SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
(Main)Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 4: Test methods for durability (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 4: Test methods for durability (ISO 12543-4:2021)
This document specifies test methods relating to resistance to high temperature, humidity and
radiation for laminated glass and laminated safety glass for use in building.
Glas im Bauwesen - Verbundglas und Verbund-Sicherheitsglas - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Prüfung der Beständigkeit (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Dieses Dokument legt Prüfverfahren in Bezug auf die Beständigkeit gegen hohe Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Strahlung für Verbundglas und Verbund-Sicherheitsglas für die Verwendung im Bauwesen fest.
Verre dans la construction - Verre feuilleté et verre feuilleté de sécurité - Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai concernant la durabilité (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Ce document spécifie les méthodes d'essai relatives à la résistance aux températures élevées, à l'humidité et aux radiations pour le verre feuilleté et le verre feuilleté de sécurité destinés à être utilisés dans la construction.
Steklo v gradbeništvu - Lepljeno steklo in lepljeno varnostno steklo - 4. del: Metode preskušanja trajnosti (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Ta dokument določa preskusne metode v zvezi z odpornostjo na visoko temperaturo, vlago in sevanje za lepljeno steklo ter lepljeno varnostno steklo, ki se uporabljata v gradbeništvu.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
01-junij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2012
Steklo v gradbeništvu - Lepljeno steklo in lepljeno varnostno steklo - 4. del:
Metode preskušanja trajnosti (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 4: Test methods for
durability (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Glas im Bauwesen - Verbundglas und Verbund-Sicherheitsglas - Teil 4: Verfahren zur
Prüfung der Beständigkeit (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Verre dans la construction - Verre feuilleté et verre feuilleté de sécurité - Partie 4:
Méthodes d'essai concernant la durabilité (ISO 12543-4:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12543-4:2021
ICS:
81.040.20 Steklo v gradbeništvu Glass in building
SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
EN ISO 12543-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.040.20 Supersedes EN ISO 12543-4:2011
English Version
Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety
glass - Part 4: Test methods for durability (ISO 12543-
4:2021)
Verre dans la construction - Verre feuilleté et verre Glas im Bauwesen - Verbundglas und Verbund-
feuilleté de sécurité - Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai Sicherheitsglas - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Prüfung der
concernant la durabilité (ISO 12543-4:2021) Beständigkeit (ISO 12543-4:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12543-4:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
EN ISO 12543-4:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
EN ISO 12543-4:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12543-4:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160 "Glass
in building" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 129 “Glass in building” the secretariat
of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12543-4:2011.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12543-4:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12543-4:2021 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12543-4
Third edition
2021-12
Glass in building — Laminated glass
and laminated safety glass —
Part 4:
Test methods for durability
Verre dans la construction — Verre feuilleté et verre feuilleté de
sécurité —
Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai concernant la durabilité
Reference number
ISO 12543-4:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
ISO 12543-4:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
ISO 12543-4:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test specimens . 1
5 High-temperature test .2
5.1 Principle . 2
5.2 Size and number of test specimens . 2
5.3 Procedures . 2
5.3.1 General . 2
5.3.2 Procedure A (short high temperature test) . 2
5.3.3 Procedure B (long high temperature test) . 2
5.4 Expression of results . . 2
5.5 Test report . 3
6 Humidity test . 3
6.1 Principle . 3
6.2 Size and number of test specimens . 3
6.3 Procedures . 3
6.3.1 Test with condensation . 3
6.3.2 Test without condensation . 4
6.4 Expression of results . . 4
6.5 Test Report . 4
7 Radiation tests .4
7.1 Principle . 4
7.2 Size and number of test specimens . 5
7.3 Simulated solar radiation methods . 5
7.3.1 Method A: Radiation wall . 5
7.3.2 Method B: Mercury vapour arc lamp . 6
7.3.3 Method C: Xenon arc source . 6
7.4 Procedure . 7
7.5 Expression of results . 7
7.5.1 Laminated glass and laminated safety glass . 7
7.5.2 Fire-resistant laminated glass and fire-resistant laminated safety glass . 7
7.6 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Retesting guidelines for durability testing of laminated glass and
laminated safety glass . 9
Annex B (informative) Possible arrangement of the test apparatus for the radiation test
described in 7.3.1 .10
Bibliography .12
iii
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
ISO 12543-4:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC
1, Product considerations, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 129, Glass in building, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12543-4:2011), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— editorial changes have been made;
— the clause on radiation tests has been revised and a new type of lamp has been added;
— the expression of the results of the radiation tests has been modified.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12543 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12543-4:2021(E)
Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated safety
glass —
Part 4:
Test methods for durability
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods relating to resistance to high temperature, humidity and
radiation for laminated glass and laminated safety glass for use in building.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4892-2, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 9050, Glass in building — Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar
energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors
ISO 12543-1, Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated safety glass — Part 1: Definitions and
description of component parts
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12543-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Test specimens
Test specimens should be representative of standard production. Test specimens shall either be
specially manufactured to the test size or be cut from larger panes. Test specimens with cut edges shall
contain at least one edge from the original pane from which it was cut.
The original edge should be marked.
If the final product as produced by the fabricator has all its edges sealed or protected, the test specimen
shall also have all its edges sealed or protected.
The method of supporting the test specimen shall not cover two edges of the test specimen. If the test
specimen is cut from a larger pane, at least one original edge shall not be covered.
Retesting guidelines for durability testing of laminated glass and laminated safety glass given in
Annex A shall be considered.
