SIST EN 474-4:2022
(Main)Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
This part of prEN 474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to wheel and crawler backhoe loaders as defined in EN ISO 6165:2012.
This part also deals with fork application, lifting operations and log handling.
The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in prEN 474-1:2017.
This does not repeat the requirements from prEN 474-1:2017, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for backhoe loaders.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to earth-moving machinery, when used under the conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonable foreseeable misuse thereof (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during the whole foreseeable lifecycle of the machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.
NOTE For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing, etc.) until harmonised requirements are available.
Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 4: Anforderungen für Baggerlader
Dieses Dokument behandelt zusammen mit EN 474 1:2022 alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und ‑ereignisse von Baggerladern, wenn diese Maschinen bestimmungsgemäß verwendet werden sowie unter den vernünftigerweise vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen (siehe Anhang A) für die gesamte Lebensdauer der Maschine wie in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4, beschrieben betrieben werden.
Die Anforderungen dieses Dokuments gelten ergänzend zu den allgemeinen Anforderungen der EN 474 1:2022. Dieses Dokument wiederholt nicht die Anforderungen in EN 474 1:2022, sondern ergänzt oder ändert diese für den Einsatz von Baggerladern.
Dieses Dokument enthält keine Anforderungen an den Hauptstromkreis und den Antrieb, wenn die primäre Energiequelle eine externe Stromversorgung ist.
Dieses Dokument enthält keine Leistungsanforderungen an Sicherheitsfunktionen von Steuerungssystemen.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine Abrissmaschinen.
Dieses Dokument behandelt auch den Einsatz mit Gabelzinken, den Einsatz mit Baumklammer und den Hebebetrieb.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für Baggerlader, die vor der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments durch CEN hergestellt wurden.
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 4 : Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses
La présente partie de la norme prEN 474 traite de tous les phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs relatifs aux chargeuses-pelleteuses sur roues ou sur chenilles définies dans l’EN ISO 6165:2012.
La présente partie traite également de l’utilisation avec fourches, en opération de levage et en manutention de grumes.
Les prescriptions figurant dans la présente partie viennent en complément des prescriptions communes présentées dans la norme prEN 474-1:2017.
La présente partie ne répète pas les prescriptions de la norme prEN 474-1:2017 mais en ajoute ou en remplace certaines applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses.
La présente Norme européenne traite de tous les risques, situations et événements dangereux significatifs relatifs aux engins de terrassement lorsqu'ils sont utilisés comme prévu et dans des conditions prévues, mais en tenant compte également des mauvais usages raisonnablement prévisibles (voir Article 4). La présente Norme européenne spécifie les mesures techniques appropriées visant à réduire les risques dus aux phénomènes, situations et événements dangereux significatifs survenant pendant toute la durée de vie prévisible de l'engin.
La présente Norme européenne n'est pas applicable aux engins de terrassement fabriqués avant la date de publication de la présente Norme européenne par le CEN.
NOTE Pour la circulation sur les voies publiques, les codes de la route nationaux s’appliquent (freinage, conduite, éclairage, attelage, par exemple) tant que des prescriptions harmonisées ne sont pas disponibles.
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 4. del: Zahteve za bagre
Ta del standarda prEN 474 obravnava vsa večja tveganja, nevarne situacije in nevarne dogodke v zvezi z bagri s kolesi in gosenicami iz standarda EN ISO 6165:2012.
Ta del obravnava tudi uporabo vilic, dvigovanje in rokovanje s hlodi.
Zahteve iz tega dela dopolnjujejo splošne zahteve iz standarda prEN 474-1:2017.
Ta dokument ne navaja ponovno zahtev iz standarda prEN 474-1:2017, temveč dodaja ali nadomešča zahteve za uporabo bagrov.
Ta evropski standard obravnava vsa večja tveganja, nevarne situacije in nevarne dogodke v zvezi s stroji za zemeljska dela, kadar se uporabljajo pod pričakovanimi pogoji, pri čemer se upošteva tudi morebitna razumno predvidena nepravilna uporaba teh strojev (glej točko 4). Ta evropski standard določa ustrezne tehnične ukrepe za zmanjšanje večjih tveganj, nevarnih situacij in nevarnih dogodkov v celotni pričakovani življenjski dobi strojev.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za stroje, izdelane pred datumom izdaje tega evropskega standarda s strani CEN.
