oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021
(Main)Factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels - Part 5: Design methods - Determination criteria for combining actions and spans
Factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels - Part 5: Design methods - Determination criteria for combining actions and spans
This document specifies design methods for combination of actions and spans for factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels (hereafter sandwich panels). The sandwich panels are for use in elements for both self-supporting and structural applications in roofs, in external and internal walls (including partitions) and in ceilings in buildings as well as those in cold store applications.
NOTE The description of self-supporting sandwich panels is given in prEN 14509-1:2020, Clause 1 and for structural sandwich panels in prEN 14509-2:2020, Clause 1.
Werkmäßig hergestellte Sandwich-Elemente mit beidseitigen Metalldeckschichten - Teil 5: Berechnungsmethoden - Bestimmungskriterien für die Kombination von Einwirkungen und Spannweiten
Dieses Dokument legt Berechnungsmethoden für die Kombination von Einwirkungen und Spannweiten für werkmäßig hergestellte Sandwich-Elemente mit beidseitigen Metalldeckschichten (nachstehend Sandwich-Elemente) fest. Die Sandwich-Elemente sind für den Einsatz in Elementen sowohl für selbsttragende als auch für tragende Anwendungen in Dächern, in Außen und Innenwänden (einschließlich Trennwänden) und in (Unter )Decken in Gebäuden sowie in solchen für Kühlhausanwendungen vorgesehen.
ANMERKUNG Die Beschreibung für selbsttragende Sandwich-Elemente ist in prEN 14509-1:2021, Abschnitt 1 und für tragende Sandwich-Elemente in prEN 14509-2:2020, Abschnitt 1 angegeben.
Panneaux sandwiches isolants à deux parements métalliques manufactures - Partie 5 : Méthodes de calcul - Critères de détermination pour les combinaisons des actions et des portées
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes de calcul pour les combinaisons d'actions et de portées pour les panneaux sandwiches isolants double peau à parements métalliques manufacturés (ci-après dénommés panneaux sandwiches). Les panneaux sandwiches sont destinés à être utilisés dans les éléments pour applications autoportantes et structurelles dans les toitures, les parois extérieures et intérieures (y compris les cloisons), et les plafonds dans les bâtiments, ainsi que pour les applications en chambres froides.
NOTE La description des panneaux sandwiches autoportants est fournie dans le prEN 14509-1:2021, Article 1, et celle des panneaux sandwiches structurels dans le prEN 14509-2:2020, Article 1.
Tovarniško izdelane izolacijske sendvič plošče z obojestranskim kovinskim oplaščenjem - 5. del: Metode izračuna - Merila za določanje kombinacij učinkov in obsega
General Information
Relations
Overview
prEN 14509-5:2021 is a CEN draft standard that specifies design methods for combining actions and determining spans of factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels. It applies to panels used as self-supporting or structural elements in roofs, external and internal walls (including partitions), ceilings and cold-store buildings. The document focuses on how to calculate design effects (loads, moments, deflections) and compare them with resistances and serviceability criteria using established verification procedures.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and applicability: Design rules for double skin metal faced sandwich panels used in building envelope and internal applications; covers both self-supporting and structural panels (see prEN 14509‑1 and prEN 14509‑2 for definitions).
- Design principles: Verification by comparison of design effects E with resistances R (ultimate limit state) and criteria C (serviceability limit state); use of material partial factors and the partial factor method.
- Actions covered: Permanent actions, variable actions (uniformly distributed loads), thermal gradients; note - the clause covers uniformly distributed loads and thermal gradients only and gives no guidance on single concentrated loads.
- Resistance and failure modes: Bending moment capacity, wrinkling stress/wrinkling strength, residual bending resistance at intermediate supports and support reaction capacity.
- Computation methods: Symbols, sign conventions (e.g., bending negative when face 1 is in tension), calculation of effects, methods of analysis for flat, lightly profiled and strongly profiled faces, influence of time-dependent shear deformation (creep) of the core.
- Special topics: Panels with special profiles, effective properties of faces and core, design of fixings and support reactions.
- Normative references: Links to Eurocodes and related EN parts (EN 1990, EN 1993‑1‑3, EN 1999‑1‑4, EN 10143, prEN 14509 Parts 1–4).
