SIST EN ISO 22674:2022

Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances (ISO 22674:2022)

This document specifies requirements and test methods for metallic materials that are suitable for the fabrication of dental restorations and appliances. Included are metallic materials recommended for use either with or without a ceramic veneer, or recommended for both uses. Furthermore, this document specifies requirements for packaging and marking of the products and for the instructions for use of these materials, including products delivered for sale to a third party.
This document does not apply to alloys for dental amalgam (see ISO 24234), dental brazing materials (see ISO 9333), or metallic materials for orthodontic appliances (e.g. wires, brackets, bands and screws).
This document is not applicable to magnetic attachment, which are specified in ISO 13017.

Zahnheilkunde - Metallische Werkstoffe für festsitzenden und herausnehmbaren Zahnersatz und Applikationen (ISO 22674:2022)

Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für metallische Werkstoffe fest, die zur Herstellung von dentalen Restaurationen und Applikationen geeignet sind. Dieses Dokument umfasst metallische Werkstoffe, die entweder für die Verwendung mit oder ohne Keramikverblendung oder für beide Anwendungen empfohlen werden. Darüber hinaus werden in diesem Dokument Anforderungen an die Verpackung und Kennzeichnung der Produkte sowie an die Gebrauchsanweisung für diese Werkstoffe, einschließlich Produkte, die für einen Verkauf an Dritte ausgeliefert werden, festgelegt.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Legierungen für dentale Amalgame (siehe ISO 24234), dentale Hartlote (siehe ISO 9333) oder für metallische Werkstoffe für kieferorthopädische Apparaturen (z. B. Drähte, Brackets, Bänder und Schrauben).
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für magnetische Befestigungen, die in ISO 13017 festgelegt sind.

Médecine bucco-dentaire - Matériaux métalliques pour les restaurations fixes et amovibles et les appareillages (ISO 22674:2022)

Le présent document spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux métalliques qui sont appropriés à la fabrication de restaurations dentaires et d’appareils. Sont inclus les matériaux métalliques d’utilisation recommandée avec ou sans revêtement céramique, ou indifféremment pour ces deux utilisations. De plus, le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives au conditionnement et au marquage des produits et aux instructions d’utilisation de ces matériaux, y compris les produits commercialisés à des tiers.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux alliages pour amalgame dentaire (voir l’ISO 24234), aux produits pour brasage dentaire (voir l’ISO 9333), ni aux matériaux métalliques destinés aux appareils orthodontiques (par exemple fils métalliques, supports, bagues et vis).
Le présent document n’est pas applicable aux attaches magnétiques spécifiées dans l’ISO 13017.

Zobozdravstvo - Kovinski materiali za stalne in zamenljive zobne obnove in orodja (ISO 22674:2022)

Ta dokument določa zahteve in preskusne metode za kovinske materiale, ki so primerni za izdelavo zobnih obnov in orodij. Vključeni so kovinski materiali, ki se priporočajo za uporabo s keramičnimi luskami ali brez njih oziroma za obe vrsti uporabe. Ta dokument določa tudi zahteve za embalažo in označevanje izdelkov ter za navodila za uporabo teh materialov, vključno z izdelki, ki so dobavljeni za prodajo tretjim osebam. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za zlitine zobnega amalgama (glej standard ISO 24234), dentalne materiale za spajkanje (glej standard ISO 9333) ali kovinske materiale za ortodontske aparate (npr. žice, opornike, trakove in vijake). Ta dokument se ne uporablja za magnetne priključke, ki so obravnavani v standardu ISO 13017.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Sep-2021
• Publication Date: 10-Oct-2022
• ICS: 11.060.10 - Dental materials
• Technical Committee: VAZ - Healthcare
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 04-Oct-2022
• Due Date: 09-Dec-2022
• Completion Date: 11-Oct-2022
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22674:2022 - Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances (ISO 22674:2022)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 22674:2016 - Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances (ISO 22674:2016)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2022

Overview

EN ISO 22674:2022 (ISO 22674:2022) defines requirements and test methods for metallic materials used in fixed and removable dental restorations and appliances. It covers metallic materials recommended for use with or without ceramic veneers, and includes requirements for packaging, marking and instructions for use when products are delivered for sale to a third party. The standard excludes dental amalgam alloys (see ISO 24234), dental brazing materials (ISO 9333), metallic materials for orthodontic wires/brackets, and magnetic attachments (ISO 13017).

Keywords: ISO 22674, EN ISO 22674:2022, dental metallic materials, dental restorations, dental alloys, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance.

Key Topics

• Classification and symbols for metallic dental materials to standardize product identification.
• Chemical composition reporting and permitted deviations for declared elements.
• Hazardous element controls, with specified limits and special attention to nickel content and other elements of concern.
• Biocompatibility requirements to support safe intraoral use.
• Mechanical properties, including:
  • Proof stress (0.2% non‑proportional extension)
  • Elongation after fracture
  • Elastic modulus measurement and precision requirements
  • Density determination
• Corrosion resistance and tarnish resistance criteria to ensure material integrity and aesthetics.
• Thermal properties, such as solidus/liquidus (or melting point for pure metals) and linear thermal expansion coefficients-important when combining metals with ceramics.
• Sampling, specimen preparation and heat‑treatment procedures for consistent testing.
• Specified test methods, including tensile, flexure (three- or four-point bending), acoustic resonance, and density measurements, plus calculation methods for elasticity parameters.
• Information and marking requirements for packaging and instructions for use.

