293 was published for ballot in May 2009.
The TF 85, however, had encountered several open issues due to the uncertainty of octane guarantee in
the future with the integration of Blending Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) in all European markets and its
impact on ethanol (E85) automotive fuels. In addition, the test methods’ precision for chlorine content
at 1 mg/kg or below and the high-boiler requirement, had been under evaluation. Further time was
required to collect data on the current market, resulting in a better specification proposal. At the end of
2009, TF 85 still planned to aim at a submission for formal vote halfway through 2010. After the
CEN enquiry, considering the technical comments and the suggested necessary updates, the deliverable
on prEN 15293 had been changed into a CEN Technical Specification with its submission to CEN/CCMC
in March 2010.
CEN/TS 15293 was ratified by CEN on 28th September 2010 and was published as
CEN/TS 15293:2011.
The EFTF was formed in 2011 at the request of WG 21, and combined the work programmes on ethanol
and on E85. The mandate from WG 21 was:
a) to revise the Ethanol standard EN 15376 to be applicable to ethanol for blending at all levels up to
and including 85 %
b) to develop the CEN Technical Specification CEN/TS 15293 to a full European standard
The Ethanol European standard was duly revised and published as EN 15376:2014.
For E85, work within the EFTF commenced in 2011 to develop CEN/TS 15293 into a full European
standard. After significant work within the EFTF, and with the help of WG9 and WG 27, the meeting of
WG 21 in November 2014 approved the process of progressing to full EN standard. A NWI proposal was
prepared and balloted with a result of overwhelming support (16 in favour, 1 against).
A draft text for prEN 15293 was submitted for Enquiry Vote in February 2016. The proposed text was
rejected, mainly as a consequence of confusion around the topic of deposits/sulfate (see 6.2.14). WG 21
requested further clarification in June 2016, and a great deal more work was done in this area. In
February 2017, WG 21 agreed to progress to a second EV which commenced in June 2017.
5 Task Forces
5.1 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force
CEN requested TC 19/WG 21 to convene a task force and begin work on a draft ethanol (E85)
automotive fuel standard. A call was made to the industries concerned by the mandate for experts to
participate in the TF E85. The experts who have contributed to the work are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Membership of the Task Force (E85)
Name Organization Country
Auger Celine (from meetings 2 to 9) Renault France
Baldini Luca ENI Italy
Bennett John Afton Chemical United Kingdom
Bernard Joerg Südzucker Germany
Betlejewski Marek (from meetings 2 to 7) PKN Orlen Poland
Colbert Dane Ethanol Union France
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Name Organization Country
Costenoble Ortwin (TF Secretary) NEN Netherlands
Crépeau Gerald (Convenor) PSA Peugeot Citroën France
Elliott Nigel Exxon Mobil United Kingdom
Engelen Benoit Total Belgium
Feuerhelm Tom DIN/FAM Germany
Gameson Thomas Abengoa Bioenergia Spain
Gibarroux Germain (since meeting 10) Renault France
Grand Jean-Gabriel (until meeting 2) Renault France
Hermans Pierre (until meeting 10) Exxonmobil Belgium
Jeuland Nicolas (since meeting 5) IFP France
King Stan (until meeting 9) Afton Chemical CEFIC-ATC
Koppen Piet (since meeting 8) PAC Netherlands
Kronström Börje Svenska Shell Sweden
Lloyd Robin (until meeting 4) Argent Energy United Kingdom
Leber Edwin (until meeting 8) Opel Germany
Manuelli Pascal Total France
Mirabella Walter Lyondell Italy
Nilsson Magnus (until meeting 10) General Motors Powertrain Sweden
Olofsson Mathias (until meeting 10) SEKAB Sweden
Pollak Vanda (since meeting 6) Hungrana Hungary
Rantanen – Kolehmainen Leena (since meeting Nesteoil Finland
6)
Rappange Aly (until meeting 10) Royal Nedalco Netherlands
Saunders Bob (since meeting 8) EI United Kingdom
Schuermans Kurt (since meeting 7) Chevron Netherlands
Sijben Jo (from meetings 4 to 10) Process Design Center Netherlands
Skret Iwona (until meeting 6) Instytut Technologii Nafty Poland
Sniegula Agnieska (since meeting 8) PKN Orlen Poland
Spaans Han (until meeting 9) AC Analytical Controls Netherlands
Tittarelli Paolo SSC Italy
The task force has met on the following occasions:
1) 30th October 2007 Brussels, 1st meeting
2) 15th January 2008 Brussels, 2nd meeting
3) 5th March 2008 Hamburg, 3rd meeting
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4) 18th April 2008 London, 4th meeting
5) 3rd July 2008 Brussels, 5th meeting
6) 11th September 2008 Brussels, 6th meeting
7) 4th/5th December 2008 Paris, 7th meeting
8) 23rd April 2009 Paris, 8th meeting
9) 23rd September 2009 Paris, 9th meeting
10) 18th February 2010 Brussels, 10th meeting
TF 85 Convenor for 1st and 2nd meetings was John Bennett. Convenor for subsequent meetings was
Gerald Crépeau. Following the finalisation of the ethanol specification at the level of 10 % blending, it
was decided to merge the TF 85 with the Ethanol TF. At the end of 2010, both taskforces were
disbanded.
