SIST EN 459-1:2010
(Main)Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
This European Standard applies to building lime used for: preparation of binder for mortar (for example for masonry, rendering and plastering); - production of other construction products (for example calcium silicate bricks, autoclaved aerated concrete, concrete, etc.); - civil engineering applications (for example soil treatment, asphalt mixtures, etc.). It gives definitions for the different types of building lime and their classification. It also gives requirements for their chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of building lime and specifies the conformity criteria. Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and the purchaser of building lime, are outside the scope of this European Standard.
Baukalk - Teil 1: Begriffe, Anforderungen und Konformitätskriterien
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Baukalke
- für die Herstellung von Mörtel (z. B. für Mauermörtel und Putzmörtel für Außen- und Innenputz),
- die Herstellung anderer Bauprodukte (z. B. für Kalksandsteine, Porenbeton, Beton, usw.),
- Anwendungen im Bauingenieurwesen (z. B. Bodenverbesserung, Heißasphalt, usw.)
Sie enthalt Definitionen der verschiedenen Baukalkarten und deren Klassifizierung. Sie enthält darüber hinaus die Anforderungen an die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften, die von der jeweiligen Baukalkart abhängig sind, und legt die Konformitätskriterien für Baukalk fest.
Lieferbedingungen und andere Vertragsvereinbarungen, die üblicherweise in den zwischen dem Lieferanten und dem Käufer von Baukalk ausgetauschten Dokumenten enthalten sind, gehören nicht zum Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm.
Chaux de construction - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et critères de conformité
La présente Norme européenne s'applique à la chaux de construction utilisée pour :
- la préparation de liant pour mortier (par exemple, pour la maçonnerie, les enduits intérieurs et
extérieurs) ;
- la fabrication d'autres produits (par exemple, briques de silicates de calcium, béton cellulaire autoclavé,
béton, etc.)
- des applications de génie civil (par exemple traitement des sols, mélange bitumineux à chaud, etc.).
Elle donne les définitions des différents types de chaux de construction et leur classification. Elle prescrit
également des exigences concernant leurs propriétés chimiques et physiques, celles-ci étant fonction du type
de chaux de construction, et spécifie les critères de conformité.
Les modalités de mise à disposition ou autres conditions contractuelles faisant normalement partie des
documents échangés entre fournisseur et acheteur de la chaux de construction n'entrent pas dans le domaine
d'application de la présente Norme européenne
Gradbeno apno - 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in merila skladnosti
Ta evropski standard velja za gradbeno apno, ki se uporablja za: pripravo veziva za malto (na primer za zidanje, ometavanje in štukature); - izdelavo drugih gradbenih proizvodov (na primer opek iz apnenega peščenca, avtoklavnega celičastega betona, betona itd.); - gradbeniške aplikacije (na primer obdelavo prsti, asfaltne mešanice itd.). Navaja definicije za različne vrste gradbenega apna in njihovo razvrščanje. Navaja tudi zahteve za njihovo kemične in fizikalne lastnosti, ki so odvisne od vrste gradbenega apna, ter določa merila skladnosti. Pogoji dobave ali drugi pogodbeni pogoji, običajno vključeni v dokumente, ki si jih izmenjata dobavitelj in kupec gradbenega apna za nekonstrukcijsko uporabo, niso predmet tega evropskega standarda.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Gradbeno apno - 1. del: Definicije, zahteve in merila skladnostiBaukalk - Teil 1: Begriffe, Anforderungen und KonformitätskriterienChaux de construction - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et critères de conformitéBuilding lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar01.040.91Gradbeni materiali in gradnja (Slovarji)Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 459-1:2010SIST EN 459-1:2010en,de01-december-2010SIST EN 459-1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 459-1:2002/AC:2004SIST EN 459-1:20021DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 459-1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 459-1
September 2010 ICS 01.040.91; 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 459-1:2001English Version
Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
Chaux de construction - Partie 1: Définitions, spécifications et critères de conformité