Applications

EN ISO 22674:2022 is practical for:

• Dental material manufacturers developing alloys and metallic dental products to meet regulatory and market requirements.
• Dental laboratories and technicians selecting materials for crowns, bridges, frameworks and removable prostheses.
• Testing and quality control laboratories performing standardized mechanical, chemical and corrosion tests.
• Regulatory bodies and procurement teams evaluating product compliance and ensuring patient safety.
• Clinicians and prosthodontists who need assurance about the mechanical performance, biocompatibility and compatibility of restorative metals with ceramics.

Using this standard helps ensure consistent product performance, traceability, safety and interchangeability of metallic dental materials across suppliers and jurisdictions.

Related Standards

• ISO 24234 - alloys for dental amalgam (excluded from ISO 22674)
• ISO 9333 - dental brazing materials
• ISO 13017 - magnetic attachments (not applicable to ISO 22674)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 22674:2016
Zobozdravstvo - Kovinski materiali za stalne in zamenljive zobne obnove in orodja
(ISO 22674:2022)
Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances (ISO
22674:2022)
Zahnheilkunde - Metallische Werkstoffe für festsitzenden und herausnehmbaren
Zahnersatz und Applikationen (ISO 22674:2022)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Matériaux métalliques pour les restaurations fixes et
amovibles et les appareillages (ISO 22674:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22674:2022
ICS:
11.060.10 Zobotehnični materiali Dental materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 22674
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 11.060.10 Supersedes EN ISO 22674:2016
English Version
Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable
restorations and appliances (ISO 22674:2022)
Médecine bucco-dentaire - Matériaux métalliques pour Zahnheilkunde - Metallische Werkstoffe für
les restaurations fixes et amovibles et les appareillages festsitzenden und herausnehmbaren Zahnersatz und
(ISO 22674:2022) Applikationen (ISO 22674:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22674:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22674:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
"Dentistry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which
is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 22674:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22674:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22674:2022 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22674
Third edition
2022-08
Dentistry — Metallic materials for
fixed and removable restorations and
appliances
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Matériaux métalliques pour les
restaurations fixes et amovibles et les appareils
Reference number
ISO 22674:2022(E)
ISO 22674:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 S c op e . 1
2 N ormative references . 1
3 T erms and definitions . 1
4 S ymbols and classification . 3
4.1 Symbols . 3
4.2 Classification . 5
5 R equirements . 6
5.1 C hemical composition . 6
5.1.1 R eported composition . 6
5.1.2 Permitted deviation from the reported composition for elements . 6
5.2 Ha zardous elements . 7
5.2.1 Ha zardous elements . 7
5.2.2 L imits for the hazardous elements . 7
5 . 2 . 3 Nic k el . 7
5.3 B iocompatibility . 7
5.4 M echanical properties . 7
5.4.1 G eneral . 7
5.4.2 P roof stress of 0,2 % non-proportional extension . 8
5.4.3 Elongation after fracture . 9
5.5 Elastic modulus . 10
5.5.1 Precision of measurement method . 10
5.5.2 D etermination of compliance with the requirements for Type 5 materials . 10
5.5.3 Mean value . 10
5.6 D ensity . 10
5.7 C orrosion resistance for material integrity . 10
5.8 T arnish resistance . 10
5.9 S olidus and liquidus temperatures (alloy) or melting point (commercially pure
metal) . . 11
5.10 T hermal expansion coefficient . . 11
5.11 I nformation, instructions and marking . 11
6 S a mpl i n g .11
7 P reparation of specimen .11
7.1 G eneral . 11
7.2 H eat treatment.12
7.2.1 G eneral conditions .12
7.2.2 M etallic materials for which a heat treatment is recommended in the
instructions for use .12
7.2.3 Metallic material for metal-ceramic restorations .12
7.2.4 M etallic materials for which no heat-treatment is recommended in the
instructions for use .12
7.3 P roof stress of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and the elongation after
fracture: Metallic materials for which production of conventional specimens is
possible . .12
7.4 Type 0 metallic materials for which the production of conventional specimens is
not possible .13
7.5 E lastic moduli . 13
7.5.1 G eneral .13
7.5.2 T ensile strain method . 14
7.5.3 Flexure method (three or four point bending) . 14
7.5.4 A coustic resonance method . 15
iii
ISO 22674:2022(E)
7.6 D ensity measurement .15
7.6.1 S olid material . 15
7.6.2 Powder material. 16
7.7 Corrosion resistance . 16
7.8 T arnish resistance and colour . 16
7.9 L inear thermal expansion . 16
8 M easurement and test methods .16
8.1 I nformation, instructions and marking . 16
8.2 Chemical composition . 16
8.3 M echanical testing . 17
8.3.1 Apparatus . 17
8 . 3 . 2 Te s t pr o c e du r e. 17
8.3.3 P roof stress of 0,2 % non-proportional extension . 17
8.3.4 Percentage elongation after fracture . 18