5.2 The Ethanol Fuel Task Force
CEN combined the work of the Ethanol and E85 task forces in 2011 and formed an Ethanol Fuel Task
Force (EFTF). The EFTF worked on the revision of the EN 15376 Ethanol standard, and the
development of the E85 CEN/TS 15293 to full European standard. The experts involved in this
combined task force were mainly those who participated in the previous task forces. The experts that
have contributed to the work since 2011 are listed in Table 2 (those no longer active in italics). EFTF
Convenor has been Phil Davison al this time.
Table 2 — Membership of the EFTF
Name Organization Country
Andersson Jan-Erik Lantmannen Sweden
Baldini Luca ENI Italy
Barahona Maria Ascension Ecocarburantes Spain
Bennett John Afton Chemical UK
Bernabeu Victor ePURE Liaison
Bernard Joerg Suedzuecker Germany
Bontoft Carole Exxon Mobil UK
Burrows Aubrey Downstream Fuels Association UK
Burton Jerry Downstream Fuels Association UK
Catalano Salvatore SGS Italia Italy
Chatzigakis Alexandros Helpe Greece
Costenoble Ortwin NEN TF Secretary
Crépeau Gerald PSA Peugeot Citroën France
Davison Phillip (Convenor) Davison Consultants UK
Desplechin Emmanuel ePURE Liaison
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Name Organization Country
Di Giorgio, Laura Q8 Italy
Engelen Benoit Total Belgium
Faedo Davide SSC Italy
Feuerhelm Tom DIN/FAM Germany
Fiolet Gerard Shell Netherlands
Fischer Juergen DIN/FAM Germany
Gameson Thomas Abengoa Bioenergia Spain
Garcia Eduardo Abengoa Bioenergia Spain
Gibarroux Germain Renault France
Gynnerstedt Magnus Scania Sweden
Jackson Alistair Exxon Mobil UK
Jacobsson Lisa Volvo Cars Sweden
Jacquelin Paul Tereos France
Jeuland Nicolas IFP France
Karvo Anna Neste Finland
Kehoe Charlotte BP Germany
Kemppi Ida-Kaisa NEOT Finland
Keuken Hans Process Design Center Netherlands
Koppen Piet PAC Netherlands
Kouwenhoven Lenny PAC Netherlands
Kronström Börje Svenska Shell Sweden
Kuenne Henning VW Germany
Kurtsoglou Nicolas SNPAA France
Lemahieu Hendrik Belgian Bioethanol Association Belgium
Lois Evripidis Technical University Athens Greece
Manuelli Pascal Total France
Mirabella Walter LyondellBasell Italy
Papachristou Charaklia Hellenic Petroleum Greece
Pollak Vanda Hungrana Hungary
Quignard Alain IFP Energies Nouvelles France
Rantanen – Kolehmainen Leena Nesteoil Finland
Roy Anders Volvo Sweden
Saunders Bob Energy Institute UK
Scavone Roberto Bertolino Italy
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Name Organization Country
Schuermans Kurt Chevron Netherlands
Starck Laurie IFP France
Terschek Rudolf ROFA Germany
Woldendorp Jacco Shell Netherlands
The task force has met on eleven occasions:
1) 27th September 2011 Brussels, 1st meeting
2) 2nd February 2012 Brussels, 2nd meeting
3) 31st May 2012 Seville, 3rd meeting
4) 4th October 2012 Brussels, 4th meeting
5) 7th March 2013 Brussels, 5th meeting
6) 18th September 2013 Paris, 6th meeting
7) 22nd October 2014 Breda, 7th meeting
8) 28th April 2015 Paris, 8th meeting
9) 21st October 2015 Paris, 9th meeting
10) 7th June 2016 Bordeaux, 10th meeting
11) 4th October 2016 Brussels, 11th meeting
In addition there were four web conferences held:
1) 23rd May 2013, 1st web conference
2) 3rd February 2014, 2nd web conference
3) 16th April 2014, 3rd web conference
4) 23rd January 2017, 4th web conference
6 The ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification
6.1 Parameters included
Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel should be based on a mixture of ethanol complying to EN 15376 and of
regular market petrol product. The latter either complies to EN 228 or is a Blending Oxygenate Base-
stock (BOB) that fulfils EN 228 after addition of ethanol”.
The parameters chosen by the TF E85 were those presented in Table 1 (general requirements) and
Table 2 (seasonal requirements) of CEN/TS 15293:2011. After the 10th meeting, all the parameters
were agreed upon in full consensus. The applicability of all the test methods had been checked within
CEN/TC 19 or at that time were under an improvement process (such as the oxygenates content
determinations), with the exception of octane. An overview of the assessment is presented in Table 3
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below. Nevertheless, for octane, it was suggested to include any new or adapted methodology in the
next revision such as the alternatives indicated in DIN 51617-1. It was expected that by the end of the
first quarter of 2011, all the parameters would be in line with an applicable method.
Table 3 — Test method assessment
Property Test method Applicability prEN 15293, Annex A
for E85 fuel to be completed
Density EN ISO 12185
Oxidation st
...
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