OPOMBA: Za prevažanje po javnih cestah veljajo nacionalni prometni predpisi (npr. glede zaviranja, krmiljenja, razsvetljave, vleke itd.), dokler ne bodo na voljo usklajene zahteve.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 474-4:2022
01-maj-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 474-4:2007+A2:2012
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 4. del: Zahteve za bagre
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 4: Anforderungen für Baggerlader
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 4 : Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses-
pelleteuses
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 474-4:2022
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
SIST EN 474-4:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100 Supersedes EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements
for backhoe loaders
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 4 : Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 4: Anforderungen
Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses für Baggerlader
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 474-4:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Operator's station . 8
4.3 Seat . 8
4.4 Operator's controls and indicators . 8
4.5 Outrigger up protective device . 8
4.6 Horn for the backhoe portion . 8
4.7 Stability . 9
4.8 Lifting operation . 11
4.9 Travelling and transportation . 12
4.10 Quick coupler . 12
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 13
6 Information for use . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 Machine safety labels . 14
6.3 Operator’s manual . 14
6.4 Other instructions for backhoe loader machinery . 14
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 15
Annex B (normative) Test method for backhoe loader lift capacity at the backhoe portion . 20
B.1 General . 20
B.2 Terms and definitions . 20
B.3 Apparatus . 20
B.4 Test site . 20
B.5 Preparation for test . 21
B.6 Capacity test . 21
B.7 Rated lift capacity in bucket or shovel application . 22
B.8 Rated lift capacity in lifting operation . 22
B.9 Rated lift capacity with attachment . 22
Annex C (informative) Illustrations . 23
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered. 25
Bibliography . 30
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 474-4:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction
equipment and building material machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
For bibliographic references, see EN 474-1:2022.
EN 474 “Earth-moving machinery — Safety” comprises the following parts:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers
— Part 3: Requirements for loaders
— Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders
— Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
— Part 6: Requirements for dumpers
— Part 7: Requirements for scrapers
— Part 8: Requirements for graders
— Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers
— Part 10: Requirements for trenchers
— Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors
— Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators
— Part 13: Requirements for rollers
This document is intended for use in combination with part 1 of the series.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
The main differences between this document and EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 are as follows:
a) safety-related functions of control systems (excluded);
b) requirements for attachments, multi-purpose and derivative machinery (deleted);
c) the normative references (updated) (Clause 2);
d) definition of compact crawler backhoe loader up to 6t (modified);
e) requirements for lifting operation of backhoe portion (updated);
f) verification methods table (added) (Clause 5);
g) requirements for quick couplers (added);
h) list of significant hazards (Annex A) (updated);
i) Annex ZA (updated).
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
1 Scope
This document together with EN 474-1:2022 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and
events relevant to backhoe loaders when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are
reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A) associated with the whole lifetime of the
machine as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
The requirements of this document are complementary to the common requirements formulated in
EN 474-1:2022. This document does not repeat the requirements of EN 474-1:2022 but supplements or
modifies the requirements for backhoe loaders.
This document does not provide requirements for main electrical circuits and drives of machinery when
the primary source of energy is an external electrical supply.
This document does not provide performance requirements for safety related functions of control
system(s).
This document does not deal with demolition machinery.
This document also deals with fork application, log handling application and lifting operation application.
This document is not applicable to backhoe loaders which are manufactured before the date of
publication of this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 474-1:2022, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
EN ISO 7096:2020, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
(ISO 7096:2020)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 7451:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of
hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric
ratings
ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their
measurement accuracies
ISO 9533:2010, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward
horns — Test methods and performance criteria
ISO 14397-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of
rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 474-1:2022, EN ISO 12100:2010
and the following apply.
NOTE Terminology for backhoe loaders is specified in ISO 8812:2016 and most common backhoe loaders are
illustrated in Annex C of this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
backhoe loader
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having a main frame designed to carry both front-mounted
equipment and rear-mounted backhoe equipment, normally with stabilisers or outriggers (see
EN ISO 6165:2012)
Note 1 to entry: When used in backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level,
but when used in loader mode (bucket use), the machine loads through forward motion.
Note 2 to entry: A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging
material. A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material.
