SIST EN 13586:2021
(Main)Cranes - Access
Cranes - Access
This European Standard specifies design requirements for non-powered access installed on cranes.
NOTE 1 For other type of access a requirement for information to be supplied is specified.
This European Standard covers access to control stations and all access required for maintenance, certain erection
and dismantling operations (see below) and emergency.
For those cranes which are intended to be erected and dismantled at their places of work, specific requirements for the
access needed during these operations are given in the appropriate European Standards for specific crane types.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements for access on particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the
particular crane type.
The dimensions given in this European Standard do not take into account the safety distances related to:
- guarding;
- relative movement between crane and adjacent structure;
- hazardous surface temperature;
- electrical equipment.
The significant hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in clause 4.
This European Standard is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of
this standard.
Krane - Zugang
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an die Konstruktion für den nicht kraftbetriebenen Zugang zu Kranen fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für andere Zugangsarten wird festgelegt, welche Angaben zu machen sind.
Außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs liegen gleitfähige, einfahrbare Zugangseinrichtungen, außer beweglicher Rückenschutz.
Dieses Dokument behandelt Zugangseinrichtungen zu Steuerständen und alle erforderlichen Zugänge für Wartung, bestimmte Montage- und Demontagearbeiten.
Besondere Anforderungen für die Zugänge, die für die Montage und Demontage der Krane erforderlich sind, die regelmäßig ihren Einsatzort ändern sollen, werden in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt und sollten in den entsprechenden Europäischen Normen für die einzelnen Krantypen angegeben sein.
Beleuchtung für Zugangseinrichtungen wird in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt und sollte in den entsprechenden Europäischen Normen für die einzelnen Krantypen angegeben sein.
ANMERKUNG 2 Besondere Anforderungen für den Zugang bei einzelnen Krantypen sind in der entsprechenden Europäischen Norm für den einzelnen Krantyp angegeben.
Die in diesem Dokument angegebenen Anforderung berücksichtigten nicht Sicherheitsabstände bezüglich
- Schutzeinrichtungen gegen Gefährdungen durch bewegliche Teile;
- Relativbewegung zwischen Kran und angrenzender Umgebung oder dem (Erd-)Boden;
- gefährlicher Oberflächentemperatur;
- elektrischer Ausrüstung.
Die signifikanten Gefährdungen, die in diesem Dokument behandelt werden, sind in Abschnitt 4 aufgelistet.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für Krane, die vor der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments durch CEN hergestellt wurden.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Accès
Le présent document spécifie les prescriptions de conception relatives aux moyens d'accès non motorisés installés sur les appareils de levage à charge suspendue.
NOTE 1 Pour les autres types d'accès, une prescription relative aux informations à fournir est spécifiée.
Le présent document couvre l'accès aux postes de commande et l'ensemble des accès requis pour les opérations de maintenance, pour certaines opérations de montage et de démontage (voir ci-dessous) ainsi que pour les situations d'urgence.
Pour les appareils de levage à charge suspendue destinés à être montés et démontés sur leurs lieux d'utilisation, des prescriptions spécifiques relatives à l'accès requis pendant ces opérations sont données dans les Normes européennes appropriées relatives aux types spécifiques d'appareils de levage à charge suspendue.
NOTE 2 Les prescriptions spécifiques relatives à l'accès aux types particuliers d'appareils de levage à charge suspendue sont données dans la Norme européenne appropriée relative au type particulier d'appareil de levage à charge suspendue.
Les dimensions données dans le présent document ne tiennent pas compte des distances de sécurité liées :
- aux protecteurs ;
- au mouvement relatif entre l'appareil de levage à charge suspendue et la structure adjacente ;
- à une température de surface dangereuse ;
- aux équipements électriques.
Les phénomènes dangereux significatifs couverts par le présent document sont identifiés à l'Article 4.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue fabriqués avant la date de publication par le CEN de la présente norme.
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Dostop
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13586:2021
01-april-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13586:2004+A1:2008
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Dostop
Cranes - Access
Krane - Zugang
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Accès
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13586:2020
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
SIST EN 13586:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13586:2021
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SIST EN 13586:2021
EN 13586
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 13586:2004+A1:2008
English Version
Cranes - Access
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Accès Krane - Zugang
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 November 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13586:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13586:2021
EN 13586:2020 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 List of significant hazards . 6
5 Safety requirements and protective measures . 7
5.1 Selection of means of access . 7
5.2 Classification of access . 8
5.3 General design principles . 9
5.4 Stairs and step ladders . 10
5.5 Spiral stairs . 11
5.6 Rung ladders - footholds . 12
5.7 Hoop guards . 15
5.8 Walkways, inclined walkways, platforms . 17
5.9 Minimum clear passage of access routes . 18
5.10 Handrails and side protection . 19
5.11 Handholds . 21
5.12 Hatches and manholes. 22
5.13 Strength, means of access and their supporting structures . 23
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 23
7 Information for use . 24
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 25
Annex B (informative) Examples of surfaces considered to be slip-resistant . 27
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 29
Bibliography . 30
2
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SIST EN 13586:2021
EN 13586:2020 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13586:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes
safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13586:2004+A1:2008.