Practical applications and users
- Who uses it: Structural and façade engineers, roof and cladding designers, panel manufacturers, specifiers, building control authorities and test laboratories.
- Typical uses:
- Determining allowable spans and load tables for sandwich panels.
- Designing panel layouts for roofs, walls, ceilings and cold stores to meet ULS and SLS.
- Checking support reaction capacity, fixing design and joint behaviour.
- Accounting for thermal gradients and long‑term core shear deformation in serviceability calculations.
- Benefits: Helps ensure safe, code-compliant panel installations, optimises span selection and fixing details, and provides a harmonised approach aligned with Eurocode practice.
Related standards
- prEN 14509‑1 (self-supporting), prEN 14509‑2 (structural), prEN 14509‑3 (mechanical tests), prEN 14509‑4 (fixing tests)
- EN 1990 (Basis of structural design), EN 1993‑1‑3 (steel structures), EN 1999‑1‑4 (aluminium structures)
Keywords: prEN 14509-5, sandwich panels, double skin metal faced, design methods, combining actions, spans, Eurocode, roof cladding, wall cladding, cold stores, partial factor method, serviceability, ultimate limit state.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2021
Tovarniško izdelane izolacijske sendvič plošče z obojestranskim kovinskim
oplaščenjem - 5. del: Metode izračuna - Merila za določanje kombinacij učinkov in
obsega
Factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels - Part 5: Design
methods - Determination criteria for combining actions and spans
Werkmäßig hergestellte Sandwich-Elemente mit beidseitigen Metalldeckschichten - Teil
5: Berechnungsmethoden - Bestimmungskriterien für die Kombination von Einwirkungen
und Spannweiten
Panneaux sandwiches isolants à deux parements métalliques manufactures - Partie 5 :
Méthodes de calcul - Critères de détermination pour les combinaisons des actions et des
portées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14509-5
ICS:
91.100.60 Materiali za toplotno in Thermal and sound insulating
zvočno izolacijo materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2021
ICS 91.100.60
English Version
Factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich
panels - Part 5: Design methods - Determination criteria
for combining actions and spans
Panneaux sandwiches isolants à deux parements Werkmäßig hergestellte Sandwich-Elemente mit
métalliques manufactures - Partie 5 : Méthodes de beidseitigen Metalldeckschichten - Teil 5:
calcul - Critères de détermination pour les Berechnungsmethoden - Bestimmungskriterien für die
combinaisons des actions et des portées Kombination von Einwirkungen und Spannweiten
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 128.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14509-5:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction. 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, subscripts and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions .6
3.2 Symbols and subscripts .8
3.2.1 Symbols. 8
3.2.2 Subscripts . 9
4 Determination criteria for combining actions and spans . 9
4.1 General .9
4.2 Definitions . 10
4.2.1 Properties of a sandwich panel . 10
4.2.2 Sign convention used in Clause 4 . 10
4.3 Principles on design procedure . 11
4.4 Actions . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Permanent actions. 11
4.4.3 Variable actions . 12
4.4.4 Actions due to long term effects . 13
4.5 Resistance . 13
4.5.1 General . 13
4.5.2 Residual (rest) bending resistance at an intermediate support . 14
4.5.3 End support reaction capacity . 15
4.6 Verification by the partial factor method . 16
4.6.1 Design values of actions. 16
4.6.2 Ultimate limit state . 16
4.6.3 Serviceability limit state . 17
4.6.4 Combination of actions . 17
4.7 Material factors . 18
4.8 Calculation of the effects of actions . 18
4.8.1 General . 18
4.8.2 Methods of analysis . 18
4.8.3 Static system, geometry and thickness . 23
4.8.4 Sandwich panels with plane or lightly profiled faces . 23
4.8.5 Sandwich panels with strongly profiled faces . 24
4.8.6 The influence of time on shear deformations of the core . 24
4.9 Panels with special profiles . 25
4.9.1 General . 25
4.9.2 Determination of the effective properties of the faces and the core . 25
4.9.3 Design of panels with special profiles . 25
4.10 Design of fixing . 29
Bibliography . 30
European foreword
This document (prEN 14509-5:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 128 “Roof
covering products for discontinuous laying and products for wall cladding”, the secretariat of which is
held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
Introduction
This document covers Annex E in EN 14509:2013 and will be replaced for steel faced sandwich panels
by EN 1993-7 when this Eurocode for design of steel faced sandwich panels will be published. For
sandwich panels with other metal faces, this document will be used.