3.2
compact backhoe loader
wheeled backhoe loader with an operating mass (see ISO 6016:2008) of ≤ 4 500 kg, or crawler backhoe
loader with an operating mass of ≤ 6 000 kg designed to work in confined spaces with the associated
needs for greater manoeuvrability
3.3
load centre of gravity distance
distance “D” in mm from the centre of gravity “G” of the load measured horizontally to the front face of
the fork shanks as specified in Figure 1
3.4
lift point radius
horizontal distance between the bucket pivot pin and the swing pivot centre
Note 1 to entry: The bucket pivot pin and the swing pivot centre are illustrated in ISO 8812:2016, Figure 15a,
Position 4 and 13.
3.5
rated lift capacity
smaller of either the maximum load or the rated hydraulic lift capacity
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Context
Backhoe loaders shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
of this clause. In addition, the machines shall be designed according to the principles of
EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
4.1.2 Specific relation to EN 474-1
Backhoe loaders shall comply with the requirements of EN 474-1:2022, as far as not modified or replaced
by the requirements of this part.
There are general requirements specified in EN 474-1:2022 that are not applicable because the risk
assessment has shown that for backhoe loaders the corresponding hazard does not exist. Therefore, for
backhoe loaders 4.3.5, 4.4.2.2, 4.22.5 and Annex B in EN 474-1:2022, are not applicable.
4.2 Operator's station
EN 474-1:2022, 4.3 applies, with the following addition to EN 474-1:2022, 4.3.1.2 for backhoe loaders
with retractable rear window:
On backhoe loaders with retractable rear window, the cab height above SIP shall not be less than 920 mm
measured with the window retracted into the cab.
4.3 Seat
EN 474-1:2022, 4.4 applies with the following addition to EN 474-1:2022, 4.4.1.4:
For backhoe loader the seat shall comply with spectral classes of EN ISO 7096:2020 according to Table 1.
Table 1 — Seat criteria for backhoe loaders
Wheeled backhoe loader EM5
Compact wheeled backhoe
loader EM8
Crawler backhoe loader EM6
4.4 Operator's controls and indicators
EN 474-1:2022, 4.5 applies with the following addition:
EN 474-1:2022, 4.5.3 also applies for the operator’s movement in the cab from one operating position to
another operating position (e.g. from the loader operating position to the backhoe operating position),
and the movement of the operator’s seat.
4.5 Outrigger up protective device
An acoustic and visual warning device shall be installed to warn the operator when the travel motion is
engaged with lowered outriggers
4.6 Horn for the backhoe portion
EN 474-1:2022, 4.9 applies with the following addition:
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
The horn sound pressure level shall be greater than or equal to 93 dB (A) at 7 m distance to the rear of
the backhoe, with the backhoe moved to the least favourable position to provide maximum masking at
position 5 of ISO 9533:2010, 7.1, so that the swing frame, boom or an attachment provide maximum
masking to the warning device(s).
The operator shall be able to activate the horn from the backhoe operation position.
4.7 Stability
4.7.1 General
EN 474-1:2022, 4.11 applies with the additions given in 4.7.2 and 4.7.3 below.
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on tests, calculations, or both, of machines on a level
and firm supporting surface.
The mass of the load, its density and the location of its centre of gravity as well as the mass of the
attachment and the quick coupler if fitted, shall be included in the determination of the rated operating
capacity and the size/capacity of the attachment.
To provide a sufficient stability the rated operating capacity/rated lift capacity in intended operations
shall be determined as specified in 4.7.2 and 4.7.3.
4.7.2 Loader portion
4.7.2.1 General
The rated capacities of the backhoe loader used in loader application shall be determined as follows with
the backhoe in its transport position as specified by the manufacturer.
4.7.2.2 Loader bucket application
The rated operating capacity shall be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007.
The volumetric rating of bucket shall be determined according to ISO 7546:1983.
The mass, volumetric rating of bucket and density of the material have to be taken into account when the
bucket capacity is selected for a specific application.
4.7.2.3 Loader fork application
4.7.2.3.1 Rated operating capacity
The rated operating capacity is based on the use of forks and shall be determined according to
ISO 14397-1:2007 (except for the stability factors (k) stated in ISO 14397-1:2007, 5.1, Table 1) and with
the fork in a horizontal position. Stability factors (k) specified in Table 2 shall apply.