Baukalk - Teil 1: Begriffe, Anforderungen und Konformitätskriterien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 July 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 459-1:2010: ESIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51Scope .62Normative references .63Terms and definitions .64Air lime .84.1General .84.2Sub-families of air lime .84.2.1Calcium lime (CL).84.2.2 Dolomitic lime (DL) .84.3Forms of air lime .84.3.1Quicklime (Q) .84.3.2Hydrated lime (S, S PL or S ML) .84.4Calcium lime .94.4.1Classification of calcium lime .94.4.2Chemical requirements for calcium lime .94.4.3Physical requirements and other physical properties for quicklime . 104.4.4Physical requirements and other physical properties for hydrated lime and lime putty . 104.4.5Additional properties . 114.4.6Durability requirements . 114.4.7Conformity criteria of calcium lime . 114.4.8Standard designation of calcium lime . 144.5Dolomitic lime . 144.5.1Classification of dolomitic lime . 144.5.2Chemical requirements for dolomitic lime . 144.5.3Physical requirements and other physical properties for dolomitic quicklime . 154.5.4Physical requirements and other physical properties for dolomitic hydrated lime . 164.5.5Additional properties . 164.5.6Durability requirements . 164.5.7Conformity criteria of dolomitic lime . 174.5.8Standard designation of dolomitic lime . 185Lime with hydraulic properties . 195.1General . 195.2Sub-families of lime with hydraulic properties . 195.2.1Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) . 195.2.2Formulated lime (FL) . 195.2.3Hydraulic lime (HL) . 195.3Natural hydraulic lime . 205.3.1Classification of natural hydraulic lime . 205.3.2Chemical requirements for natural hydraulic lime . 205.3.3Physical requirements and other physical properties for natural hydraulic lime . 205.3.4Additional properties . 215.3.5Durability requirements . 215.4Formulated lime . 215.4.1Classification of formulated lime . 215.4.2Composition of formulated lime . 225.4.4Physical requirements and other physical properties for formulated lime . 235.4.5Additional properties . 245.4.6Durability requirements . 245.5Hydraulic lime . 24SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 3 5.5.1Classification of hydraulic lime . 245.5.2Chemical requirements for hydraulic lime . 245.5.3Physical requirements and other physical properties for hydraulic lime . 255.5.4Additional properties . 265.5.5Durability requirements . 265.6Conformity criteria of natural hydraulic lime, formulated lime and hydraulic lime . 265.6.1General requirements . 265.6.2Conformity requirements. 265.7Standard designation of lime with hydraulic properties . 285.7.1Standard designation of natural hydraulic lime . 285.7.2Standard designation of formulated lime . 285.7.3Standard designation of hydraulic lime . 28Annex A (normative)
Statistical evaluation methods for strength, physical and chemical properties . 29Annex B (informative)
Additional properties for building lime . 35Annex C (informative)
Schematic diagram for the types of lime and fields of application . 37Annex D (normative)
Declaration of composition for formulated lime . 38Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Product Directive . 40Bibliography . 48 SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 459-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 459-1:2001. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 459, Building lime, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria Part 2: Test methods Part 3: Conformity evaluation The requirements in EN 459-1 are based on the results of tests on building lime determined in accordance with EN 459-2. Annexes A and D are normative, Annexes B, C and ZA are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 5 Introduction The revision of this European Standard for building lime was initiated by Resolution No 402 taken by CEN/TC 51 "Cement and building limes" in 2004. Different sources of raw materials and different climatic conditions have led to different developments in building construction and civil engineering practices and materials and therefore to different kinds of building lime in different regions of Europe. The inclusion of a wider range of building lime which exists in Europe has made it necessary to establish a number of classes. The previous national standards for building lime generally also formed the basis for different areas of application (see Annex C (informative)). The classification chosen therefore also takes into consideration these circumstances as far as possible. For a better understanding, the standard makes a clear distinction between air lime (Clause 4) and lime with hydraulic properties (Clause 5). Depending on the composition and characteristics of the products, each clause is then divided into sub-paragraphs (calcium lime and dolomitic lime for air lime; natural hydraulic lime, formulated lime and hydraulic lime for lime with hydraulic properties) containing the appropriate definitions, specifications and conformity criteria. SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard applies to building lime used for: preparation of binder for mortar (for example for masonry, rendering and plastering); production of other construction products (for example calcium silicate bricks, autoclaved aerated concrete, concrete, etc.); civil engineering applications (for example soil treatment, asphalt mixtures, etc.). It gives definitions for the different types of building lime and their classification. It also gives requirements for their chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of building lime and specifies the conformity criteria. Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and the purchaser of building lime, are outside the scope of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 459-2:2010, Building lime — Part 2: Test methods EN 459-3:2001, Building lime — Part 3: Conformity evaluation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