The main technical changes in this edition compared to EN 13586:2004+A1:2008 are in 5.5, 5.10, 5.11,
5.13, Clause 6 and Clause 7. Clause 4 and Annex ZA have been updated to conform with the valid
drafting rules. Additionally, the arrangements of figures and tables have been improved for reasons of
clarity and technical and editorial accuracy.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex A.
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EN 13586:2020 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for crane access
to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as mentioned
in Annex ZA.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
are covered, are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in a type B standard,
the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for
machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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SIST EN 13586:2021
EN 13586:2020 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies design requirements for non-powered access installed on cranes.
NOTE 1 For other type of access, a requirement for information to be supplied is specified.
Slidable, retractable means of access are excluded from the scope, except movable hoop guards.
This document covers means of access to control stations and all access required for maintenance,
certain erection and dismantling operations.
For those cranes which are intended to be erected and dismantled frequently to change their places of
work, specific requirements for the access needed during these operations are not covered by this
document and should be given in the appropriate European Standards for specific crane types.
Lighting of means of access is not covered by this document and should be given in the appropriate
European Standards for specific crane types.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements for access on particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European
Standard for the particular crane type.
The requirements given in this document do not take into account the safety distances related to:
— guarding against hazard from moving parts;
— relative movement between crane and adjacent structure or the ground/floor;
— hazardous surface temperature;
— electrical equipment.
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of publication
by CEN of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes - Information for use and testing - Part 1: Instructions
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 14122-4:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed
ladders (ISO 14122-4:2016)
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EN 13586:2020 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rest platform
standing area for persons to rest, situated at intervals between flights of ladders or stairs
3.2
platform
standing area for persons to work from, e.g. for maintenance or inspection
3.3
handrail
device, which provides continuous hand support between two locations
3.4
handhold
means of providing support by a single hand placement
3.5
foothold
means of providing support for one or two feet for vertical access
3.6
manhole
access opening to allow the passage of persons, and which could have a cover fitted
3.7
hatch
access opening to allow the passage of persons, provided with a cover openable without use of tools
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 of this clause contains all the significant hazards as listed in CEN Guide 414, hazardous
situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as
significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
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Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this
document
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Inadequacy of mechanical strength of the crane and its 5.7.2, 5.13
parts
1.2 Crushing hazard 5.10, 5.12
1.3 Shearing hazard 5.10
1.5 Cutting or severing hazard 5.10, 5.12
1.6 Entanglement hazard 5.9
1.7 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.6.1, 5.10, 5.12
1.8 Slipping, tripping and falling 5.3, 5.4, 5.6.1, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9,
5.10, 5.11
1.9 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.1, 5.3.3, 5.3.4, 5.10
8 Ergonomic hazards
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.1, 5.2
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg 5.3 to 5.12
anatomy
8.3 Use of personal protection equipment 5.1, 5.4, 5.6.1, 7
5 Safety requirements and protective measures
5.1 Selection of means of access
Means of access shall conform to the safety requirements and protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the equipment shall be designed in accordance with the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for
hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
The following factors shall be taken into account, when determining means of access for cranes:
— frequency of use;
— equipment and tools to be carried;
— vertical distance to cover;
— nature of use, e.g. regular operator access, maintenance, inspection.
Provision of access, when moving from one level to another, should be in the preferential order: stair,
step ladder and rung ladder. Furthermore, permanent protective equipment (e.g. hoop guard, side
protection) shall be preferred to personal protection equipment. Where personal protection equipment
is required, continuous system avoiding the necessity to connect and disconnect shall be preferred.
The type of the means of the access depending on its steepness shall be selected in accordance with the
Figure 1.
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Key
1 rung ladder 5 inclined walkway
2 step ladder 6 walkway
3 range to be avoided 7 not permitted zone
4 stair D access direction when going upwards
Figure 1 — Ranges of angles for different means of access in their working position
For structural requirements of means of access, the term “ladder” is used to refer both to rung ladders
and step ladders.
Where the vertical height between point of access and operator’s control station is more than 30 m, the
crane shall be designed with provisions to receive a powered access. Where a powered access system is
provided, an additional access way of Type 1 shall also be provided.
Other means of access than those in the scope of this standard may be utilized, e.g. for inspection
locations with an inspection interval longer than one year, for emergency exit or for access for erection
and dismantling. Access in such cases may be designed to rely on use of personal fall protection
equipment against falls from a height (see EN 363:2018 and EN 795:2012) or use of mobile elevating
work platforms.