Table 2 — Stability factors in fork application
Ground condition Wheel backhoe loader Crawler backhoe loader
Rough terrain 0,60 -
Firm and level ground 0,80 -
All - 0,35
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
4.7.2.3.2 Fork load centre of gravity
The load centre of gravity distance, D, is determined as a point on the longitudinal centreline of the
machine at half the distance from the most rearward point of the load opening to the tip of the fork, as
shown in Figure 1.
Key
D distance in millimetres (see Table 3)
F load in Newton
G load centre of gravity
Figure 1 — Load centre of gravity distance with fork arms
4.7.2.3.3 Fork size
Fork arms shall meet the performance requirements stated in ISO 2330:2002.
To select the fork arm size and to determine the load centre of gravity distance (D) as shown in Figure 1,
the specifications in Table 3 shall be followed.
Table 3 — Typical load centre of gravity distance
Load F in N Load centre of gravity distance D in mm
400 500 600 900 1 200
F < 10 000 X
10 000 ≤ F < 50 000 X
50 000 ≤ F < 100 000 X
100 000 ≤ F < 200 000 X X X
200 000 ≤ F < 250 000 X X
F ≥ 250 000 X
NOTE For loads below 10 000 N a 500 mm load spacing dimension is optional.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
4.7.2.4 Loader log handling application
4.7.2.4.1 Rated operating capacity
The rated operating capacity is based on a log grapple application and shall be determined according to
ISO 14397-1:2007 (except for stability factors (k) stated in ISO 14397-1:2007, 5.1, Table 1) with the log
grapple fitted. Stability factors (k) specified in Table 4 shall apply.
Table 4 — Stability factors in log handling
Ground condition Wheel backhoe loaders Crawler backhoe
loaders
Rough terrain 0,75 0,50
Firm and level ground 0,85 0,60
4.7.3 Backhoe portion
The rated lift capacity for a backhoe loader used in backhoe application with a bucket or shovel shall be
determined in accordance with Annex B as the value according to B.7.
The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to ISO 7451:2007 or ISO 7546:1983.
The mass, volumetric rating of bucket and density of the material have to be taken into account when the
bucket capacity is selected for a specific application.
4.8 Lifting operation
4.8.1 Loader portion
EN 474-1:2022, 4.12 shall apply, with the exception of 4.12.2, 4.12.3, 4.12.4, 4.12.5 and 4.12.6.
The rated operating capacity is based on use of a lifting accessory or accessories and the attachment and
shall be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007.
4.8.2 Backhoe portion
4.8.2.1 General
EN 474-1:2022, 4.12.1, 4.12.2, 4.12.3, 4.12.6 and 4.12.7 shall apply even if intended use does not involve
lifting operations.
EN 474-1:2022, 4.12.4 and 4.12.5 do not apply.
The rated lift capacity for a backhoe loader used in lifting operation shall be determined in accordance
with Annex B as the value according to B.8.
4.8.2.2 Overload warning devices
EN 474-1:2022, 4.12.3 a) is replaced by the following:
The maximum rated lift capacity according to EN 474-1:2022, 3.6 is greater than or equal to 1 000 kg,
measured according to EN 474-4:2022, Annex B or;
4.8.2.3 Rated lift capacity chart
A chart of the rated lift capacity in lifting operations, established by the manufactuer, shall be provided.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
The rated lift capacity chart in lifting operations shall be generated with the rated lift capacity on different
lift point radii, minus the mass of the attachment if necessary (see B.9). There shall be at least five
different lift point radii. Minimum and maximum lift point radius shall always be included.
The chart(s) shall be displayed at the operator's station for each lifting configuration specified in the
operation manual.
4.9 Travelling and transportation
The backhoe portion shall be equipped with a device which securely locks the backhoe in transport
position.
4.10 Quick coupler
For powered quick couplers (as defined in 3.1.1 of ISO 13031:2016), located at the backhoe portion of
backhoe loaders, EN 474-1:2022, 4.21 shall apply with the following addition:
Quick couplers shall have a means to minimize the possibility of an attachment being inadvertently
dropped to the ground prior to correct engagement of the quick coupler system (i.e. fully engaged with
the attachment in its working position).