1 Scope
This document specifies design methods for combination of actions and spans for factory made double
skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels (hereafter sandwich panels). The sandwich panels are for
use in elements for both self-supporting and structural applications in roofs, in external and internal
walls (including partitions) and in ceilings in buildings as well as those in cold store applications.
NOTE The description of self-supporting sandwich panels is given in prEN 14509-1:2021, Clause 1 and for
structural sandwich panels in prEN 14509-2:2020, Clause 1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1990:2002, Eurocode — Basis of structural design
EN 1993-1-3:2006, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-3: General rules — Supplementary
rules for cold-formed members and sheeting
EN 1999-1-4:2007, Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural
sheeting
EN 10143:2006, Continuously hot-dip coated steel sheet and strip — Tolerances on dimensions and shape
prEN 14509-1:2021, Factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels — Part 1- Self-
supporting applications
prEN 14509-2:2020, Factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels — Part 2-
Structural applications
prEN 14509-3:2020, Factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels — Part 3: Test
methods for determining mechanical strength, building physical behaviour and durability
prEN 14509-4:2020, Factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels — Part 4: Test
methods for fixing of panels and for determining restraining effect on substructure
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, subscripts and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
bending moment capacity
maximum bending moment recorded during a test on an individual panel
As impacted by EN 1990:2002/A1:2005 and EN 1990:2002/AC:2010.
As impacted by EN 1993-1-3:2006/AC:2009.
As impacted by EN 1999-1-4:2007/AC:2009 and EN 1999-1-4.
3.1.2
bending resistance
characteristic value of bending moment capacity determined on the basis of a test series
3.1.3
bond
adhesion between the face(s) and the core normally provided by an adhesive
3.1.4
ceiling
covering over an internal area
3.1.5
core
layer of material, having thermal insulating properties, which is bonded between two metal faces
Note 1 to entry: Panels with special edge details in the longitudinal joints may utilize different core materials from
the main insulating core (e.g. for improved fire performance) if these edge details do not influence on mechanical
performance of the panel.
3.1.6
edge, longitudinal edge
side of the panel where adjacent panels join together in the same plane
3.1.7
face, facing
flat, lightly profiled or profiled thin metal sheet firmly bonded to the core
3.1.8
flat facing
facing without any rolled or pressed profile, or raised strengthening rib
3.1.9
joint
interface between two panels where the meeting edges have been designed to allow the panels to join
together in the same plane
Note 1 to entry: The joint may incorporate interlocking parts that enhance the mechanical properties of the
system as well as improving the thermal, acoustic and fire performance and restricting air movement.
Note 2 to entry: The term 'joint' does not refer to a junction between cut panels or a junction where the panels
are not installed in the same plane.
3.1.10
lightly profiled facing
facing with a rolled or pressed profile not exceeding 5 mm in depth
3.1.11
sandwich panel
building product consisting of two metal faces positioned on either side of a core that is a thermally
insulating material, which is firmly bonded to both faces so that the three components act compositely
when under load
3.1.12
wrinkling strength
characteristic value of wrinkling stress
3.1.13
wrinkling stress
stress in the compressed face of a panel undergoing failure in bending where the failure mode takes the
form of a “wrinkle” extending over the full width of the panel near the section of maximum bending
moment
3.2 Symbols and subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and subscripts apply
3.2.1 Symbols
The following symbols apply to this document
A cross-sectional area
B overall width of the panel, flexural rigidity
Note 1 to entry: A, cross sectional area and B, flexural rigidity may apply either to the full width of a panel (e.g. in
EN 14509-3:2021 when interpreting test results) or to a unit (metre) width of panel when carrying out design
calculations or preparing load tables.