5.2 Classification of access
Type 1 access shall be provided in the following cases, as relevant:
— the main access way of the crane operator to the control station and to starting equipment;
— the access way to maintenance locations, with a maintenance or inspection period shorter than one
month.
Type 2 access may be provided, instead of Type 1 access, in the following cases, as relevant:
— the access way to maintenance locations, with a maintenance or inspection period one month or
longer;
— emergency exit;
— access for erection and dismantling.
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5.3 General design principles
5.3.1 When ascending or descending provisions shall be made to provide simultaneous three-point
support; two hand holds and one foot hold or two feet holds and one hand hold.
5.3.2 Where a lateral body move is necessary from a rung of a ladder to another support surface, the
distance between the step or rung and the nearest edge of the support surface shall be within a
spherical radius of 300 mm or shorter, see Figure 2.
Key
R spherical radius
S support surface
Figure 2 — Distance between a step or rung and the nearest edge of any support surface
5.3.3 Means of access, walking and standing areas shall:
— have their working position(s) designated; (for example platform on articulated boom needs
defined position of the boom for the access);
— take into account the number of the persons, and the presence of objects such as tools and spare
parts;
— be constructed of materials specified as being incombustible and with slip resistant surfaces, which
do not retain liquid. See Annex B.
The steps between adjacent, fixed (non-moveable) floor sections shall not exceed 8 mm in height. This
requirement does not apply in cases, where access is directly on a structural surface and the step is due
to welded joint of the structure.
Every control station shall have at least one exit onto a fixed means of access. An alternative means of
egress shall be provided, where a fixed means of access cannot be reached from all working positions of
the control station or of the crane.
5.3.4 Where apertures are used in the floor of a walkway, inclined walkway, landing or platform
situated above an area, where persons are expected, slots and interstices shall fulfil the following
requirements:
— a ball with a diameter 20 mm or greater cannot pass through;
— a slot has a maximum width of 12 mm, where the length is 200 mm or greater.
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5.3.5 Hand supports shall be designed and constructed so as not to have exposed sharp edges and
corners or other hazardous projections. Edges shall have radii (minimum 2 mm) or be chamfered
(minimum 2 × 2 mm).
Obstacles to retain the hands or feet, shall be provided at the ends of handholds and footholds.
5.3.6 Where access is foreseen with portable ladders, permanent means shall be provided to prevent
the top of the ladder from sliding or slipping.
Portable ladders shall meet the requirements of this document for ladders.
5.4 Stairs and step ladders
Type 1 stairs shall be provided with a handrail and an intermediate guard-rail on both sides. Where the
distance between a stair and a continuous surface is less than 200 mm, it is permissible to omit
intermediate guard-rails. For details of handrails and side protections, see 5.10.
The climbing height of a single flight shall not exceed 6 m for Type 1 step ladders.
Where Type 2 stairs are not fitted with a handrail, provision (e.g. an inclined lifeline in accordance with
EN 795:2012) shall be made for the use of personal fall protection equipment against falls from a height.
For personal fall protection equipment, see EN 363:2018.
Step ladders shall be provided with handrails or handholds on both sides.
Steps shall be regularly spaced within a single section of stairs or step ladders. The distance from the
floor to the first step should be the same as the rise of the stair or ladder; but may vary to accommodate
movement between the floor and the step or for the fitting of standardized components.
Stairs and step ladders shall have the dimensions in accordance with Figure 3, Table 2 and Table 3.
Figure 3 — Dimensional parameters for stairs and step ladders
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Table 2 — Dimensions for stairs
Dimensions in millimetres
Symbols in accordance with Figure 3 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
Clear width of the step b 450 - 320 -
Rise h 180 250 180 250
Going g 150 270 150 270
Tread depth
p 200 - 200 -
Tread depth (p) shall not be less
than the going (g).
Height between the floor and the
- 600 - 700
first step
The following formula should be applied for stairs: 600 mm ≤ 2 × rise + going ≤ 660 mm.
Table 3 — Dimensions for step ladders
Dimensions in millimetres
Symbols in accordance with Figure 3 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
Clear width of the step b 450 - 320 -
Rise h 230 300 230 300
Going g 80 - 80 -
Tread depth p 80 - 80 -
Height between the floor and
- 600 - 700
the first step
5.5 Spiral stairs
The general requirements for stairs regarding e.g. steps, handrails and rest platforms apply also for
spiral stairs, where relevant and where not in conflict with the requirements given in this clause.
Spiral stairs as specified here are applicable in Type 1 and Type 2 access ways.