This means shall either:
— provide automatic mechanical locking of the first pin contacted during the process of coupling.
This automatic mechanical locking may be activated upon initial contact with the pin or upon
activation of the engagement control. The mechanical lock shall only be able to be released as part
of the disengagement function, or
— prevent the lifting of the attachment until correct engagement is achieved, or
— retain the attachment throughout the entire stroke of the bucket cylinder with the arm at an angle
of 30° measured through the centreline of the boom pivot and bucket pivot, from vertical away
from the operator’s station, according to Figure 2 and with the coupler not fully engaged, or
Figure 2 — Test for the retaining feature
— provide an acoustic and a visual signal, at the operator’s station if the engagement is not complete
with the attachment in its working position.
The requirements above shall be verified with a functional test. The test shall be done with the
attachments intended to be used according to the machine manufacturer’s instructions.
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SIST EN 474-4:2022
EN 474-4:2022 (E)
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction
measures
Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of Clause 4 of this document shall be
verified according to Table 5.
Table 5 sets out verification methods which shall be applied for each safety requirement in this document.
Where X(s) is indicated in the table, the corresponding verification method(s) shall be applied.
Table 5 shall be read in conjunction with the corresponding clauses.
Table 5 includes the following verification methods:
a) calculation: to establish that the requirements of this document have been met;
b) visual verification: to establish that something is present (e.g. a guard, a marking, a document);
c) measurement: to show that the required numerical values have been met (e.g. geometric dimensions,
safety distances, resistance of insulation of the electric circuits, results of physical tests);
d) functional tests: to show that the adequate signals intended to be forwarded to the main control
system of the complete machine are available and comply with the requirements and with the
technical documentation;
e) special verification: by reference to a standard which is mentioned in the corresponding clause.
Table 5 —Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
X
4.1 General
X
4.2 Operator’s station
4.3 Seat X
4.4 Operator's controls and indicators X
X
4.5 Outrigger up protective device
4.6 Horn for the backhoe portion X X
4.7.1 Stability, General X X
4.7.2.2 Loader bucket application X X
4.7.2.3 Loader fork application X X
4.7.2.4 Loader log hand
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 474-4:2017
01-junij-2017
Stroji za zemeljska dela - Varnost - 4. del: Zahteve za bagre
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 4 : Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses-
pelleteuses
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 474-4
ICS:
53.100 Stroji za zemeljska dela Earth-moving machinery
oSIST prEN 474-4:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 474-4:2017
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oSIST prEN 474-4:2017
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 474-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2017
ICS 53.100 Will supersede EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012
English Version
Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 4: Requirements
for backhoe loaders
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 4 :
Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 151.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 474-4:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 474-4:2017
prEN 474-4:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 List of significant hazards . 7
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Protection . 7
5.2.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) . 7
5.3 Operator's station . 8
5.3.1 Minimum space envelope . 8
5.3.2 Operator's controls. 8
5.3.3 Operator's seat . 9
5.4 Forward and rearward horns . 9
5.5 Stability . 9
5.5.1 General . 9
5.5.2 Loader portion . 9
5.5.3 Backhoe portion . 13
5.6 Travelling and transportation . 14
6 Verification . 14
7 Information for use . 17
7.1 General . 17
7.2 Other instructions for backhoe loader machinery . 17
Annex A (normative) List of additional significant hazards – Backhoe loaders . 18
Annex B (normative) Test method for backhoe loader lift capacity at the backhoe portion . 20
B.1 Terms and definitions . 20
B.2 Apparatus . 20
B.3 Test site . 21
B.4 Preparation for test . 21
B.4.1 General . 21
B.4.2 Position . 21
B.5 Capacity test . 21
B.5.1 Load cell . 21
B.5.2 Position of boom/arm . 21
B.5.3 Test procedure . 21
B.5.4 Verification . 22
B.6 Rated lift capacity in bucket or shovel application . 22
B.7 Rated lift capacity in object handling. 22
B.8 Rated lift capacity with attachment . 22
Annex C (informative) Illustrations . 23
2
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Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC machinery, and amending
Directive 95/16/EC (recast) [2006 L157] aimed to be covered . 25
Bibliography . 26
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prEN 474-4:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 474-4:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151
“Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
For bibliographic references, see prEN 474-1:2017.
prEN 474 ”Earth-moving machinery — Safety” comprises the following parts:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers
— Part 3: Requirements for loaders
— Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders
— Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators
— Part 6: Requirements for dumpers
— Part 7: Requirements for scrapers
— Part 8: Requirements for graders
— Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers
— Part 10: Requirements for trenchers
— Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill compactors
— Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators
— Part 13: Requirements for rollers
This European Standard is intended for use in combination with part 1 of the series.