1
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 12543-4:2022
ISO 12543-4:2021(E)
5 High-temperature test
5.1 Principle
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the laminated glass and laminated safety glass are able
to withstand exposure to high temperatures over an extended period of time without their properties
becoming substantially altered. The changes in properties are judge
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
01-april-2020
Steklo v gradbeništvu - Lepljeno steklo in lepljeno varnostno steklo - 4. del:
Metode preskušanja trajnosti (ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020)
Glass in building - Laminated glass and laminated safety glass - Part 4: Test methods for
durability (ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020)
Glas im Bauwesen - Verbundglas und Verbund-Sicherheitsglas - Teil 4: Verfahren zur
Prüfung der Beständigkeit (ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020)
Verre dans la construction - Verre feuilleté et verre feuilleté de sécurité - Partie 4:
Méthodes d'essai concernant la durabilité (ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 12543-4
ICS:
81.040.20 Steklo v gradbeništvu Glass in building
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 12543-4
ISO/TC 160/SC 1 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-01-20 2020-04-13
Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass —
Part 4:
Test methods for durability
Verre dans la construction — Verre feuilleté et verre feuilleté de sécurité —
Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai concernant la durabilité
ICS: 81.040.20
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test specimens. 1
5 High-temperature test . 2
5.1 Principle . 2
5.2 Size and number of test specimens . 2
5.3 Procedures . 2
5.3.1 General. 2
5.3.2 Other characteristics of glass . 2
5.3.3 Procedure B (long high temperature test). 2
5.4 Expression of results . 3
5.5 Test report . 3
6 Humidity Test . 3
6.1 Principle . 3
6.2 Size and number of test specimens . 3
6.3 Procedures . 4
6.3.1 Test with condensation . 4
6.3.2 Test without condensation . 4
6.4 Expression of results . 4
6.5 Test Report . 4
7 Radiation Tests . 5
7.1 Principle . 5
7.2 Size and number of test specimens . 5
7.3 Simulated solar radiation methods . 5
7.3.1 Method A . 5
7.3.2 Method C . 6
7.4 Procedure . 7
7.5 Expression of results . 7
7.5.1 Laminated glass and laminated safety glass . 7
7.5.2 Fire-resistant laminated glass and fire-resistant laminated safety glass . 7
7.6 Test Report . 7
Annex A (informative) Possible arrangement of the test apparatus for the radiation test
described in 7.3.1. 9
Annex B (normative) Retesting guidelines for durability testing of laminated glass .11
Bibliography .12
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building Subcommittee SC 1,
Product considerations.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12543-4:2011), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Editorial changes
— ….
A list of all parts in the ISO 12543 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020(E)
Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated
safety glass —
Part 4:
Test methods for durability
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12543 defines terms and describes component parts for laminated glass and laminated
safety glass for use in building.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4892-2, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 9050, Glass in building — Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar
energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors
ISO 12543-1, Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated safety glass — Part 1: Definitions and
description of component parts
ISO 12543-2, Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated safety glass — Part 2: Laminated
safety glass
ISO 12543-3, Glass in building — Laminated glass and laminated safety glass — Part 3: Laminated glass
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12543-1 and ISO 12543-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Test specimens
Test specimens should be representative of standard production. Test specimens shall either be
specially manufactured to the test size or be cut from larger panes. Test specimens with cut edges shall
contain at least one edge from the original pane from which it was cut.
The original edge should be marked.
If the final product has all its edges sealed/protected, the test specimen shall also have all its edges
sealed/protected.
The method of supporting the test specimen shall not cover two edges of the test specimen. If the test
specimen is cut from a larger pane at least one original edge shall not be covered.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12543-4:2020
ISO/DIS 12543-4:2020(E)
5 High-temperature test
5.1 Principle
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the laminated glass and laminated safety glass are able
to withstand exposure to high temperatures over an extended period of time without their properties
becoming substantially altered. The changes in properties are judged by the occurrence of bubbles,
delamination and cloudiness (not discoloration).
5.2 Size and number of test specimens
The test specimens shall not be smaller than 300 mm × 100 mm. There shall be three test specimens.
5.3 Procedures
5.3.1 General
The high-temperature test may be carried out using either an oven or boiling water. The test
temperature is 100 °C. The tolerances of the test temperature depend on the test method used and are
as follows:
a) Oven (100 ± 2) °C
+0
b) Boiling water 100 ( ) °C
−2
To remove the risk of thermal breakage in the boiling water, test samples should be placed in water at
60 °C for 10 min before transferring to the water at 100 °C.
5.3.2 Other characteristics of glass
Heat the three test specimens to a temperature of 100 °C.
In an oven, the heating-up time is dependent on load and the type and thickness of the laminated glass
being tested.
Generally speaking, for samples up to 10 mm thickness this should be assumed to be 30 minutes. For
thick samples, i.e. thicker than 10 mm, a heating-up time of 3 minutes per millimetre glass thickness
shall be assumed. The maximum shall be 2 hours. Alternatively, the heating-up time for samples thicker
than 10 mm may be determined by calibration.
Maintain the test temperature for a period of 2 h.
Take the test specimens out and allow them to cool to room temperature by storing them vertically
under natural convection and radiation. The assessment of the test samples may be carried out when
the glass surface temperature is lower than 30 °C.
5.3.3 Procedure B (long high temperature test)
Heat the three test specimens to a temperature of 100 °C.
In an oven, the heating-up time is dependent on the load and the type and thickness of the laminated
glass being tested. Generally speaking, for samples up to 10 mm thickness this should be assumed to be
30 minutes. For thick samples, i.e. thicker than 10 mm, a heating-up time of 3 minutes per millimetre
glas
...
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