Spiral stairs shall fulfil the following special requirements:
— spiral stairs shall be fitted with side protection;
— the clear width of the access way (R ) shall be 660 mm or wider;
2
— the clear head room of the access way shall be 2 000 mm or higher;
— the rise height of steps (h) shall be not more than 240 mm;
— the tread depth (p) shall be 190 mm or more, measured at 300 mm (R ) from the narrower edge;
1
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— the going of a step (g) shall be 140 mm or more but not greater than the tread depth (p), measured
at 300 mm (R ) from the narrower edge;
1
— the size of steps shall be the same through a single spiral stair section, between the lower and upper
walkway or platform.
For illustration of the used symbols, see Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Dimensional parameters for spiral stairs
5.6 Rung ladders - footholds
5.6.1 Rung ladders
The following requirements apply to rung ladders and individual rungs fixed to the crane structure.
Rungs shall be regularly spaced within a single section of ladders, except for the first rung which may
vary to accommodate for movement between the floor and the rung or for the fitting of standardized
component.
Handholds (see 5.11) shall be provided to facilitate access to or from the ladder.
Where a vertical ladder provides an access upwards to a walkway, platform or rest platform, handholds
need not be provided, if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
a) two handrails (see 5.10) are provided, with opening (u) for the access in accordance with 5.11;
b) the ladder uprights are extended to at least 1 m height from the floor of the walkway, platform or
rest platform;
c) one handrail and one ladder upright are provided to at least 1 m height from the floor of the
walkway, platform or rest platform.
Type 1 ladders, which present a risk of falling greater than 3 m and type 2 ladders, which present a risk
of falling greater than 5 m, shall be equipped with a hoop guard. For Type 2 ladders, the hoop guard
may be replaced by facilities for use with personal fall protection equipment against falls from a height
as defined in EN 363.
Type 1 and Type 2 ladders shall have rest platforms at least every 6 m.
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Flights of ladders shall be positioned, or other means provided, to prevent persons falling more than
6 m.
The cross-section of a rung shall be circular or have rounded corners.
Rungs and rung ladder dimensions shall be in accordance with Figures 5 and 6 and Table 4. Minimum
free space around a ladder shall be as illustrated in Figure 6, with the values for the dimensions d, e and
w taken only the minimum ones from Table 4. The maximum values for e and w are for hoop guards
only.
Where provided, the anti-climb devices at ladders shall comply with Annex A of EN ISO 14122-4:2016.
Figure 5 — Dimensional parameters for rung ladders
Figure 6 — Free space around a ladder and hoop guard dimensions
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Table 4 — Dimensions for rungs and rung ladders
Dimensions in millimetres
Symbols in accordance with Figures 5 and 6 Type 1 access Type 2 access
max. max.
min. min.
Rung pitch i 230 300 230 300
Height between the floor and the first - 600 - 700
rung
a
Rung size k 16 50 16 50
Obstacle height at rung end s 20 - 20 -
b b
Clear width m 300 - 300 -
Gap between stiles if they are g ≤ 10 or g ≤ 10 or
g
discontinuous
50 ≤ g ≤ 200 50 ≤ g ≤ 200
c
Clear depth for foot d 150 - 150 -
Clear width at the back side w 600 800 500 800
Clear depth at the back side e 600 800 600 800
a
Diameter for circular cross-section or diameter of inscribed circle for regular shape section with more than three
corners or width of upper flat surface for other profiles.
b
For placing only one foot, see Figure 5.
c
Distance may be reduced to 125 mm at discontinuous obstacles.
5.6.2 Footholds
Depending on the shape of the footholds, their dimensions are similar to the rungs of the ladders or as
given for special footholds in Table 5 and in Figure 7. Handholds (see 5.11) shall be provided to
facilitate access to and from the foothold.
Footholds shall be regularly spaced. The distance between the floor and the first foothold shall be the
same as the rise, with the exception of the first foothold which may vary to accommodate for movement
between the floor and the rung or for the fitting of standardized component.
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Key
1 handhold
Figure 7 — Dimensions for special footholds
Table 5— Dimensions for special footholds
Dimensions in millimetres
Dimensions in mm
Symbols in accordance with Figure 7 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
a a
Clear width m 300 - 300 -
b
Clear depth d 150 - 150 -
Clear height at the back h 100 - 100 -
1
Clear opening in the front h2 150 - 150 -
Clearance between handholds u 450 - 450 -
Distance between handhold and the
z 0 200 0 200
front of the foothold
a
For placing only one foot, see Figure 5.
b
Distance may be reduced to 125 mm at discontinuous obstacles.
5.7 Hoop guards
5.7.1 General
Side and back protection is required for ladders and step ladders, where there is a risk of falling, see
5.6.1. The protection can be achieved by a hoop-guard built specifically for this purpose, or by
continuous structural surfaces providing an equivalent protection. Side and back protection and equally
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the free space around a ladder shall meet the requirements given for the dimensions d, w and e in
Table 4 and illustrated in Figure 6.