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prEN 474-4:2017 (E)
Introduction
This part of prEN 474 is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered
are indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This part of prEN 474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to
wheel and crawler backhoe loaders as defined in EN ISO 6165:2012.
This part also deals with fork application, lifting operations and log handling.
The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in prEN 474-
1:2017.
This does not repeat the requirements from prEN 474-1:2017, but adds or replaces the requirements for
application for backhoe loaders.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to
earth-moving machinery, when used under the conditions foreseen but also taking into account any
reasonable foreseeable misuse thereof (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate
technical measures to reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events
during the whole foreseeable lifecycle of the machinery.
This European Standard is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of publication of
this European Standard by CEN.
NOTE For travelling on public roads, national traffic regulations apply (e.g. braking, steering, lighting, towing,
etc.) until harmonized requirements are available.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 474-1:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
EN ISO 3164:2013, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluations of protective structures —
Specifications for deflection-limiting volume (ISO 3164:2013)
EN ISO 6165:2012, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
(ISO/DIS 6165:2012)
EN ISO 6682:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986,
including Amd 1:1989)
EN ISO 7096:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration (ISO
7096:2000)
5
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EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 7451:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of
hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric
ratings
ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their
measurement accuracies
ISO 9533:2010, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns —
Test methods and performance criteria
ISO 14397-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of
rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
ISO 14397-2:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Test method for
measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 474-1:2017,
EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.
Note 1 to entry: Terminology for backhoe loaders is specified in ISO 8812:2016 and most common backhoe
loaders are illustrated in Annex C of this European Standard.
Note 2 to entry: Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for
this document.
3.1
backhoe loader
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having a main frame designed to carry both front-mounted
equipment and rear-mounted backhoe equipment, normally with stabilisers or outriggers (see
EN ISO 6165:2012)
Note 1 to entry: When used in backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level,
but when used in loader mode (bucket use), the machine loads through forward motion.
Note 2 to entry: A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging
material. A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material. Lifting
operations can be carried out by the loader and backhoe portion
3.2
compact backhoe loader
wheeled backhoe loader with an operating mass (see ISO 6016:2008) of ≤ 4 500 kg, or crawler backhoe
loader with an operating mass of ≤ 6000 kg designed to work in confined spaces with the associated
needs for greater manoeuvrability
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3.3
standard load centre distance
distance “D” in mm from the centre of gravity “G” of the load measured horizontally to the front face of
the fork shanks and vertically to the upper face of the fork blades as specified in Table 1
4 List of significant hazards
See Annex A.
NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they
are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and
which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
Backhoe loaders shall comply with the requirements of prEN 474-1:2017, as far as not modified or
replaced by the requirements of this part.
5.2 Protection
5.2.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.3.3 applies with the following addition for compact backhoe loaders:
The portion of deflection-limiting volume (DLV) above the LA (SIP) line according to EN ISO 3164:2013
is allowed to deviate (lean) up to 15° laterally as shown in Figure 1, when the minimum energy
requirement is met. Portion below the LA (SIP) line of DLV can be disregarded.
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prEN 474-4:2017 (E)
Key
1 up to 15°
2 LA
3 Seat index point (SIP)
Figure 1 — Deflection-limiting volume (DLV), front view
5.3 Operator's station
5.3.1 Minimum space envelope
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.3.2.5 applies with the following additions:
On backhoe loaders with retractable rear window, the cab height above SIP shall not be less than 920 mm
measured with the window retracted into the cab.
5.3.2 Operator's controls
5.3.2.1 Outriggers
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.5 applies with the following additions on backhoe loaders equipped with outriggers,
an acoustic and visual warning device shall be installed to warn the operator when the travel motion is
engaged with lowered outriggers. The acoustic warning shall meet the requirements of ISO 9533:2010,
7.5.3.
