SIST EN ISO 14678:2006
(Main)Adhesives - Determination of resistance to flow (sagging) (ISO 14678:2005)
Adhesives - Determination of resistance to flow (sagging) (ISO 14678:2005)
This European Standard describes seven methods for the assessment of the flow characteristics of adhesives after application at room temperature and during cure, by the measurement of sagging. These methods may be used both for specifying an adhesive and for quality control purposes.
Klebstoffe - Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Fließen (Sagging) (ISO 14678:2005)
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt sieben Verfahren zur Erfassung des Fließcharakters von Klebstoffen nach ihrem Auftragen bei Raumtemperatur oder während ihrer Vernetzung durch Messung des Absinkens. Diese Verfahren können sowohl zur Spezifikation eines Klebstoffes als auch zur Qualitätskontrolle angewandt werden.
Adhésifs - Détermination de la résistance au fluage (coulure) (ISO 14678:2005)
La présente Norme européenne décrit sept méthodes pour évaluer les caractéristiques de fluage des adhésifs en mesurant la coulure apres leur application a température ambiante et pendant le durcissement. Ces méthodes peuvent etre utilisées a la fois pour le choix des adhésifs et pour les contrôles de qualité.
Lepila – Določanje odpornosti proti tečenju (polzenju) ISO 14678:2005)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14678:2006
01-januar-2006
/HSLOD±'RORþDQMHRGSRUQRVWLSURWLWHþHQMX SRO]HQMX ,62
Adhesives - Determination of resistance to flow (sagging) (ISO 14678:2005)
Klebstoffe - Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Fließen (Sagging) (ISO 14678:2005)
Adhésifs - Détermination de la résistance au fluage (coulure) (ISO 14678:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14678:2005
ICS:
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
SIST EN ISO 14678:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 14678:2006
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SIST EN ISO 14678:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14678
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2005
ICS 83.180
English version
Adhesives - Determination of resistance to flow (sagging) (ISO
14678:2005)
Adhésifs - Détermination de la résistance au fluage Klebstoffe - Bestimmung des Widerstandes gegen Fließen
(coulure) (ISO 14678:2005) (Sagging) (ISO 14678:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14678:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 14678:2006
EN ISO 14678:2005 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Guidance: Typical applications for the seven test methods are as follows: .6
5 Sampling.6
6 Safety .6
7 Method 1: Use of an applicator to apply a wet film.6
8 Method 2: Use of a plug former.10
9 Method 3: Use of a scraper.15
10 Method 4: Use of test blocks .17
11 Method 5: Flow from a lap joint.21
12 Method 6: Flow of adhesive through a hole.24
13 Method 7: Flow of structural adhesive films.25
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EN ISO 14678:2005 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN ISO 14678:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193
"Adhesives", the secretariat of which is held by AENOR, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 61
"Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by February 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by February 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom
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Introduction
When an adhesive joint is prepared, it is important that the applied adhesive does not flow away from the area of
the joint. Flow can occur before the joint has been assembled, e.g. before solvent or water has evaporated, or after
the joint has been closed, but before the adhesive has set, e.g. during the curing, solidification, or drying process.
The flow of an applied adhesive will be influenced by the stress applied and the duration and temperature of the
bonding process. The extent of flow of an adhesive will also be influenced by the surface energies involved and the
degree of roughness of the adherents. The occurrence of flow under gravity is called sagging (see Clause 3).
This European Standard describes three types of test for the assessment of sagging. In the first type of test, which
simulates the conditions before joint assembly, the extent of flow of an adhesive down a surface which is either
vertical (Methods 1, 2 and 3) or at 60° to the horizontal (Method 4) is measured. In the second type of test, which
simulates conditions after assembly (Methods 5 and 6), the flow of adhesive from a hole or slot is observed. The
third type of test simulates conditions during the cure cycle for structural film adhesives (Method 7). The method
appropriate to the type of adhesive and its consistency should be selected.
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1 Scope
This European Standard describes seven methods for the assessment of the flow characteristics of adhesives after
application at room temperature and during cure, by the measurement of sagging. These methods may be used
both for specifying an adhesive and for quality control purposes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 923:1998, Adhesives — Terms and definitions
EN 1067, Adhesives — Examination and preparation of samples for testing
EN 13887, Structural Adhesives - Guidelines for surface preparation of metals and plastics prior to adhesive
bonding
EN ISO 15605, Adhesives - Sampling (ISO 15605:2000)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 923:1998 together with the
following apply.
3.1
flow
deformation of an adhesive or adhesive layer
3.2
sagging
downward movement of an adhesive film between the time of application and setting resulting in an uneven coating
having a thick lower edge
NOTE The resulting sagging is usually restricted to a local area of a vertical surface.
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4 Guidance: Typical applications for the seven test methods are as follows:
* Method 1: Use of an applicator to apply a wet film (see Clause 7) - Resistance to flow after
application.
* Method 2: Use of a plug former (see Clause 8) - Resistance to sagging after application.
