SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
(Amendment)Helmets for airborne sports
Helmets for airborne sports
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for protective helmets used in paragliding, hang gliding and flying with ultra-light aeroplanes.
Helmets for airborne sports are indicated in this European Standard as follows:
- category HPG: Helmets for paragliding and hang gliding;
- category UL: Helmets for flying with ultra-light aeroplanes.
Requirements and the corresponding methods of test, where appropriate, are given for the following:
- construction including chin strap, fastening devices, field of vision, head mobility and eye protection;
- penetration resistance;
- shock-absorbing properties;
- retention system properties;
- marking and information for users.
NOTE The requirements cover both categories. Special requirements are contained in the relevant clauses.
This European Standard does not apply to other kinds of head protection used in airborne sports.
Luftsporthelme
Casques de sports aériens
La présente Norme européenne énonce les exigences et méthodes d'essai relatives aux casques de protection utilisés en parapente, en deltaplane et dans les planeurs ultralégers motorisés.
Dans la présente Norme européenne, les casques pour sports aériens sont désignés comme suit :
- catégorie HPG : casques pour parapente et deltaplane ;
- catégorie UL : casques pour planeurs ultralégers motorisés.
Le cas échéant, les exigences et les méthodes d'essai correspondantes, couvrent les aspects suivants :
- construction, y compris la jugulaire, les dispositifs de serrage, le champ visuel, la mobilité de la tête et la protection oculaire ;
- résistance à la pénétration ;
- propriétés en matière d'absorption des chocs ;
- propriétés du système de rétention ;
- marquage et informations destinées aux utilisateurs.
NOTE Les exigences concernent les deux catégories. Des exigences particulières sont incluses dans les articles appropriés.
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux autres types de protection de la tête utilisés dans la pratique des sports aériens.
Čelade za športne aktivnosti v zraku
Ta evropski standard določa zahteve in preskusne metode za varovalne čelade, ki se uporabljajo v jadralnem padalstvu, zmajarstvu in letenju z ultra lahkimi letali. Čelade za športne aktivnosti v zraku so v tem evropskem standardu označene na naslednji način: – kategorija HPG: čelade za jadralno padalstvo in zmajarstvo; – kategorija UL: čelade za letenje z ultra lahkimi letali. Podane so zahteve in, kjer je to potrebno, ustrezne preskusne metode za naslednja področja: – sestava, skupaj s pasom za brado, napravami za pripenjanje, vidnim poljem, mobilnostjo glave in zaščito oči; – odpornost na penetracijo; – lastnosti absorpcije udarcev; – lastnosti zadrževalnega sistema; – označevanje in podatki za uporabnike.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
01-december-2012
ýHODGH]DãSRUWQHDNWLYQRVWLY]UDNX
Helmets for airborne sports
Luftsporthelme
Casques de sports aériens
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 966:2012+A1:2012
ICS:
13.340.20 Varovalna oprema za glavo Head protective equipment
97.220.40 Oprema za športe na Outdoor and water sports
prostem in vodne športe equipment
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 966:2012+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2012
ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 966:2012
English Version
Helmets for airborne sports
Casques de sports aériens Luftsporthelme
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 December 2011 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 19 July 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 966:2012+A1:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Materials . 8
5 Construction . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Retention system . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 Chin straps . 9
5.2.3 Fastening devices . 9
5.3 Finish . 9
5.4 Field of vision . 9
5.5 Head mobility . 9
5.6 Eye protection . 10
6 Performance requirements . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Impact absorbing capacity within the test area . 10
6.2.1 Shock absorbing capacity. 10
6.2.2 Resistance to penetration . 10
6.3 Retention system performance . 10
6.3.1 Retention system strength . 10
6.3.2 Retention system effectiveness . 10
6.3.3 Release of the retention system . 11
6.3.4 Assemblies . 11
7 Tests . 11
7.1 Sequence and number of samples to be tested . 11
7.2 Determination of impact absorbing capacity . 11
7.2.1 Test area . 11
7.2.2 Conditioning . 12
7.2.3 Shock absorption test . 12
7.2.4 Penetration resistance test . 13
7.3 Retention system testing . 15
7.3.1 Determination of retention system strength . 15
7.3.2 Determination of retention system effectiveness . 16
7.4 Determination of field of vision . 16
7.5 Test report . 16
8 Marking . 17
9 Information for users . 17
Annex A (normative) Positioning of the helmet on the headform . 22
Annex B (normative) Test area. 23
Annex C (normative) Field of vision . 25
Annex D (informative) Alternative procedure for artificial ageing . 28
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
Annex E (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and
EN 966:1996 . 29
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC Personal Protective Equipment . 30
Bibliography . 31
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 966:2012+A1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 158
“Head protection”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2013, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by April 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 19 July 2012.
This document supersedes !EN 966:2012".