5.3.2.2 Alternative operator position
If the backhoe loader is provided with an alternative operator position with alternative travel controls,
all controls in the alternative position shall meet the performance requirements for travel. For example,
steering, brakes, indicators, stopping/starting etc.
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5.3.2.3 Inadvertent activation of controls
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.5.3 applies with the following modifications:
Controls which can cause a hazard due to inadvertent activation shall be so arranged or deactivated or
guarded as to minimise the risk when the operator gets into or out of the operator's station and from the
operator’s movement in the cab from one operating position to another operating position, and the
movement of the operator’s seat. The deactivation device shall either be self-acting or acting by
compulsory actuation of the relevant device.
5.3.3 Operator's seat
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.4.1 applies with the addition that the seat shall meet the requirements of the
following input spectral class according to EN ISO 7096:2008:
Table 1 — Seat criteria for backhoe loaders
Wheeled backhoe loader EM5
Compact wheeled backhoe loader EM8
Crawler backhoe loader EM6
5.4 Forward and rearward horns
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.9, first indent, applies to the forward loader portion and an additional rearward
horn(s) shall be installed for the backhoe portion.
The backhoe warning device(s) sound level shall be greater than or equal to 93 dB (A) at 7 m distance to
the rear of the backhoe, with the backhoe moved to the least favourable position to provide maximum
masking at position 8 of ISO 9533:2010, 7.1, so that the swing frame, boom or an attachment provide
maximum masking to the warning device(s). The operator shall be able to activate the backhoe warning
device(s) from the backhoe operation position.
5.5 Stability
5.5.1 General
prEN 474-1:2017, 5.11 applies with the additions below:
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on tests and/or calculations of machines being on level
and firm supporting surface.
The mass of the load, its density and the location of its centre of gravity as well as the mass of the
attachment and the attachment bracket, if fitted, shall be included in the determination of the rated
operating capacity and the size/capacity of the attachment.
Loader portion of Backhoe Loaders do not need to meet prEN 474-1:2017, 5.12.3, 5.12.4, 5.12.5, 5.12.6
and 5.12.7.
To provide a sufficient stability the rated operating capacity/rated lift capacity in intended operations
shall be determined as specified in 5.5.2 and 5.5.3.
5.5.2 Loader portion
5.5.2.1 General
The rated capacities of the backhoe loader used in loader application shall be determined as follows with
the backhoe in its transport position as specified by the manufacturer.
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5.5.2.2 Loader bucket application
The rated operating capacity shall be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007.
The volumetric rating of bucket shall be determined according to ISO 7546:1983.
The mass, volumetric rating of bucket and density of the material have to be taken into account when the
bucket capacity is selected for a specific application.
5.5.2.3 Loader fork application
5.5.2.3.1 General
The rated operating capacity is based on the use of forks and shall be determined by the criteria specified
in 5.5.2.3.2 to 5.5.2.3.5.
5.5.2.3.2 Rated load
The tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007 (except for stability factor stated in
5.1) and with the fork in a horizontal position. The rated load as a percentage of tipping load shall not
exceed the applicable value specified in Table 2.
Table 2 — Stability factors in fork application
Rated load as a percentage of tipping load for loader portion
Ground condition Wheel loader
Rough terrain 60
Firm and level ground 80
Stability factors to determine rated load of crawler backhoe loader shall not exceed 35 % of the tipping
load.
5.5.2.3.3 Hydraulic lift capacity
It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
NOTE The hydraulic lift capacity is the maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the fork in
horizontal position limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to ISO 14397-2:2007.
5.5.2.3.4 Rated operating capacity
The rated operating capacity shall be determined either by:
— the rated load specified in 5.5.2.3.2, or
— the hydraulic lift capacity specified in 5.5.2.3.3
whichever is less.
5.5.2.3.5 Fork size
To select the fork arm size and to determine the load centre gravity distance (D) as shown in Figure 2, the
specifications in Table 3 shall be followed.
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Table 3 — Standard load centre distance
Load F Standard load centre distance D (mm)
kg
400 500 600 900 1 200 1 500
< 1 000 X + +
≥ 1 000 < 5 000 X +
≥ 5 000 ≤ 10 000 X
> 10 000 < 20 000 X X X
≥ 20 000 < 25 000 X X
50 000 X X
NOTE The standard load centre distances D are designated by X. The load centre
distances designated by + are optional.