Hoop-guard structure shall meet the dimensional requirements in accordance with Table 6. The hoops
shall be connected by three or five longitudinal bars spaced equally around the hoop. The distance
between two vertical bars on the hoop guard shall be less than 400 mm. In all cases, one bar shall be
located in a position diametrically opposite to the centre line of the ladder. The hoops should be placed
at right angles to the vertical bars on the hoop guard. The uprights should be fixed to the inside of the
hoop and be equally spaced.
Where, at a junction of the down end of a ladder and a platform/walkway, the platform width c is 1 m
1
or less or the sideways distance c is 0,7 m or less, the gap between the lowest hoop and the handrail
2
shall be protected to prevent a person from falling through. This can be achieved by connecting the
hoop to the handrail with an additional protection, see Figure 8. Alternatively, a local increase of the
side protection height may be provided as shown in EN ISO 14122-4:2016, Figures 16 and 17.
Key
1 additional protection to close a gap
Figure 8 — Example of additional protection
5.7.2 Movable hoop-guards
Movable hoop-guards are such, which can be moved and locked between access and stored positions.
Movable hoop-guards may be provided in conjunction with movable cabin or platform.
Movable hoop-guard for rung ladders shall:
— have their movement guided along the access ladder;
— for all operating positions, be designed so that the hoops remain perpendicular to the ladder;
— be fitted with at least five flexible straps.
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Each flexible strap shall
— have a minimum strength of 25 kN;
— exhibit an elastic extension not exceeding 10 % of the length when a force of 10 kN is applied.
Hoop-guard dimensions shall be in accordance with Table 6.
Table 6— Dimensions for hoop-guar
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13586:2019
01-september-2019
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Dostop
Cranes - Access
Krane - Zugang
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Accès
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13586
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
oSIST prEN 13586:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13586:2019
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13586
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2019
ICS 53.020.20 Will supersede EN 13586:2004+A1:2008
English Version
Cranes - Access
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Accès Krane - Zugang
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13586:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 List of significant hazards . 6
5 Safety requirements and protective measures . 8
5.1 Selection of means of access . 8
5.2 Classification of access . 9
5.3 General design principles . 9
5.4 Stairs and stepped ladders . 11
5.5 Spiral stairs . 12
5.6 Rung ladders - footholds . 13
5.7 Hoop guards . 16
5.8 Walkways, inclined walkways, platforms . 18
5.9 Minimum clear passage of access routes . 19
5.10 Handrails and side protection . 20
5.11 Handholds . 22
5.12 Hatches and manholes. 23
5.13 Strength, means of access and their supporting structures . 23
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 24
7 Information for use . 25
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 26
Annex B (informative) Examples of surfaces considered to be slip-resistant . 28
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 30
Bibliography . 31
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13586:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes
safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This document will supersede EN 13586:2004+A1:2008.
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex A.
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Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for
crane access to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive,
as mentioned in Annex ZA.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events
are covered, are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in a type B standard,
the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for
machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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1 Scope
This document specifies design requirements for non-powered access installed on cranes.
NOTE 1 For other type of access a requirement for information to be supplied is specified.
This document covers access to control stations and all access required for maintenance, certain
erection and dismantling operations (see below) and emergency.
For those cranes which are intended to be erected and dismantled at their places of work, specific
requirements for the access needed during these operations are given in the appropriate European
Standards for specific crane types.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements for access on particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European
Standard for the particular crane type.
The dimensions given in this document do not take into account the safety distances related to:
— guarding;
— relative movement between crane and adjacent structure;
— hazardous surface temperature;
— electrical equipment.
