oSIST prEN 15708:2007
(Main)Water quality - Guidance standard for the surveying, sampling and laboratory analysis of phytobenthos in shallow running water
Water quality - Guidance standard for the surveying, sampling and laboratory analysis of phytobenthos in shallow running water
This proposed guidance standard provides guidelines for the survey/sampling, identification and basic quantification of phytobenthos (other than macrophytes) in running waters. It is applicable to rivers where benthic algae and bryophytes are the main phototrophs. This method encompasses all phytobenthic growth forms and enables biological responses to environmental events over one or more years to be monitored. In this respect it provides an alternative to methods based on benthic diatoms (EN 13946; EN 14407) and macrophytes (EN 14184). Data obtained for the phytobenthos growth forms are suitable for pilot surveys, water quality assessment and trend monitoring. This proposed European Standard encompasses all aspects from the design of survey and sampling programmes to the identification and basic quantification of the phytobenthos.
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Beobachtung, Probenahme und Laboranalyse von Phytobenthos in flachen Fließgewässern
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Anleitungen für die Untersuchung/Probenahme, Identifizierung und grundlegenden Quantifizierung des Phytobenthos (außer Makrophyten) in Fließgewässern. Sie ist in Flie߬gewässern anwendbar, in denen benthische Algen und Moose die Hauptprimärproduzenten sind. Dieses Verfahren umfasst alle phytobenthischen Wuchsformen und ermöglicht das Monitoring von Umwelt¬ereig¬nissen über ein oder mehrere Jahre. In dieser Hinsicht bietet sie eine Alternative zu Verfahren, die auf benthischen Diatomeen (EN 13946; EN 14407) und Makrophyten (EN 14184) basieren. Erhobene Daten zu den phytobenthischen Wuchsformen eigenen sich für Einzeluntersuchungen, Bewertungen der Wasser¬qualität und für das Trendmonitoring. Diese Europäische Norm umfasst alle Aspekte der Gestaltung von Untersuchungen und Probenahmeprogrammen bis zur Identifizierung und grundlegenden Quantifizierung des Phytobenthos.
Qualité de l'eau - Guide pour l'étude, l'échantillonnage et l'analyse en laboratoire du phytobenthos dans les cours d'eau peu profonds
La présente Norme européenne donne des lignes directrices pour l’étude/l’échantillonnage, l’identification et la quantification de base du phytobenthos (autre que les macrophytes) dans les cours d’eau. Elle est applicable aux rivières dans lesquelles les algues benthiques et les bryophytes sont les principaux phototrophes. Cette méthode englobe toutes les formes de croissance phytobenthique et permet de surveiller les réponses biologiques à des événements environnementaux sur une ou plusieurs années. A cet égard, elle fournit une solution alternative aux méthodes basées sur les diatomées benthiques (EN 13946, EN 14407) et sur les macrophytes (EN 14184). Les données obtenues pour les formes de croissance du phytobenthos sont adaptées aux études pilotes, à l’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau et au suivi dans le temps. La présente Norme européenne englobe tous les aspects, de la conception des programmes d’étude et d’échantillonnage jusqu’à l’identification et la quantification de base du phytobenthos.
Kakovost vode - Smerni standard za rutinsko pregledovanje, vzorčenje in laboratorijske analize fitobentov v plitvih vodotokih
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2007
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ODERUDWRULMVNHDQDOL]HILWREHQWRYYSOLWYLKYRGRWRNLK
Water quality - Guidance standard for the surveying, sampling and laboratory analysis of
phytobenthos in shallow running water
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Beobachtung, Probenahme und Laboranalyse von
Phytobenthos in flachen Fließgewässern
Qualité de l'eau - Guide pour l'étude, l'échantillonnage et l'analyse en laboratoire du
phytobenthos dans les cours d'eau peu profonds
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15708
ICS:
13.060.10 Voda iz naravnih virov Water of natural resources
13.060.70 Preiskava bioloških lastnosti Examination of biological
vode properties of water
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2007
ICS
English Version
Water quality - Guidance standard for the surveying, sampling
and laboratory analysis of phytobenthos in shallow running water
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 230.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15708:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Principle.6
5 Reagents.7
6 Equipment .7
7 Survey and sampling strategy.9
8 Survey and sampling procedures.11
9 Identification and basic quantification of organisms .16
10 Data processing and interpretation .17
11 Quality assurance.20
Bibliography .21
Foreword
This document (prEN 15708:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
Introduction
WARNING — Working in or around water is inherently dangerous. Persons using this European
Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. Long periods of analysis at the
microscope can cause physical fatigue and affect eyesight. Attention should be given to the
ergonomics of the microscope and advice from a health and safety practitioner should be sought to
ensure that risks are minimized. The use of chemical products mentioned in this standard can be
hazardous and users should follow guidelines provided by the manufacturers and take necessary
specialist advice. This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to
ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
The phytobenthos is an important component of aquatic ecosystems and an understanding of the composition
of the phytobenthos present in a waterbody can provide useful information on the status of that waterbody,
and on appropriate management strategies. The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) [2] requires
monitoring of the phytobenthos as one part of ecological status assessment, and phytobenthos assessments
have also been used in monitoring programmes associated with other European Directives (e.g. Urban
Wastewater Treatment Directive, Habitats Directive) and with national legislation (e.g. ÖNORM M6231).