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Annex E provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the
previous edition.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
Introduction
The protection given by a helmet depends on the circumstances of the accident and wearing a helmet
cannot always prevent death or long term disability.
A proportion of the energy of an impact is absorbed by the helmet, thereby reducing the force of the
blow sustained by the head. The structure of the helmet may be damaged in absorbing this energy
and any helmet that sustains a severe blow needs to be replaced even if damage is not apparent.
To achieve the performance of which it is capable, and to ensure stability on the head, a helmet
should be as closely fitting as possible consistent with comfort. In use, it is essential that the helmet is
securely fastened, with any chin strap under tension at all times.
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for protective helmets used in
paragliding, hang gliding and flying with ultra-light aeroplanes.
Helmets for airborne sports are indicated in this European Standard as follows:
category HPG: Helmets for paragliding and hang gliding;
category UL: Helmets for flying with ultra-light aeroplanes.
Requirements and the corresponding methods of test, where appropriate, are given for the following:
construction including chin strap, fastening devices, field of vision, head mobility and eye
protection;
penetration resistance;
shock-absorbing properties;
retention system properties;
marking and information for users.
NOTE The requirements cover both categories. Special requirements are contained in the relevant clauses.
This European Standard does not apply to other kinds of head protection used in airborne sports.
2 Normative references
!The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies."
EN 960:2006, Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
protective helmet
helmet primarily intended to protect the wearer’s head against impact; some helmets can provide
additional protection
3.2
shell
material that provides the general outer form of the helmet
3.3
helmet type
category of helmets which does not differ in such essential respects as:
6
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
the trade name or mark;
the materials or dimensions of the shell, of the retention system or of the protective padding.
However, a helmet type may include a range of helmet sizes, provided that the thickness of the
protective padding in each size in the range is at least equal to that in the helmet which when
subjected to the tests satisfies the requirements of this European Standard.
3.4
padding
3.4.1
protective padding
material used to absorb impact energy
3.4.2
comfort padding
liner material provided for the wearer’s comfort
3.4.3
sizing padding
liner material used for adjustment of the fit of the helmet to the wearer’s head
3.5
retention system
complete assembly by means of which the helmet is maintained in position on the head, including any
devices for adjustment of the system or to enhance the wearer’s comfort
3.6
chin strap
part of the retention system consisting of a strap that passes under the wearer’s jaw to keep the
helmet in position
3.7
headform
for definition, see EN 960:2006
3.8
basic plane of the human head
plane at the level of the external ear opening (external auditory meatus) and the lower edge of the eye
sockets (orbits)
3.9
basic plane of a headform
plane relative to the headform that represents the basic plane of the human head
3.10
reference plane
construction plane parallel to the basic plane of the headform at a distance from it which is a function
of the size of the headform
3.11
test area
area of the headform in which impact tests may be conducted which represents the minimum
protected area of the human head
7
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
3.12
chin cup
accessory or part of the chin strap designed to fit on the point of the wearer’s chin (menton) to locate
the strap
3.13
visor
transparent protective screen extending over both eyes and covering part of the face
3.14
goggles
transparent protectors that enclose the eyes
4 Materials
For those parts of the helmet coming into contact with the skin no material shall be used which is
known to undergo appreciable alteration from contact with sweat or substances likely to be found in
toiletries. Materials shall not be used which are known to cause skin disorders, including injuries from
contact with cold surfaces which are related to the thermal conductivity of the material.
5 Construction
5.1 General
The helmet normally consists of a shell, either containing or providing the necessary means of
absorbing impact energy, and either fitted with or providing means for retaining the helmet on the
head in an accident.
The helmet shall be so designed and constructed as to be capable of withstanding normal handling
and use within the limits of the instruction accompanying it.
The helmet shall be so designed that none of its parts nor any accessories fitted to or incorporated in
it are likely to injure the user during normal use.
If the helmet is designed to form an integral assembly together with a headset, a visor or other
devices to be attached, so that any use without these attachments is not intended, all requirements
specified in Clause 5 shall apply for the complete assembly. A clear marking shall be placed on the
product indicating that the helmet shall only be used in combination with the attachment(s). The
information for users shall provide detailed instructions regarding the attachment of devices to be
used in combination with the helmet.
The construction of helmets of category HPG shall be so designed as to minimize the risk that the
lines, risers or other straps of the paraglider might become entangled by the helmet including any of
its parts or accessories.
NOTE Helmets should:
− have low weight;
− be easy to put on and take off;
− be usable together with spectacles;
− not significantly interfere with the ability of the user to receive acoustic ambient information (not relevant for
helmets category UL, which should be protected against noise and should enable radio communication).
8
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
5.2 Retention system
5.2.1 General
Means shall be provided for retaining the helmet on the wearer’s head. All parts of the retention
system shall be securely attached to the system or to the helmet.