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of publication by
CEN of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-43:2009, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of
persons and goods - Part 43: Lifts for cranes
EN 349:1993+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
EN 363:2018, Personal fall protection equipment - Personal fall protection systems
EN 795:2012, Personal fall protection equipment - Anchor devices
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of
steel structure
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rest platform
standing area for persons to rest, situated at intervals between flights of ladders or stairs
3.2
platform
standing area for persons to work from, e.g. for maintenance or inspection
3.3
handrail
device, which provides continuous hand support between two locations
3.4
handhold
means of providing support by a single hand placement
3.5
foothold
means of providing support for one or two feet for vertical access
3.6
manhole
access opening to allow the passage of persons, and which could have a cover fitted
3.7
hatch
access opening to allow the passage of persons, provided with a cover openable without use of tools
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 of this clause contains all the significant hazards as listed in CEN Guide 414, hazardous
situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as
significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
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Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Hazard Relevant clause(s) in this
European Standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Inadequacy of mechanical strength of the crane and its 5.13
parts
1.5 Crushing hazard 5.3, 5.12
1.6 Shearing hazard 5.3
1.7 Cutting or severing hazard 5.3, 5.6.1, 5.10
1.8 Entanglement hazard 5.6.1, 5.10
1.9 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.6.1, 5.10
1.13 Slipping, tripping and falling 5
7 Material/substance hazards
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.3.3
8 Ergonomic hazards
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.1, 5.3, 5.6.1, 5.9, 5.12
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.11
anatomy
8.4 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.2, 5.4, 5.6.1, 7
9 Hazards associated with the environment in which
the machine is used
9.1 Snow, water, wind, temperature 5.3.3
11 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly
positioned safety related measures/ means
11.1 Guards 5
11.3 Safety signs, signals, symbols 7
13 Hazards linked to work position (including driving
station) on the machine
13.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work 5
position
17 Mechanical hazards and events, supplementary
17.1 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.3, 5.10
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5 Safety requirements and protective measures
5.1 Selection of means of access
Means of access shall conform to the safety requirements and protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the equipment shall be designed in accordance with the principles of EN ISO 12100 for
hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
Manufacturers shall take into consideration the following, when determining the means of access to be
provided:
— frequency of use;
— equipment and tools to be carried;
— vertical distance to cover;
— nature of use, e.g. regular operator access, maintenance, inspection.
Provision of access should be in the preferential order: stair, rung ladder, stepped ladder. Furthermore,
fixed means (e.g. hoop guard, side protection) shall be preferred to personnel protective equipment.
The type of the means of the access depending on its steepness shall be selected in accordance with the
Figure 1.
Key
1 rung ladder
2 stepped ladder
3 range to be avoided
4 stair
5 inclined walkway
6 walkway
7 not permitted zone
D access direction when going upwards
Figure 1 — Ranges of angles for different means of access in their working position
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For structural requirements of means of access, the term “ladder” is used to refer both to rung ladders
and stepped ladders.
Where the height that the crane driver has to climb from the point of access on the crane to the control
station is more than 25 m, a powered access system should be provided. For lifts in cranes, see
EN 81-43. Where a powered access system is provided, the crane shall be designed to receive it and an
additional access way of Type 1 shall also be provided.
5.2 Classification of access
Type 1 access shall be used in the following cases:
— the main access way of the crane driver to the control station and to starting equipment;
— the access way to maintenance locations, with a maintenance or inspection period shorter than one
month.
Type 2 access may be used, instead of Type 1 access, in the following cases:
— the access way to maintenance locations, with a maintenance or inspection period one month or
longer;
— emergency access;
— access for erection and dismantling.
Other means of access, than those in the scope of this standard, may be utilized, e.g. for inspection
locations with an inspection interval longer than one year, for emergency access or for access for
erection and dismantling. Access in such cases may be designed to rely on use of personal
protective devices against falls from a height (see EN 363 and EN 795) or use of mobile elevating
work platforms.
5.3 General design principles
5.3.1 When ascending or descending provisions shall be made to provide simultaneous three-point
support; two hand holds and one foot hold or two feet holds and one hand hold.
5.3.2 Where a lateral body move is necessary from a rung of a ladder to another support surface, the
distance between the step or rung and the nearest edge of the support surface shall be within a
spherical radius of 300 mm or shorter, see Figure 2.
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Key
R spherical radius
S support surface
Figure 2 — Distance between a step or rung and the nearest edge of any support surface
5.3.3 Means of access, walking and standing areas shall:
— have their working position(s) designated; (for example platform on articulated boom needs
defined position of the boom for the access);
— take into account the number of the persons, and the presence of objects such as tools and spare
parts;
— be constructed of materials specified as being incombustible and with slip resistant surfaces, which
do not retain liquid. See Annex B.
The steps between adjacent floor sections shall not exceed
— 4 mm in height for Type 1 access;
— 8 mm in height for Type 2 access.
The gaps between adjacent floor sections shall be less than 20 mm.
Every control station shall have at least one exit onto a fixed means of access. An alternative means of
egress shall be provided, where a fixed means of access cannot be reached from all working positions of
the control station or of the crane.
5.3.4 Any aperture in the floor of a gangway, inclined walkway, landing or platform situated above an
area, where persons could be present, shall have slots or interstices which:
— do not allow a sphere of 20 mm to pass through;
— have a maximum width of 12 mm when the length is equal or greater than 200 mm.
5.3.5 Hand supports shall have smooth surfaces. Edges shall have radii (minimum 2 mm) or be
chamfered (minimum 2 × 2 mm).
Obstacles to retain the hands or feet, shall be provided at the ends of handholds and footholds.
5.3.6 Where access is foreseen with portable ladders, permanent means shall be provided to prevent
the top of the ladder from moving.