C design value of a serviceability criterion
D overall depth of the panel
E modulus of elasticity, design value of the effect of an action
F force, load
G shear modulus, permanent action
I moment of inertia
L span, distance
M bending moment
N axial compressive force
Q variable action
R resistance, reflectivity (R )
G
S shear rigidity, characteristic value of an action
T temperature
V shear force
d depth of face profile or stiffeners, depth of core (d )
c
e distance between centroids of faces, base of natural logarithms (e = 2,718 282)
f strength, yield stress
h height of profile
k parameter (prEN 14509-3:2020, 4.11, 4.5.3 in this document: support reaction capacity),
correction factor
n number of webs
q live load
s length of web (s )
w1
t thickness of face sheet
v variance factor
α coefficient of thermal expansion
β parameter (Table 10 design formulae)
Ф angle
γ partial safety factor, load factor (γ )
F
φ creep coefficient
θ parameter (Table 9 design formulae)
σ bending stress, compressive strength, standard deviation
τ shear stress
ψ combination coefficient
3.2.2 Subscripts
The following subscripts apply to this document.
C core
F face, action (γ )
F
G permanent load, degree
M material (γ )
M
Q variable action
S sandwich part of the cross-section
c compression, core
d design
i, j index
k characteristic value
nom nominal
s support (L = support width), surface (R )
s s1
t time
tol tolerance (normal or special)
0 basic value
1 external face, upper face
2 internal face, lower face
4 Determination criteria for combining actions and spans
4.1 General
This clause only covers uniformly distributed loads and thermal gradients, it gives no information about
single loads on panels.
This clause concerns provisions that the designer has to take into account, if not otherwise specified and
which are not yet included in the relevant Eurocodes.
The supporting structure shall be sufficiently stiff, to avoid unintended diaphragm actions or composite
actions.
4.2 Definitions
4.2.1 Properties of a sandwich panel
The cross-section and material properties of a sandwich panel shall be as shown in Figures 1 a) and 1
b) and Table 1.
a) flat, lightly profiled or micro profiled face
b) Panel cross-section, profiled face
Figure 1 — Panel cross-sections
Table 1 — Panel properties
Layer Geometry Material properties Structural properties
Face 1 t1, d1, d11, d12, AF1, IF1 E , α B
F1 F1 F1
Core d EC, GC S
C
Face 2 t2, d2, d21, d22, AF2, IF2 E , α B
F2 F2 F2
4.2.2 Sign convention used in Clause 4
Where relevant, the formulae in this document assume the following sign convention: Bending moments
are negative when face 1 is in tension.
Compressive forces and stresses are positive. Downward loads are positive.
Downward deflections are positive.
4.3 Principles on design procedure
The design values E of the effects of the actions shall be calculated and shall be compared with the
d
design values of the corresponding resistance R or the relevant serviceability criterion C taking into
d d
account the appropriate material partial factors γ .
M
It shall be verified by means of calculation that that the Formulae (1) to (4) are satisfied using the
procedures in 4.5 to 4.7.
Ultimate limit state: E ≤ R (1)
ULS:d d
Serviceability limit state: E ≤ C (2)
SLS:d d
where
E E
and are design values of the effects of the actions, i.e.
ULS;d SLS;d
E the effect of Σ γ ψ S (3)
f ki
d
R
k
R = is the design value of the resistance at the ultimate limit state (4)
d
γ
M
C is the limiting design value of the relevant serviceability criterion expressed as the
d
maximum serviceability limit state design stress or limit on deflection taking into
account the material partial factor for serviceability limit state design γ ;
M
S is the characteristic value of an action;
ki
γ is the relevant load factor;
F
ψ is the relevant combination factor;
γ is the relevant material partial factor;
M
R is the calculated or experimental value of the characteristic resistance.
k
NOTE The procedures which follow conform to the “European Recommendations for Sandwich Panels: Part
1: Design” [2] and present a sub-set of the more detailed procedures which are given in these Recommendations.
This product standard is primarily concerned with the values of R and C . The load levels and the levels
d d
of safety may be specific to each Member State.
4.4 Actions
4.4.1 General
The actions in 4.4.2 to 4.4.4 shall be taken into account in the calculations. They shall be considered
either individually or in combination using the combination factors in 4.6 and 4.7. When panels are used
for restraining of substructures the moment m (see EN 1993-1-3:2006, 10.1.5.2) shall be taken into
account.