5.2.2 Chin straps
Any chin strap shall be not less than 15 mm wide.
Chin straps may be fitted with means of enhancing comfort for the wearer.
If the chin strap includes a chin cup all the tests shall be performed with the chin cup.
5.2.3 Fastening devices
Any chin strap shall be fitted with a device to adjust and maintain tension in the strap. The device
should be capable of adjustment so it does not come on the jaw bone.
5.3 Finish
All edges shall be smooth and rounded. There shall be no rigid projections on the inside of the helmet.
Any external projection shall not exceed 5 mm and shall be smoothly faired to the adjacent surface.
Projections of category UL helmets needed for microphone boom assemblies, multiple visor systems
and ear cup tensioning devices may be higher than 5 mm if their contour is smooth and rounded with
no edges curved with a radius which is less than half of the height of the projection.
5.4 Field of vision
When tested in accordance with 7.4 there shall be no occultation in the field of vision bounded by (see
Annex C, Figure C.1, Figure C.2 and Figure C.3):
horizontally: two segments of dihedral angles symmetrical in relation to the median longitudinal
vertical plane of the headform and situated between the reference and the basic planes. Each of
these dihedral angles is defined by the longitudinal vertical median plane of the headform and the
vertical plane forming an angle of not less than 105° with the median longitudinal vertical plane
and whose edge is the straight line L-K;
upwards: a dihedral angle defined by the reference plane of the headform and a plane forming an
angle of not less than 25° in the case of helmets category HPG, and 7° in the case of helmets
category UL, with the reference plane, and whose edge is straight line L1-L2, the points L1
and L2 representing the eyes;
downwards: a dihedral angle defined by the basic plane of the headform and a plane forming an
angle of not less than 45° with the basic plane and whose edge is the straight line K1-K2.
5.5 Head mobility
When the helmet is mounted on the appropriate headform as described in Annex A, then the rigid
parts of the rear and, in particular, the shell shall not be within a horizontal cylinder as illustrated in
Annex B, Figure B.1, and defined as follows:
diameter 100 mm;
9
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
axis, situated at the intersection of the median plane of symmetry of the headform and of a plane
parallel to and 110 mm below the reference plane.
5.6 Eye protection
The helmet shall be so designed and constructed that:
helmets category HPG can be used together with goggles;
helmets category UL can be used together with goggles, except when the helmet is equipped
with a visor.
6 Performance requirements
6.1 General
After the performance of one of the prescribed tests, the helmet shall not exhibit any breakage or
deformation dangerous to the wearer.
6.2 Impact absorbing capacity within the test area
The helmet shall give protection to the user’s forehead, back of the head, temples and crown of the
head, when tested in accordance with 7.2.
6.2.1 Shock absorbing capacity
When tested in accordance with 7.2.3 the peak acceleration shall not, for each impact, exceed 250 g
for the equivalent velocity to a drop height of 1 500 mm after conditioning in accordance with any of
the procedures described in 7.2.2.
6.2.2 Resistance to penetration
When tested in accordance with 7.2.4, the head of the punch shall not come closer than 5 mm,
measured vertically, to the headform, after conditioning in accordance with any of the procedures
described in 7.2.2.
6.3 Retention system performance
6.3.1 Retention system strength
When tested by the method described in 7.3.1, the dynamic extension shall not exceed 35 mm and
the residual extension shall not exceed 25 mm. For this purpose, extension includes slippage of the
fastening device. Following the test the retention system shall still permit the helmet to be released
from the headform by normal operation of the release system.
Damage to the retention system shall be accepted provided that the above requirements are met.
NOTE In this test, slippage of the fastening device may be measured and recorded separately from other
contributions to the extension, but this is for information only and is not a requirement.
6.3.2 Retention system effectiveness
When tested by the procedure described in 7.3.2 the helmet, selected to be of appropriate size, shall
not come off the headform.
10
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
After the test, the angle between the reference line situated on the crown of the helmet and the
reference plane of the headform shall not exceed 30°.
6.3.3 Release of the retention system
The retention system shall open with one hand when it is loaded with a load of 50 kg. The force for
opening shall not exceed 30 N.
NOTE It is recommended that the opening mechanism be marked with red or orange colour.
6.3.4 Assemblies
If helmets are designed to form an integral assembly with a headset, all requirements of Clause 6
shall be performed by the completed assembly. In this case, the information for users (see Clause 9)
shall explain in detail, that the helmet shall only be used if the assembly is properly completed.
NOTE It is recommended that the opening mechanism be marked with red or orange colour.