NOTE See also Annex C. 3.1 lime calcium oxide and/or hydroxide, and calcium-magnesium oxide and/or hydroxide produced by the thermal decomposition (calcination) of naturally occurring calcium carbonate (for example limestone, chalk, shells) or naturally occurring calcium magnesium carbonate (for example dolomitic limestone, dolomite) 3.2 building lime group of lime products, exclusively consisting of two families: air lime and lime with hydraulic properties, used in applications or materials for construction, building and civil engineering 3.3 air lime1)
lime (see 3.1) which combines and hardens with carbon dioxide present in air
1) Translation of a term used in most European countries. SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 7 NOTE Air lime has no hydraulic properties. Air lime is divided into two sub-families, calcium lime (CL) and dolomitic lime (DL). 3.4 lime with hydraulic properties building lime (see 3.2) consisting mainly of calcium hydroxide, calcium silicates and calcium aluminates NOTE It has the property of setting and hardening when mixed with water and/or under water. Reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide is part of the hardening process. Lime with hydraulic properties is divided into three sub-families, natural hydraulic lime (NHL), formulated lime (FL) and hydraulic lime (HL). 3.5 allowable probability of acceptance CR for a given sampling plan, allowed probability of acceptance of building lime with a characteristic value outside the specified characteristic value 3.6 sampling plan specific plan which states the (statistical) sample size(s) to be used, the percentile Pk and the allowable probability of acceptance CR 3.7 characteristic value value of a required property outside which lies a specified percentage, the percentile Pk, of all the values of the population 3.8 specified characteristic value characteristic value of a strength, physical or chemical property which in the case of an upper limit is not to be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached 3.9 single result limit value value of a strength, physical or chemical property which − for any single test result − in the case of an upper limit is not be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached 3.10 spot sample sample taken at the same time and from one and the same place, relating to the intended tests
NOTE It can be obtained by combining one or more immediately consecutive increments (see EN 459-2). 3.11 autocontrol testing continual testing by the manufacturer of building lime spot samples taken at the point(s) of release from the factory/depot 3.12 control period period of production and dispatch identified for the evaluation of the autocontrol test results SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 8 4 Air lime 4.1 General Air lime is used for the preparation or the production of materials used in building construction as well as in civil engineering. Air lime (see 3.3) when appropriately batched and mixed with water, forms a paste that improves the workability (values of flow and penetration) and water retention of mortars. The carbonation of hydrates in contact with atmospheric carbon dioxide forms calcium carbonate which develops strength and contributes to the durability of mortars containing building lime (hence the name of air lime).
Sub-families and forms of air lime are given in 4.2 and 4.3 respectively.
4.2 Sub-families of air lime 4.2.1 Calcium lime (CL) Calcium lime is an air lime consisting mainly of calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide without any hydraulic or pozzolanic addition. 4.2.2
Dolomitic lime (DL) Dolomitic lime is an air lime consisting mainly of calcium magnesium oxide and/or calcium magnesium hydroxide without any hydraulic or pozzolanic addition. 4.3 Forms of air lime 4.3.1 Quicklime (Q) Quicklime is an air lime mainly in the oxide form which reacts exothermically on contact with water. Quicklime is available in a range of sizes from lump to powder. 4.3.2 Hydrated lime (S, S PL or S ML) Hydrated lime is an air lime mainly in the hydroxide form produced by the controlled slaking of quicklime. Hydrated lime is available as: powder (S);
putty (S PL); or
slurry or milk of lime (S ML). Dolomitic lime is also produced as semi-hydrated dolomitic lime (S1), mainly consisting of calcium hydroxide and magnesium oxide. SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 9 4.4 Calcium lime 4.4.1 Classification of calcium lime Calcium lime shall be classified according to the notation given in Table 1 and its total (CaO + MgO) content in accordance with Table 2. Table 1 — Types of calcium limea Designation Notation Calcium lime 90 CL 90 Calcium lime 80 CL 80 Calcium lime 70 CL 70 a In addition, calcium lime is classified according to the form of the product, quicklime (Q), hydrated lime (S), lime putty (S PL) or milk of lime (S ML).