4.4.2 Permanent actions
The permanent actions to be taken into account in the design shall include the following:
— self-weight of the panel (calculated from the nominal dimensions and mean densities);
— mass of any permanent components of the structure and installation that apply load to the panel;
— permanent imposed deformations, e.g. due to temperatures in cold stores (calculated using nominal
values relevant to the specific application).
4.4.3 Variable actions
The variable actions shall include the following, where they are relevant:
— snow (quasi-permanent action);
— live loads (e.g. due to access to a roof or ceiling);
— wind loads;
— construction loads;
— climatic effects (e.g. due to a temperature difference between the faces of a panel);
— seismic action (calculated as an equivalent static load).
The temperature gradients resulting from the difference between the outside temperature T and the
inside temperature T are variable actions.
If national specifications do not give values for external temperatures, the following values for the
temperature of the outside face may be used:
Depending on the latitude, the height above sea level and the distance from the sea, four different
minimum winter temperature levels (T ) are used throughout the continent of Europe: 0, −10 °C: −20 °C
and −30 °C. The temperature of the outer face of a roof panel with an over layer of snow is 0 °C.
The temperature T of the outside face has a maximum summer value which depends upon the colour
and reflectivity of its surface. Values of T , which are minimum for ultimate state calculations and which
are suitable for serviceability calculations, may be taken as follows:
R = 75–90 T = +55 °C
(i) very light colours
G 1
R = 40–74 T = +65 °C
(ii) light colours
G 1
(iii) dark colours R = 8–39 T = +80 °C
G 1
where
R is the degree of reflection relative to magnesium oxide = 100 %.
G
NOTE These values for temperature at outer face can be taken for both the ultimate limit state and the
serviceability limit state.
Optional procedure for the determination of colour and coating specific facing (also uncoated facings)
temperatures is testing which can be performed according to following procedure:
Total Solar Reflectance (TSR) and Thermal Emittance (TE) of a colour are measured according to
laboratory methods based on ASTM E903-20 (Updated 2020) according to procedure detailed in
Clause 8 and ASTM C1371-15 (Updated 2015) according to the procedure detailed in Clause 7
respectively. Every coating type and colour must be measured separately. Then Solar Reflective Index
(SRI) is calculated according to ASTM E1980 - 11(2019) (Reapproved 2016) Clause 4.3. Finally, the
estimated Steady State Surface (exterior) temperature is calculated according to ASTM E1980 -
11(2019) (Reapproved 2016) Clause 4.2. Recommended wind speed in calculations is 2 to 6 m/s
(medium wind speed), giving a convective coefficient of 12 W/(m K), which is taken into account in the
calculations in Clauses 4.2 and 4.3. In case of need also 0 to 2 m/s (low wind speed), giving a convective
coefficient of 5 W/(m K), can be used for calculation.
If national provisions do not give values for internal (ambient) temperatures, the following values for
the temperature of the inside face shall be used. Where internal temperatures are specific to the use of
the building (e.g. cold stores, bakeries) the temperature shall be provided by the designer or building
user.
Summer: T = +25 °C Winter: T = +20 °C
2 2
The greatest difference between the inside and outside temperatures may arise during installation.
4.4.4 Actions due to long term effects
Creep of the core material shall be taken into account in the design for panels used as a roof or ceiling
and for special cases with walls with permanent temperature difference.
Creep of the core may cause a change in both stresses and deformations with time.
4.5 Resistance
4.5.1 General
The values of resistance necessary for design shall be determined in accordance with
prEN 14509-3:2020, Clause 4. In addition, depending on the application, the procedures in 4.5.1 and
4.5.2 may be required.
NOTE 1 The following characteristic resistance values are required in order to carry out design by calculation
in accordance with this document – see Table 2.
Table 2 — Characteristic resistance values
Characteristic resistance values Clause in Test method according to
prEN 14509-1:2020 prEN 14509-3:2020
Yield strength of the faces 4.1.2.1
Shear strength 4.1.4 4.3 or 4.4
Compressive strength
4.1.7 and 4.1.16 4.2 and 4.11
and stress distribution over support
Shear strength after long-term loading
4.1.9 4.5
(roof and ceiling panels only)
Wrinkling strength (positive and negative bending)
4.1.12 and 4.1.13 4.6
at normal and higher temperature
Wrinkling strength over a central support (positive
and negative bending, at normal and higher
temperature) determined from the bending 4.1.14 and 4.1.15 4.8 and 4.9
resistance (only for panels continuous over two or
more spans)
NOTE 2 In Table 2, the term wrinkling strength includes the local buckling stress of a profiled face in
compression.