7 Tests
7.1 Sequence and number of samples to be tested
Total number submitted per helmet type: 11
Number of samples required per performance requirement are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Sequence and number of samples
Performance test Sequence Number of
of test samples
tested
Retention system 1st 2
effectiveness
Shock absorption test 2nd 10
Resistance to penetration 3rd 1
Retention system strength 4th 4
7.2 Determination of impact absorbing capacity
7.2.1 Test area
The test area is defined by the area above the line AA-C-F (see Annex B, Figure B.1), when the
helmet is positioned as described in Annex A. The points AA, C and F are projected horizontally on to
the outer face of the helmet to give the test area, which is sub-divided into five zones: the front, the
two sides, the crown and the rear.
The crown zone shall be that part of the headform and helmet above a horizontal plane through a
point on the central vertical axis 10 mm below the top of the headform. The other 4 zones cover the
rest of the test area as follows:
the front zone is defined as that subtended by an angle of 60° placed symmetrically about the
plane of symmetry of the headform and measured from the central vertical axis;
11
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
the rear zone is defined as that subtended by an angle of 90° placed symmetrically about the
plane of symmetry of the headform and measured from the central vertical axis;
two side zones shall consist of the remaining two sections down to within 20 mm of the AA-C-F
plane.
7.2.2 Conditioning
7.2.2.1 High temperature conditioning
The helmet shall be exposed to a temperature of (+ 50 ± 2) °C for not less than 4 h and not more
than 6 h.
7.2.2.2 Low temperature conditioning
The helmets shall be exposed to a temperature of (- 20 ± 2) °C for not less than 4 h and not more
than 6 h.
7.2.2.3 Ultraviolet-radiation conditioning and moisture conditioning
The outer surface of the helmet for airborne sports shall be exposed successively to:
ultraviolet irradiation by a 125 W xenon-filled quartz lamp for 48 h at a range of 250 mm;
spraying for 4 h to 6 h with water at ambient temperature at the rate of 1 l/min.
NOTE A method for artificial ageing is described in Annex D. This method may be used as an alternative to
the conditioning in 7.2.2.3.
7.2.3 Shock absorption test
7.2.3.1 Apparatus
7.2.3.1.1 Description
The test apparatus shall comprise:
an anvil rigidly fixed to a base;
a free fall guidance system;
a mobile system supporting the helmeted headform;
a metal headform fitted with a tri-directional accelerometer and a measuring assembly;
a system by which the point of impact can be brought into correspondence with the centre of the
anvil.
A suitable apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
7.2.3.1.2 Base
The base shall be monolithic and made of steel or concrete or a combination of these materials and
have a mass of at least 500 kg.
12
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
7.2.3.1.3 Anvils
A flat steel anvil having a circular impact face of (130 ± 3) mm diameter.
A kerbstone anvil (anvil simulating a kerbstone), steel anvil having two faces making an angle of 105°,
each inclined at approximately 52,5° to the vertical and meeting along a striking edge with a radius of
(15 ± 0,5) mm. The height shall be not less than 50 mm and the length not less than 125 mm.
No part of the base or anvil shall have a resonance frequency liable to affect the measurements.
7.2.3.1.4 Mobile system and guides
The mobile system supporting the headform shall be such that its characteristics do not affect the
measurement of acceleration at the centre of gravity of the headform. It shall also be such that any
point in the area AA-C-F can be positioned vertically above the centre of the anvil.
The guides shall be such that the impact velocity is not less than 95 % of the theoretical velocity.
7.2.3.1.5 Accelerometer and measuring assembly
The tridirectional accelerometer shall be capable of measuring and recording accelerations up
to 2 000 g. Its maximum mass shall be 50 g.
The measuring system, including the drop assembly, shall have a frequency response in accordance
with channel frequency class (CFC) 1 000 of ISO 6487.
The measuring system shall include equipment to record the velocity of the headform.
7.2.3.1.6 Headforms
The headforms to be used shall comply with EN 960:2006.
7.2.3.2 Procedure
The testing shall be carried out according to Table 2.
The helmet shall be impacted in zones that shall be selected by the testing laboratory to represent the
“worst case” conditions and the kerbstone anvil shall be used without any restrictions on its
orientation.
Each helmet of each size (see Table 2) shall be impacted in two different zones and each zone shall
be impacted once with each anvil.
The impact sites on the same sample shall be separated by a distance of minimum 150 mm.
The velocity of the headform shall be equivalent to a drop height of (1 500 ± 10) mm.
The velocity of the headform shall be measured at a distance not exceeding 60 mm prior to impact,
accurate to ± 1 %.
7.2.4 Penetration resistance test
7.2.4.1 Apparatus
7.2.4.1.1 Description
The test apparatus shall comprise:
13
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST EN 966:2012+A1:2012
EN 966:2012+A1:2012 (E)
a test headform rigidly fixed to a base;
a metal punch and drop hammer;
an inertia-free measuring device.
7.2.4.1.2 Base
The base shall be monolithic and made of steel or concrete or a combination of these materials and
have a mass
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.