Conformity with this classification is assessed by means of statistical quality control as described in Annex A of this European Standard. 4.4.2 Chemical requirements for calcium lime The properties of the type of calcium lime shown in Table 2 determined in accordance with EN 459-2 shall conform to the requirements in that table. All types of calcium lime listed in Table 2 may contain additives in small quantities to improve the manufacture or properties of calcium lime. When the total content exceeds 0,1 %, the actual types and amounts shall be declared. Table 2 — Chemical requirements of calcium lime given as characteristic values Type of calcium lime Values given as mass fraction in percent CaO + MgO MgOa CO2b SO3 Available limec CL 90 ≥ 90 ≤ 5 ≤ 4 ≤ 2 ≥ 80 CL 80 ≥ 80 ≤ 5 ≤ 7 ≤ 2 ≥ 65 CL 70 ≥ 70 ≤ 5 ≤ 12 ≤ 2 ≥ 55 The values for CaO + MgO, MgO, CO2 and SO3 are applicable to all forms of calcium lime. For quicklime these values correspond to the finished product; for all other forms of lime (hydrated lime, lime putty and milk of lime) the values are based on the product after subtraction of its free water and bound water content. The values for available lime (calcium oxide for quicklime, calcium hydroxide for hydrated lime) refer to the product when tested in accordance with EN 459-2. a MgO content up to 7 % is permitted if the soundness test in accordance with EN 459-2 is passed. b A higher content of CO2 is permitted, if all other chemical requirements in Table 2 are satisfied and the test frequency satisfies the requirements in Table 7. c Higher values of available lime may be requested.
SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 10 4.4.3 Physical requirements and other physical properties for quicklime The physical properties of the type of quicklime shown in Tables 3 to 4 determined in accordance with EN 459-2 shall conform to the requirements in those tables.
Table 3 — Physical requirements of quicklime Type of quicklime Soundness after slaking in accordance with 6.4.4 of EN 459-2:2010a CL 90 Pass CL 80 CL 70 a Slaking according to the instructions of the lime producer
Table 4 — Reactivity (R) of quicklime given as characteristic values Type of quicklime Reactivity (time in min), in accordance with 6.6 of EN 459-2:2010 R5 R 4 R3 R2 Rsv CL 90 t60 < 10
t60 < 25
— — other specified value or no requirement CL 80 t60 < 10
t60 < 25
t50 < 25
— CL 70 — — — t40 < 25
The particle size distribution of all types of quicklime shown in Table 1 shall conform to the requirements in Table 5 and shall be determined in accordance with EN 459-2.
Table 5 — Particle size distribution (P) of quicklime given as characteristic values Sieve size Particle size distributiona (mass fraction passing the sieve in percent),
in accordance with Clause 6 of EN 459-2:2010 P4 P3 P2 P1 Psv 10 mm 100 — — — other specified value or no requirement
5 mm ≥ 95 100 100 — 2 mm — ≥ 95 ≥ 95 100 0,2 mm — — ≥ 70 ≥ 95 0,09 mm — ≥ 30 ≥ 50 ≥ 85 a Particle size ≥ 2 mm shall be determined by dry sieving in accordance with
EN 459-2:2010, 6.1 and particle size < 2 mm by air-jet sieving in accordance with EN 459-2:2010, 6.2.
4.4.4 Physical requirements and other physical properties for hydrated lime and lime putty The physical properties of hydrated lime and lime putty of the type shown in Table 6 determined in accordance with EN 459-2 shall conform to the requirements in that table.
SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 11 Table 6 — Physical requirements of hydrated calcium lime and lime puttya, given as characteristic values Type of hydratedcalcium lime Particle sizeb Free water contentc Soundnessd, e Mortar testsb, f For hydrated limes Lime putty PenetrationAir content % residue by mass Reference method Alternative method 0,09 mmg 0,2 mm % mm mm mm % CL 90 ≤ 7 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 20 Pass > 10 and < 50 ≤ 12 CL 80 CL 70 a Particle size and free water content apply to hydrated calcium lime for all applications. Soundness, penetration and air content apply only to hydrated calcium lime for masonry mortar, plastering and rendering. b Not for lime putty.
c Not for lime putty. The free water content of lime putty is normally between 45 % and 70 %. d Tested in accordance with 6.4 of EN 459-2:2010. e Hydrated calcium lime which includes particles larger than 0,2 mm shall satisfy the requirements of the soundness test for hydrated calcium
limes with grains larger than 0,2 mm in EN 459-2. f Tested in accordance with the test on standard mortar in EN 459-2. g A residue on 0,09 mm sieve up to 15 % is permitted as long as the soundness test given in 6.4.2 of EN 459-2:2010 is passed.
4.4.5 Additional properties Other properties may be subject either to requirements in application standards dealing with the use of calcium lime or to requests from the user. These properties are given in informative Annex B. 4.4.6 Durability requirements The choice of calcium lime, particularly as regards types for different applications and exposure conditions shall follow the appropriate European or national application standards and/or regulations valid in the place of use. 4.4.7 Conformity criteria of calcium lime 4.4.7.1 General requirements Conformity of calcium lime to this European Standard shall be continuously evaluated on the basis of testing of spot samples. The properties to be tested for the autocontrol testing by the manufacturer, test methods and the minimum testing frequencies for each type of calcium lime detailed in Table 1 are specified in Table 7. The declaration of conformity by the manufacturer, shall be based on the evaluation of conformity of building lime with this European Standard according to the scheme specified in EN 459-3. NOTE Requirements for the declaration of conformity which the manufacturer should make available under the CE marking procedure are established in Annex ZA and should not be confused with other types of declaration of conformity. 4.4.7.2 Conformity requirements Sampling shall take place at the point of release of the building lime. SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 12 Conformity of calcium lime with the requirements concerning chemical and physical properties in this European Standard is assumed if the requirements in Tables 2 to 6 inclusive are met. The requirements in these tables shall be taken as absolute values. The evaluation procedure depends on the frequency of testing during the control period of twelve months. If the number of samples is at least one per week, the evaluation may be statistical (characteristic values) (see Annex A). Statistical evaluation is normally carried out by attributes (see Table 7 and A.1.3). If the data are normally distributed, the evaluation may be made by variables (see Table 7 and A.1.2). NOTE This standard does not deal with acceptance inspection at delivery. SIST EN 459-1:2010
EN 459-1:2010 (E) 13 Table 7 — Properties, test methods and minimum testing frequenciesa for the autocontrol testing by the manufacturer Property Form of calcium limeb Test method to be usedc Minimum frequency of testing by manufacturer Autocontrol testing Regulard (see 4.4.7.2) Initial type testingl Inspection by variablesh Inspection by attributesj 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Particle size Quicklime
EN 459-2 1/week 2/week X
Hydrated limem 1/day 2/day X
Soundness Quicklimee Hydrated lime 1/dayg 2/day
X Lime putty 1/week 2/week
X Penetration/ Water demand Hydrated lime 2/year 1/month
X Air content Hydrated limek 2/year 1/month
X CaO + MgO, MgOf Quicklime Hydrated lime Lime putty
1/week 2/week
X CO2f, n Quicklime Hydrated lime Lime putty
1/week 2/week
X SO3 Quicklime Hydrated lime Lime putty
1/month 2/month
X Available limef, o Quicklime Hydrated lime Lime putty
1/week 2/week
X Free water Hydrated lime Lime putty
1/month 2/month
X Reactivity Quicklime
1/week 2/week
X a The methods used to take and prepare samples shall be in accordance with EN 459-2. Tests may be carried out at any time between production and dispatch. The producer shall ensure that the requirements are met at the time of dispatch. b See 4.3 and Table 1. c Any other met
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