Portable ladders shall meet the requirements of this standard for ladders.
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5.3.7 Where means of access is provided between moving parts of the crane, the trapping, crushing,
falling hazards shall be addressed in the following preferable order: Interlocking, locking,
information/marking.
5.4 Stairs and stepped ladders
Type 1 stairs shall be provided with a handrail and an intermediate guard-rail on both sides. Where the
distance between a stair and a continuous surface is less than 200 mm, it is permissible to omit
intermediate guard-rails. For details of handrails and side protections see 5.10.
Where Type 2 stairs are not fitted with a handrail, provision shall be made for the use of personal
protective equipment against falls from a height as defined in EN 363.
Stepped ladders shall be provided with handrails or handholds on both sides.
Steps shall be regularly spaced within a single section of stairs or stepped ladders. The distance from
the floor to the first step should be the same as the rise of the stair or ladder; but may vary to
accommodate movement between the floor and the step or for the fitting of standardized components.
Stairs and stepped ladders shall have the dimensions in accordance with Figure 3, Table 2 and Table 3.
Figure 3 — Dimensional parameters for stairs and stepped ladders
Table 2 — Dimensions for stairs
Dimensions in mm
Symbols in accordance with Figure 3 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
Clear width b 450 - 320 -
a
Rise h 180 250 180 250
a
Going g 150 270 150 270
b
Tread depth p 200 - 200 -
Height between the floor and - -
500 500
the first step
a
The following formula shall be applied for stairs: 600 mm ≤ 2 × rise + going ≤ 660 mm.
b
Tread depth (p) shall not be less than the going (g).
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Table 3 — Dimensions for stepped ladders
Dimensions in mm
Type 1 access Type 2 access
Symbols in accordance with Figure 3
min. max. min. max.
Clear width b 450 - 320 -
Rise h 230 300 230 300
Going g 80 - 80 -
Tread depth p 80 - 80 -
Height between the floor - 500 - 500
and the first step
5.5 Spiral stairs
The general requirements regarding, e.g. steps, handrails and rest platforms apply also for spiral stairs,
where relevant and where not in conflict with the requirements given in this clause.
Spirals stairs as specified here are applicable in Type 1 and Type 2 access ways.
Spiral stairs shall fulfil the following special requirements:
— the clear width of the access way (R ) shall be 660 mm or wider;
2
— the clear head room of the access way shall be 2 000 mm or higher;
— the rise height of steps (h) shall be not more than 240 mm;
— the depth of a step (p) shall be 190 mm or more, measured at 300 mm (R ) from the narrower edge;
1
— the going of a step (g) shall be 140 mm or more but not greater than the depth of a step (p),
measured at 300 mm (R ) from the narrower edge;
1
— the size of steps shall be the same through a single spiral stair section, between the lower and upper
walkway or platform.
For illustration of the used symbols, see Figure 4.
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Figure 4 — Dimensional parameters for spiral stairs
5.6 Rung ladders - footholds
5.6.1 Rung ladders
The following requirements apply to rung ladders or rungs fixed to a surface.
Rungs shall be regularly spaced within a single section of ladders, with the exception of the first rung
which may vary to accommodate for movement between the floor and the rung or for the fitting of
standardized component.
Handholds (see 5.11) shall be provided to facilitate access to or from the ladder.
Where a vertical ladder provides an access upwards to a walkway, platform or rest platform, handholds
need not be provided, if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
a) two handrails (see 5.10) are provided, with opening (u) for the access in accordance with 5.11;
b) the ladder uprights are extended to at least 1,1 m height from the floor of the walkway, platform or
rest platform;
c) one handrail and one ladder upright are provided to at least 1,1 m height from the floor of the
walkway, platform or rest platform.
Type 1 ladders, which present a risk of falling greater than 3 m, shall be equipped with a hoop guard.
For Type 2 ladders, the hoop guard may be replaced by facilities for use with personal protective
equipment against falls from a height as defined in EN 363.
Type 1 ladders shall have rest platforms at least every 6 m.
Flights of ladders shall be positioned or other means provided, to prevent persons falling more than
6 m.
The cross-section of a rung shall be circular or have rounded corners.
Rungs and rung ladder dimensions shall be in accordance with Figures 5 and 6 and Table 4.
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Figure 5 — Dimensional parameters for rung ladder
Figure 6 — Free space around a ladder
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Table 4 — Dimensions for rungs and rung ladders
Dimensions in mm
Symbols in accordance with Figures 5 and 6 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
Rung pitch i 230 300 230 300
Height between the floor and the first - 500 - 500
rung
a
Rung size k 16 43 16 43
Obstacle height at rung end s 20 - 20 -
b b
Clear width m 300 - 300 -
Gap between stiles if they are g ≤ 10 or g ≤ 10 or
g
discontinuous
50 ≤ g ≤ 200 50 ≤ g ≤ 200
c
Clear depth for foot d 150 - 150 -
Clear width at the back side w 600 750 500 750
Clear depth at the back side e 600 750 600 750
a
Diameter for circular cross-section or diameter of inscribed circle for regular shape section with more than
three corners or width of upper flat surface for other profiles.
b
For placing only one foot, see Figure 5.
c
Distance may be reduced to 100 mm at discontinuous obstacles.