In addition, the following are required in order to carry out the necessary calculations – see Table 3.
Table 3 — Additional calculation rules
Test method according to
Characteristic values Clause
prEN 14509-3:2020
Shear modulus 4.1.5 in prEN 14509-1:2020 4.3 or 4.4
Creep coefficient
4.1.6 in prEN 14509-1:2020 4.7
(roof and ceiling panels only)
Design thickness of the faces 4.8.3 of this document
The comparison of the design values of action effects and the design values of resistance according to
4.3 is usually carried out in terms of stresses, which are determined from the stress resultants according
to 4.8.2.5 and 4.8.2.6. Determination of the compressive strength (wrinkling stress) of a profiled face
from the bending resistance of the panel requires a calculation for which the formulae are given in
4.8.5.2.
For the seismic design of the sandwich panel, the simplified method defined in 4.3.5 of EN 1998-1:2005
apply.
NOTE 3 When the length of the panel is less or equal to 3,50 m and the weight of the panel less or equal to
25 kg/m the seismic design is satisfied without calculations.
4.5.2 Residual (rest) bending resistance at an intermediate support
If the load-deflection curve, determined according to procedure given in prEN 14509-3:2020, 4.8, is as
shown in Figure 2 a), the attainment of maximum bending moment at an internal support corresponds
to a serviceability limit state. Furthermore, a non-zero rest moment may be determined and
incorporated into the calculations at the ultimate limit state. If the load-deflection curve falls away
suddenly, as shown in Figure 2 b), the attainment of maximum bending moment at an internal support
shall be deemed to correspond to the ultimate limit state.
A suitable value for the non-zero rest moment M shall be determined from a load-deflection curve
rest
type.
(a) by subtracting the elastic component of deflection and choosing M as the moment on the
rest
drooping part of the curve corresponding to a “plastic hinge” rotation of 3°.
a) gradual failure with long drooping portion b) sudden failure with rapid loss of load
Key
F load
w deflection
Figure 2 — Load deflection curves
An assessment of the residual bending resistance may be made by considering the reduction in the
ultimate support moment at a “plastic hinge” rotation of 3°. If this reduction is greater than 40 % of the
maximum moment attained, this may be regarded as a “sudden failure” and the rest moment should be
considered to be zero.
Using a design concept for the ULS taking into account a non-zero rest moment the effects from the
temperature load cases due to a remaining stiffness upon the internal supports shall be taken into
account.
4.5.3 End support reaction capacity
4.5.3.1 General
The reaction capacity at the end of a panel where the contact face is either plain or lightly profiled shall
be determined either by calculation according to 4.5.3.2 or by tests on full width panels according to
prEN 14509-3:2020, 4.11.
The reaction capacity at an internal support at the ultimate limit state shall be determined by calculation
according to 4.5.3.2. This calculation may be improved by using a value of ‘k’ determined by test
according to prEN 14509-3:2020, 4.11.
4.5.3.2 Calculation of the support reaction capacity
The capacity in compression at an end support without an overhang or with an overhang less than 0,6e
(see prEN 14509-3:2020, Figure 18) shall be given by Formula (5):
F B L+ 0,5ke f
( )
R1 s Cc
(5)
An end support with an overhang greater than 0,6e shall be treated as an internal support. For the
capacity at an end support in shear, see prEN 14509-3:2020, 4.11.
=
The capacity at an internal support for ULS shall be given by Formula (6):
F B L+ ke f
( )
R2 s Cc
(6)
where
B is
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Frequently Asked Questions
oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 is a draft published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels - Part 5: Design methods - Determination criteria for combining actions and spans". This standard covers: This document specifies design methods for combination of actions and spans for factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels (hereafter sandwich panels). The sandwich panels are for use in elements for both self-supporting and structural applications in roofs, in external and internal walls (including partitions) and in ceilings in buildings as well as those in cold store applications. NOTE The description of self-supporting sandwich panels is given in prEN 14509-1:2020, Clause 1 and for structural sandwich panels in prEN 14509-2:2020, Clause 1.