This guidance standard specifically relates to the sampling of phytobenthos (other than macrophytes) in
running water. An etymologically-correct application of the term “phytobenthos” would cover all phototrophic
organisms; however, this encompasses a vast range of organisms, from microscopic unicells to macrophytes
> 2 m in length. As separate survey methods for macrophytes are available (EN 14184), this document
focuses on phototrophic algae and oxygenic cyanobacteria that live on substrata. However, the focus of this
document is shallow running waters which are generally erosive and dominated by boulders, cobbles and
pebbles and, under such circumstances, there are often competitive interactions between the larger algae and
bryophytes. Similarly, macrophyte species may, themselves, act as substrata for algae and cyanobacteria. For
these reasons, the standard provides options for including these taxa in survey and sampling procedures. The
term “periphyton” is sometimes used instead of “phytobenthos”; however, some definitions of “periphyton”
include heterotrophic organisms that live attached to substrata (protozoa, sponges, hydroides). Such
organisms fall outside the definition of “phytobenthos sensu stricto” assemblage.
Methods using phytobenthos to assess water quality in running water have been developed in several
European countries and in the USA [1]. Recent work is summarised in the proceedings of three symposia [6],
[9], [10]. Methods for the sampling and analysis of one group of phytobenthos, the diatoms, have already been
the subject of harmonisation (EN 13946, EN 14407). However, these standards are concerned with only a
single group of the phytobenthos and there are situations where other phototrophs are more obvious and can
contribute additional ecological information.
According to the precise usage to which this standard is to be put it is essential for specifiers and users to
mutually agree on any necessary variations or optional procedural details prior to use.
1 Scope
This European Standard provides guidelines for the survey/sampling, identification and basic quantification of
phytobenthos (other than macrophytes) in running waters. It is applicable to rivers where benthic algae and
bryophytes are the main phototrophs. This method encompasses all phytobenthic growth forms and enables
biological responses to environmental events over one or more years to be monitored. In this respect it
provides an alternative to methods based on benthic diatoms (EN 13946; EN 14407) and macrophytes
(EN 14184). Data obtained for the phytobenthos growth forms are suitable for pilot surveys, water quality
assessment and trend monitoring. This European Standard encompasses all aspects from the design of
survey and sampling programmes to the identification and basic quantification of the phytobenthos.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13946, Water quality — Guidance standard for the routine sampling and pretreatment of benthic diatoms
from rivers
EN 14184, Water quality — Guidance standard for the surveying of aquatic macrophytes in running waters
EN 14407, Water quality — Guidance standard for the identification, enumeration and identification of benthic
diatom samples from running waters
EN 14996, Water quality — Guidance on assuring the quality of biological and ecological assessments in the
aquatic environment
EN 15204, Water quality — Guidance standard for the routine analysis of phytoplankton abundance and
composition using inverted microscopy (Utermöhl technique)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
aquatic macrophytes
larger plants of fresh water which are easily seen with the naked eye, including all aquatic vascular plants,
bryophytes, stoneworts (Characeae) and macro-algal growths
3.2
assemblage
the organisms that share a habitat or microhabitat
NOTE This term is preferred to “community”, as the latter implies a level of ecological integration of the organisms;
whereas sampling may inadvertently combine representatives from more than one true “community” that are not distinct to
the naked eye.
3.3
belt transect
defined band across a river or stream at right angles to the bank, along which the area covered by
phytobenthos is estimated
3.4
benthic algae
algae and oxygenic cyanobacteria living attached to substrata (rather than suspended in the water column)
3.5
biofilm
mucilagineous polysaccharide matrix on submerged stable surfaces consisting of photo(auto)trophic and
heterotrophic organisms
3.6
boulder
stones with a diameter > 256 mm
3.7
bryophytes
a collective term for liverworts, mosses and hornworts – plants which are often abundant on boulders and
bedrock of upland streams
3.8
cobble
stones with a diameter from 64 mm to 256 mm
3.9
degree of cover
percent of substratum at the sampling site covered (by the organism)
3.10
epilithic algae
algae living attached to or in close association with stony substrata
3.11
epiphytic algae
algae living attached to or in close association with macrophytes or other algae
3.12
epipelic algae
algae that live in or on fine sediments
3.13
epipsammic algae
algae that live attached to or in close association with sand
3.14
habitat
the type of environment where individuals of a species live
3.15
macroscopic benthic algae
multicellular algae and aggregations (units/groupings) of unicellular algae living attached to substrata (as
opposed to those suspended in the water column) that are visible to the naked eye
3.16
nuisance biomass
accumulations of benthic algae that are a nuisance to users of the watercourse and/or that detrimentally affect
its ecology
3.17
periphyton
a group of organisms (principally algae, but also including fungi, bacteria and protozoa) living on or in close
contact with surfaces in aquatic environments
NOTE 1 Bryophytes have an intermediate position. They are often regarded as a component of the macrophytes,
particularly in slow flowing rivers where macrophytes are common.
NOTE 2 The term “periphyton” is often used as a synonym for benthic algae in recent literature.
3.18
phototroph
organism whose main source of carbon is obtained through photosynthesis
NOTE For the purpose of this standard, facultative phototrophs such as many Euglenophyta are included within this
definition.
3.19
phytobenthos
all phototrophic algae and oxygenic cyanobacteria that live on substrata, rather than suspended in the water
column
3.20
reach
length of a watercourse forming a major sub-division of a river basin and defined by physical, chemical or
hydrological characteristics (or any combination of these) that distinguishes it from the watercourse upstream
and downstream
NOTE The boundaries between reaches mark the principal points of transition where the overall character of the
watercourse changes.
3.21
reference conditions
conditions reflecting a totally undisturbed state, lacking human impact, or near-natural with only minor
evidence of distortion
3.22
riffle
fast-flowing shallow water with distinctly broken or disturbed surface over gravel/pebble or cobble substratum
3.23
survey unit
length of river from which data are collected during field survey; this may be a fixed length (e.g. 10 m) or
variable, according to the methods used,
...
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