5.6.2 Footholds
Depending on the shape of the footholds, their dimensions are similar to the rungs of the ladders or as
given for special footholds in Table 5 and in Figure 7.
Handholds (see 5.11) shall be provided to facilitate access to and from the foothold.
Footholds shall be regularly spaced. The distance between the floor and the first foothold shall be the
same as the rise, with the exception of the first foothold which may vary to accommodate for movement
between the floor and the rung or for the fitting of standardized component.
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Key
1 handhold
Figure 7 — Dimensions for special footholds
Table 5— Dimensions for special footholds
Dimensions in mm
Symbols in accordance with Figure 7 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
a a
Clear width m 300 - 300 -
b
Clear depth d 150 - 150 -
Clear height at the back h 100 - 100 -
1
Clear opening in the front h 150 - 150 -
2
Clearance between handholds for the
u 450 - 450 -
body to pass through
Distance between handhold and the
z 0 200 0 200
front of the foothold
a
For placing only one foot, see Figure 5.
b
Distance may be reduced to 100 mm at discontinuous obstacles.
5.7 Hoop guards
5.7.1 General
Side and back protection is required for ladders and stepped ladders, where there is a risk of falling
more than 3 m. The protection can be achieved by a hoop-guard built specifically for this purpose, or by
continuous structural surfaces providing an equivalent protection. Side and back protection and equally
the free space around a ladder shall meet the requirements given for the dimensions d, w and e in
Table 4 and illustrated in Figure 6.
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Hoop-guard structure shall meet the dimensional requirements in accordance with Table 6. The hoops
shall be connected by three or five longitudinal bars spaced equally around the hoop. In all cases, one
bar shall be located in a position diametrically opposite to the centre line of the ladder.
Where, at a junction of the down end of a ladder and a platform/walkway, the platform width w is 1 m
1
or less or the sideways distance w is 0,7 m or less, the gap between the lowest hoop and the handrail
2
shall be protected to prevent a person from falling through. This can be achieved by connecting the
hoop to the handrail with an additional protection, see Figure 8.
Key
1 additional protection to close a gap
Figure 8 — Example of additional protection
5.7.2 Movable hoop-guards
Movable hoop-guards may be used in conjunction with movable cabin or platform.
Movable hoop-guard for rung ladders shall
— have their movement guided along the access ladder;
— for all operating position be designed so that the hoops remain perpendicular to the ladder;
— be fitted with at least five flexible straps.
Each flexible strap shall
— have a minimum strength of 25 kN;
— exhibit an elastic extension not exceeding 10 % of the length when a force of 10 kN is applied.
Hoop-guard dimensions shall be in accordance with Table 6.
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Table 6— Dimensions for hoop-guards
Dimensions in mm
Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
Vertical distance between the floor 2 000 2 500
and the first hoop
The same dimensions as
Hoop pitch - 900
for Type 1 access apply.
— with 3 vertical bars - 1 500
— with 5 vertical bars
Movable hoop guard only 600 800
— inside diameter of the hoop - 800
— hoop pitch
5.8 Walkways, inclined walkways, platforms
Each side of walkways, inclined walkways, rest platforms and platforms from which there is a risk of
falling greater than 500 mm shall be equipped with side protection (see 5.10).
Where a horizontal walkway is provided alongside a continuous surface, a handrail is not required
between the continuous surface and the walkway, provided that (b + c) ≥ 1 250 mm and b ≥ 700 mm,
see Figure 9. Surface structures with holes smaller than 50 mm by 50 mm may be taken as continuous.
Key
1 continuous surfaces
2 side protection
3 walkway
Figure 9 — Walkway along a continuous surface
The dimensions of walkways, inclined walkways and platforms shall be in accordance with Table 7. See
also Figure 10.
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Table 7 — Dimensions for walkways, inclined walkways, platforms, rest platforms
Dimensions in mm
Symbols in accordance with Figure 10 Type 1 access Type 2 access
min. max. min. max.
a
Width of walkways and inclined walkways w 450 - 450 -
1
Width of walkways and inclined walkways w - - 230 -
2
Width of the shorter side of a platform 600 - 400 -
Width of the shorter side of a rest platform 400 - 400
b c
Free height above the floor of walkways and h , h 2 000 - 1 400 -
1 2
inclined walkways
b c
Free height ab
...
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