* Method 3: Use of a scraper (see Clause 9) to apply a film of adhesive - Resistance to flow
after application during cure.
* Method 4: Use of test blocks (see Clause 10) to measure static flow of adhesives after
application and during cure.
* Method 5: Flow from a lap joint (see Clause 11) - Resistance to flow after application.
* Method 6: Flow of adhesive through a hole (see Clause 12) - Resistance to dripping after
application.
* Method 7: Flow of structural adhesive films (see Clause 13) - Resistance to flow during the
cure cycle.
5 Sampling
Take a sample of the product to be tested in accordance with EN ISO 15605. Examine and prepare this sample for
testing in accordance with EN 1067, where applicable, depending on which of the seven test methods is to be
employed.
6 Safety
Persons using this standard shall be familiar with normal laboratory practice.
This standard does not purport to address all the safety problems, if any, associated with its use.
It is responsibility of the user to establish safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any European
and national regulatory conditions.
7 Method 1: Use of an applicator to apply a wet film
7.1 Principle
A wet film of the adhesive of defined thickness and shape is applied to a flat horizontal surface of a substrate using
an applicator. After application the test panel is placed vertically in the test atmosphere for a specified time. The
extent of sagging of the applied adhesive is measured (using the top edge of the test panel as a reference).
7.2 Supplementary information
This method of test requires that the following supplementary information shall be specified when the method is
performed:
a) description of the test substrate;
b) procedure for preparation of the test surface;
c) details of the conditioning atmosphere;
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d) details of the test atmosphere;
e) temperature;
f) method of mixing of two-component adhesives and the time between mixing and application;
g) method of application of the adhesive and the applicator gap size;
NOTE The wet film thickness given by an applicator is generally less than the depth of the gap.
h) duration of the test.
7.3 Apparatus and materials
7.3.1 Test panel(s), of glass or other specified material. Dimensions of approximately (300 × 200) mm are
convenient. Sufficient panels to allow for three strips of adhesive of similar thickness are required.
7.3.2 Applicator(s), of different gap sizes (or stencils and suitable applicators, if the nature of the adhesive
requires this apparatus).
7.3.3 Enclosure(s), to provide the specified conditioning and/or test atmospheres.
7.4 Conditioning and pretreatment
Cut test panels as required. Thoroughly clean each panel and carry out any specified pretreatment. Condition the
adhesive and the prepared test panels (if required) in the specified conditioning atmosphere.
NOTE If not otherwise specified, the recommended conditions are (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH.
7.5 Procedure
Place a prepared test panel in a horizontal position and apply strips of the adhesive parallel to the longer edge
(see Figure 1). Mark one of the longer edges as the reference edge and, as quickly as possible, measure the
distance in millimetres of the further edge of each strip from it.
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Key
1 Reference edge
2 Applicator
3 Test panel
4 Extruded strips
Figure 1 — Applicator for preparing adhesive strips (Method 1: Use of an applicator to apply a wet film)
Taking care to avoid vibration, mount the test panel within 2° of the vertical so that the strips are horizontal and the
reference edge is at the top (see Figure 2). Place the panel in the test atmosphere for the specified time and then
determine the sagging of the adhesive by measuring the maximum distance of flow of each strip from the reference
edge.
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Key
1 Reference edge
2 Line of lower edge of strip before test
3 Maximum distance of flow
Figure 2 — Flow of adhesive strips (Method 1: Use of an applicator to apply a wet film)
NOTE The test panel may be reused only if the surface condition in the actual bonding process can be reproduced in the
test.
Repeat the test for at least three strips at each applicator gap size.
7.6 Expression of results
For each strip calculate the sagging as the maximum difference in millimetres between the distance of the further
edge of the strip from the reference edge before and after the test.
Express the result as the mean sagging in millimetres of the repeated tests at each specified applicator gap size.
7.7 Test report
The report shall state the following:
a) reference to this European Standard;
b) all information necessary for the complete identification of the adhesive;
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c) items of supplementary information given in 7.2;
d) result for each applicator gap depth;
e) that the method of test complied with the requirements of this standard, i.e. Method 1, or if it did not, the
respects in which it did not comply;
f) any operating details not specified in the method, as well as any incidents likely to have affected the results,
such as, for example, phase separation, etc;
g) date of the test.
8 Method 2: Use of a plug former
8.1 Principle
The adhesive is used to fill a cavity of known dimensions. The adhesive plug is then extruded and the apparatus is
placed vertically in the test atmosphere for the specified time and the degree of sagging measured.
8.2 Supplementary information
This method of test requires that the following supplementary information shall be specified when the method is
called up:
a) details of the test atmosphere;
b) details of the conditioning atmosphere;
c) temperature;
d) method of mixing of two-component adhesives and the time between mixing and application;
e) duration of the test.
8.3 Apparatus and materials
8.3.1 Flow test apparatus. Block of metal, e.g. brass, light alloy or steel with a bright finish and overall
dimensions not less than (100 × 50) mm.