This document specifies design methods for combination of actions and spans for factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels (hereafter sandwich panels). The sandwich panels are for use in elements for both self-supporting and structural applications in roofs, in external and internal walls (including partitions) and in ceilings in buildings as well as those in cold store applications. NOTE The description of self-supporting sandwich panels is given in prEN 14509-1:2020, Clause 1 and for structural sandwich panels in prEN 14509-2:2020, Clause 1.
oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 14509:2014, SIST EN 14509:2014. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
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oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 표준은 공장제조 이중 스킨 금속 면체 단열 샌드위치 패널의 설계 방법에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공하는 문서입니다. 이 표준은 주로 샌드위치 패널에서의 하중 결합과 스팬에 대한 설계 기준을 규정하며, 이러한 패널이 자립형 및 구조적 응용에서의 지붕, 외부 및 내부 벽 (파티션 포함), 그리고 건물의 천장 및 냉장 저장 응용 프로그램에서도 사용될 수 있음을 명시하고 있습니다. 이 문서의 강점은 샌드위치 패널의 다양한 응용 가능성을 다루며, 자립형 패널과 구조적 패널에 대한 명확한 지침을 제공하는 것입니다. prEN 14509-1:2020 및 prEN 14509-2:2020에서의 설명을 통해 각 패널의 기능과 성능을 이해할 수 있게 하여, 설계 과정에서의 신뢰성을 높입니다. 또한, 이 표준은 건축 및 구조물 설계에서 온도 변화, 하중 변동, 그리고 안전 기준 등을 효과적으로 결합하여 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제시합니다. 이는 샌드위치 패널의 통합 설계 접근 방식의 중요성을 강조하며, 실질적인 적용 사례를 고려한 최적의 설계 솔루션을 제공할 수 있습니다. 결과적으로, oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021은 샌드위치 패널의 설계에서 필수적인 기준이 되는 문서로, 공학자 및 건축가들이 다양한 환경에서 요구되는 안전성과 효율성을 만족시키도록 도와줍니다. 이 표준은 샌드위치 패널의 설계 방법론의 발전에 기여하며, 실제 적용에 있어 신뢰성을 높이는 필수 자료로 자리잡고 있습니다.
Le document oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 se concentre sur les méthodes de conception pour la combinaison des actions et des portées des panneaux sandwich isolants à double peau et à face métallique fabriqués en usine. Cette norme est d'une grande importance car elle fournit des critères fondamentaux pour garantir la sécurité et la performance de ces panneaux dans diverses applications. La portée de cette norme est particulièrement étendue, couvrant les panneaux sandwich utilisés dans les éléments autoportants ainsi que dans les applications structurelles, que ce soit pour les toits, les murs externes et internes (y compris les cloisons) ou les plafonds dans les bâtiments. De plus, elle inclut les applications dans les espaces de stockage réfrigéré, ce qui souligne sa pertinence dans plusieurs secteurs industriels, notamment l'agriculture, le stockage alimentaire, et l’industrie du bâtiment. L'un des points forts de cette norme est sa capacité à établir des méthodes de conception claires et précises, permettant aux ingénieurs et aux architectes de concevoir des systèmes sûrs et efficaces. En fournissant des critères pour la combinaison des actions, la norme favorise une approche systématique dans le calcul des charges et des forces sur les éléments en panneaux sandwich, ce qui est essentiel pour assurer leur intégrité structurelle. De plus, cette norme fait partie d'une série de documents connexes, notamment prEN 14509-1:2020 et prEN 14509-2:2020, qui décrivent respectivement les panneaux sandwich autoportants et les panneaux sandwich structuraux. Cette cohérence réglementaire contribue à une meilleure compréhension et mise en œuvre des exigences liées aux différents types de panneaux sandwich, renforçant ainsi la confiance des professionnels dans l’utilisation de ces matériaux. En somme, le oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 constitue un outil crucial pour les professionnels du bâtiment et de l'industrie, en leur fournissant des méthodes de conception robustes et fiables pour les panneaux sandwich. Sa pertinence est accentuée dans un contexte où la durabilité et l'efficacité sont de plus en plus au cœur des préoccupations des acteurs du secteur.
oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021は、工場製の二重皮膜金属面断熱サンドイッチパネルの設計方法に関する基準であり、その範囲は非常に広いです。この文書は、サンドイッチパネルの動作とスパンの組み合わせに関する設計方法を指定しており、自己支持型および構造用途の屋根、外壁および内壁（仕切りを含む）、および建物の天井に関する要素に使用されます。また、冷蔵庫用途にも適用されるため、様々な建築環境での使用が可能です。 この基準の強みは、設計方法の明確な指針を提供する点にあります。特に、サンドイッチパネルの複雑な動作条件や負荷の組み合わせを効果的に管理するための基準が設けられており、設計者はこれを参考にすることで、安全かつ効率的な構造設計を実現できます。加えて、基準は自己支持型および構造型のサンドイッチパネルに関する前述の基準とリンクしているため、全体的な設計と評価プロセスを統一することができます。 oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021は、現代の建設業界において非常に関連性が高く、特に省エネルギーや持続可能性が求められる中で、断熱性能を持つサンドイッチパネルの使用はますます重要になっています。この基準に従うことで、環境基準に則った建物の設計が促進され、さらなる品質向上と安全性が確保されるでしょう。 全体として、この標準は、サンドイッチパネルの設計とにおける重要なフレームワークを提供し、建設業界における設計の品質と信頼性を向上させるための基盤となっています。
The oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 standard provides essential design methods specifically aimed at the combination of actions and spans for factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels. Its scope is comprehensive, addressing both self-supporting and structural applications of sandwich panels, which are critical in constructing roofs, external and internal walls, as well as ceilings in various building projects including cold store facilities. One of the notable strengths of this standard is its detailed methodology for assessing the performance and reliability of sandwich panels under combined loading conditions. This ensures that architects and engineers have a robust framework to follow when designing with these materials, ultimately enhancing the safety and structural integrity of buildings. The incorporation of both self-supporting and structural sandwich panel design considerations allows for broader applicability across different construction scenarios. Moreover, the document aligns closely with its precursors, namely prEN 14509-1:2020 and prEN 14509-2:2020, providing a seamless integration of knowledge regarding the definitions and characteristics of the sandwich panels. This continuity reinforces the relevance of the standard within the larger framework of sandwich panel specifications, making it a vital resource for professionals in the field. Ultimately, the oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 standard stands out for its clarity, practicality, and alignment with current industry needs, making it an invaluable reference for the effective use of factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels in modern construction.
Die Norm oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 bietet umfassende Designmethoden zur Kombination von Einwirkungen und Spannweiten für werkseitig gefertigte doppelschalige, metallverkleidete, isolierende Sandwichpaneele. Diese Norm ist insbesondere relevant für Hersteller und Planer, die Sandwichpaneele in verschiedenen Bauanwendungen verwenden, einschließlich selbsttragender und tragender Elemente in Dächern, Außen- und Innenwänden sowie Decken von Gebäuden. Auch Anwendungen in Kühlhäusern werden abgedeckt. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil dieser Norm liegt in ihrer klaren Struktur und den präzisen Vorgaben, die eine einheitliche Anwendung der Designmethoden fördern. Die Norm ermöglicht es, verschiedene Lasten, wie Schneelasten, Windkräfte und andere Einwirkungen, systematisch zu berücksichtigen, wodurch die Sicherheit und die Tragfähigkeit der Sandwichpaneele gewährleistet wird. Darüber hinaus bietet die Norm wichtige Richtlinien zur Bestimmung der Spannweiten der Sandwichpaneele, was für die Planung und Ausführung in der Bauindustrie von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Durch die Standardisierung dieser Methoden wird nicht nur die Qualität der Konstruktionen erhöht, sondern auch die Effizienz in der Planung und Ausführung gesteigert. Insgesamt ist die oSIST prEN 14509-5:2021 eine unverzichtbare Ressource, die eine solide Grundlage für das Design und die Anwendung von Sandwichpaneelen in einer Vielzahl von Baukontexten bietet und somit zur Verbesserung der Bauqualität und -sicherheit beiträgt. Die Norm stärkt die Relevanz von Sandwichpaneelen in der modernen Bauindustrie, da sie sowohl gerichtete als auch branchenübergreifende Anwendungen unterstützt.
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