Fork arms shall meet the performance requirements stated in ISO 2330:2002.
Key
D distance in millimetres (see Table 3)
F load in Newton
G centre of gravity
Figure 2 — Load centre distance with fork arms
5.5.2.4 Loader log handling application
5.5.2.4.1 General
The rated operating load of a backhoe loader in log handling application shall be determined by the
criteria given in 5.5.2.4.2 and 5.5.2.4.3.
5.5.2.4.2 Rated load
Tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007, (except for the stability factor stated in
5.1) with the log grapple fitted. The rated load as a percentage of tipping load shall not exceed the
applicable value specified in Table 4.
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Table 4 — Stability factors in log handling
Rated load as percentage of tipping load
Ground condition Wheel backhoe loaders Crawler backhoe
loaders
Rough terrain 75 50
Firm and level ground 85 60
5.5.2.4.3 Hydraulic lift capacity
It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
NOTE The hydraulic lift capacity is the maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the log
grapple fitted limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to ISO 14397-2:2007.
5.5.2.4.4 Rated operating capacity
The rated operating capacity shall be determined either by:
— the rated load specified in 5.5.2.4.2, or
— the hydraulic lift capacity specified in 5.5.2.4.3
whichever is less.
5.5.2.5 Loader lifting operation
5.5.2.5.1 General
The rated operating capacity is based on use of (a) lifting accessory(ies) and the attachment and shall be
determined by criteria given in 5.6.6.2 to 5.6.6.4.
5.5.2.5.2 Rated load
Tipping load shall be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007 and with the load attached to the actual
load hooking points as specified by the manufacturer. The rated load, as a percentage of tipping load, shall
be determined according to ISO 14397-1:2007, Clause 5.
5.5.2.5.3 Hydraulic lift capacity
It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
NOTE Hydraulic lift capacity is the maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the hooking
point(s) fitted, limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to ISO 14397-1:2007.
5.5.2.5.4 Rated operating capacity
The rated operating capacity shall be determined either by:
— the rated load specified in 5.5.2.5.2, or
— the hydraulic lift capacity specified in 5.5.2.5.3
whichever is less.
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5.5.2.6 Other applications
The rated operating capacity of derivative machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according
to the load specification given in 5.5.2.2 to 5.5.2.5 whereby the comparable hazard has to be considered
for the special application.
5.5.3 Backhoe portion
5.5.3.1 General
prEN 474-1:2016, 5.12 applies to all backhoe loaders with the exception of 5.12.5 and 5.12.6 even if the
intended use does not involve a lifting operation.
5.5.3.2 Backhoe bucket and shovel application
The rated lift capacity for a backhoe loader used in backhoe application with a bucket or shovel shall be
determined in accordance with Annex B as the value according to B.6.
The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to ISO 7451:2007 or ISO 7546:1983.
The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account
when a bucket is selected for a specific application.
5.5.3.3 Backhoe lifting application
5.5.3.3.1 General
The rated lift capacity of a backhoe portion used for lifting applications shall be determined according to
5.5.3.3.2 to 5.5.3.3.4.
5.5.3.3.2 Rated lift capacity
The rated lift capacity of the backhoe portion is defined in B.7.
5.5.3.3.3 Rated lift capacity table in lifting applications
A table of the rated lift capacity in lifting applications, established by the manufacturer, shall be provided.
The rated lift capacity table in lifting applications shall be generated with the rated lift capacity on
different lift point radii, minus the mass of the attachment if necessary (see B.8). There shall be at least
five different lift point radii. Minimum and maximum lift point radius shall always be included.
The table(s) shall be displayed at the operator's station for each lifting configuration specified in the
operation manual.
5.5.3.3.4 Overload warning devices
The backhoe portion used in lifting operations, with a maximum rated lift capacity,
(see prEN 474-1:2017, 3.6 of equal or greater than 1 000 kg, measured according to Annex B, or an
overturning moment equal or greater than 40 000 Nm shall be equipped with:
an acoustic or visual warning device which indicates to the operator when the rated lift capacity/
corresponding load moment is reached and continues as long as the lift capacity or load moment is
exceeded. The rated lift
...
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