The upper part of the block is drilled to provide a cylindrical cavity of diameter (38 ± 0,05) mm. The adhesive plug is
extruded from the cavity by a solid plunger closely fitting the cavity and provided with means of positioning the face
of the plunger flush with the face of the block and at a depth of (9,5 ± 0,05) mm. A graduated scale shall be marked
or engraved on the lower face of the block. The first line shall be tangential to the lowest point of the circumference
of the cavity and subsequent lines shall be spaced at (1 ± 0,1) mm or (2 ± 0,1) mm intervals over a distance of
50 mm. A suitable design is shown in Figure 3 with end plates fitted to support the block during filling.
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Cavity depth 9,5 ± 0,05
2 Graduation
3 Plunger
4 Cavity diameter 38 ± 0,05
Figure 3 — Flow tester (Method 2: Use of a plug former)
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8.3.2 Plastic scraper
8.3.3 Enclosure(s), to provide the specified test and conditioning atmosphere(s).
8.3.4 Solvent(s), suitable for cleaning the apparatus before and after use and for removal of excess adhesive.
8.4 Conditioning and pretreatment
Thoroughly clean the test apparatus with the solvent. Then condition it and the test adhesive for at least 5 h in the
conditioning atmosphere.
NOTE If not otherwise specified the recommended conditions are (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH.
8.5 Procedure
Place the test apparatus on a level surface with the drill face uppermost and depress the plunger until its face is
9,5 mm below the face of the block. Thoroughly mix or stir the adhesive, as appropriate, and fill the cavity, ensuring
that no air pockets are formed. Level the adhesive flush with the face of the block with the scraper (8.3.2), drawing
it across the filled cavity so that the excess adhesive is carried away from the graduated scale, i.e. the part of the
face down which flow will subsequently occur.
Advance the plunger to the limit of its travel so that its face is level with the surface of the block thus leaving a test
portion of adhesive in the form of a cylindrical plug, 38 mm in diameter, on the face of the block.
Taking care to avoid vibration immediately mount the apparatus vertically with the adhesive plug at the top
(see Figure 4) and leave in the test atmosphere for the specified time.
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Extruded adhesive plug
Figure 4 — Adhesive plug before testing (Method 2: Use of a plug former)
At the end of the test period, read to the nearest millimetre the lowest point of the adhesive flow (see Figure 5).
Immediately clean the apparatus and repeat the test with a further test portion of adhesive. Carry out at least three
tests.
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Key
1 Adhesive flow
Figure 5 — Adhesive plug after testing (Method 2: Use of a plug former)
8.6 Expression of results
Express the sagging as the mean of the distance in millimetres travelled by the adhesive for the repeated test
results.
8.7 Test report
The report shall state the following:
a) reference to this European Standard;
b) all information necessary for the complete identification of the adhesive;
c) items of supplementary information given in 8.2;
d) result of each individual test and the mean;
e) that the method of test complied with the requirements of this standard, i.e. Method 2, or if it did not, the
respects in which it did not comply;
f) any operating details not specified in the method, as well as any incidents likely to have affected the results,
such as phase separation, etc.;
g) date of the test.
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9 Method 3: Use of a scraper
9.1 Principle
This method applies to sagging at room temperature or during curing and is recommended for quality control test
purposes.
A wet film of adhesive of defined shape is applied to a flat horizontal surface of a substrate using a scraper. After
application the panel is placed vertically at (23 ± 2) °C or in the test atmosphere for curing for a specified time.
The extent of sagging of the applied adhesive is measured.
9.2 Supplementary information
See Method 1, 7.2.
9.3 Apparatus and materials
9.3.1 Set of scrapers cut from (1,62 ± 0,05) mm thick aluminium sheet to the dimensions given in Figure 6.
9.3.2 Degreased flat aluminium plate of approximate dimensions 100 mm × 150 mm × 1,6 mm.
9.3.3 Circulating air oven (if required) to provide the specified conditioning and/or test atmospheres.
9.3.4 Ruler graduated in millimetres
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
Scraper:
1,6: a = 1,6
3,2: a = 3,2
4,8: a = 4,8
6,35 a = 6,35
Figure 6 — Scraper (Method 3: Use of a scraper)
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9.4 Conditioning and pretreatment
Cut out test panels as required. Thoroughly clean each panel and then carry out any specified pretreatment.
Condition the adhesive and the prepared test panels (if required) in the specified conditioning atmosphere.
NOTE If not otherwise specified the recommended conditions are (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH.
9.5 Procedure
Select a scraper.
Place adhesive on the aluminium plate parallel to the 100 mm side so as to cover an approximate area of
38 mm × 75 mm with a depth greater than that of the scraper to be used.
Holding the scraper at an angle of 45°, draw the scraper slowly across the adhesive so as to deposit a uniform
25 mm × 75 mm, ribbon parallel to the 100 mm side of the aluminium plate.
NOTE Significant deviations from the 45° angle will change the film thickness and resultant sagging measurement.
Place the adhesi
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