8.4 E lastic modulus measurement . 18
8.4.1 Tensile strain method . 18
8.4.2 Flexure method in three- or four-point bending mode . 19
8.4.3 Acoustic resonance method . 21
8.5 C alculation of elasticity parameters from acoustic measurement .23
8.5.1 General .23
8.5.2 Elastic modulus .23
8.5.3 Shear modulus . 23
8.5.4 Poisson's ratio . 24
8.6 D ensity . 24
8.6.1 Preparation of specimen . 24
8.6.2 Reagents . 24
8.6.3 Apparatus . 24
8.6.4 P rocedure . 24
8.7 C orrosion resistance by the static 7 d immersion procedure of ISO 10271 . 24
8.7.1 P reparation of specimen . 24
8.7.2 Reagents . 24
8.7.3 Apparatus . 24
8 .7.4 Te s t s olut ion . 25
8 .7. 5 Te s t pr o c e du r e.25
8.7.6 A nalysis . 25
8.7.7 T reatment of data . 25
8.8 S ulfide tarnish test — Cyclic immersion . 25
8.9 S ulfide tarnish test — Static immersion . 25
8.10 S olidus and liquidus temperatures (dental casting alloys) or melting point
(commercially pure metals) . 25
8.10.1 Cooling curve method .25
8.10.2 Thermal analysis method . 26
8.11 L inear thermal expansion . 27
9 Te s t r ep or t .27
10 I nformation and instructions for use .28
10.1 I nformation . .28
10.2 Processing instructions .29
10.3 M arking and labelling . 29
10.4 L abelling of the package . 29
Annex A (informative) Tensile testing of a non-cast Type 0 metallic material that is
intended for use in a thickness between 0,1 mm and 0,5 mm .31
Annex B (normative) Calculation of uncertainty for elasticity measurement .34
Annex C (informative) Measurement of Poisson's ratio .38
Bibliography .40
iv
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2,
Prosthodontic materials], in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 22674:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— addition of products produced using additive and subtractive manufacturing;
— revision of definitions and addition of new definitions for modern manufacturing techniques;
— addition of an overview of symbols in Clause 4 as Table 1;
— harmonization of symbols in formulae and Figures;
— static determination of elastic modulus was added in 8.4.1.3 (as an additional option);
— a requirement for a test report was added as Clause 9;
— a requirement for labelling the alloy composition on the package was added in 10.4.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Introduction
Specific qualitative and quantitative requirements for freedom from biological hazard are not included
in this document, but it is recommended that, in assessing possible biological hazards, reference be
made to ISO 10993-1 and ISO 7405.
Requirements for the performance of metals and alloys used for the metallic component of a metal-
ceramic restoration contained in this document supersede such requirements formerly contained in
ISO 9693. The requirements for the performance of ceramic material and the metal-ceramic bond in
metal-ceramic restorative systems are specified in ISO 9693.
Requirements for the proof stress and minimum elongation after fracture for Type 0 metallic materials
are not included in this document, but it is recommended to adopt the test procedure given in Annex A
when measuring these properties.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22674:2022(E)
Dentistry — Metallic materials for fixed and removable
restorations and appliances
1 S cope
This document specifies requirements and test methods for metallic materials that are suitable for the
fabrication of dental restorations and appliances. Included are metallic materials recommended for use
either with or without a ceramic veneer, or recommended for both uses. Furthermore, this document
specifies requirements for packaging and marking of the products and for the instructions for use of
these materials, including products delivered for sale to a third party.
This document does not apply to alloys for dental amalgam (see ISO 24234), dental brazing materials
(see ISO 9333), or metallic materials for orthodontic appliances (e.g. wires, brackets, bands and screws).
This document is not applicable to magnetic attachment, which are specified in ISO 13017.
2 Normat ive references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 5832-2, Implants for surgery — Metallic materials — Part 2: Unalloyed titanium
ISO 5832-3, Implants for surgery — Metallic materials — Part 3: Wrought titanium 6-aluminium
4-vanadium alloy
ISO 6344-3, Coated abrasives — Determination and designation of grain size distribution — Part 3:
Microgrit sizes P240 to P5000
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 9513, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing
ISO 9693, Dentistry — Compatibility testing for metal-ceramic and ceramic-ceramic systems
ISO 10271:2020, Dentistry — Corrosion test methods for metallic materials
ISO 15223-1:2021, Medical devices — Symbols to be used with information to be supplied by the
manufacturer — Part 1: General requirements
3 T erms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
ISO 22674:2022(E)
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
additive manufacturing
process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to
subtractive manufacturing (3.19) and formative manufacturing methodologies
[SOURCE: ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, 3.1.2, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.2
appliance
prefabricated metallic device such as attachments and bars
3.3
as-cast state
metallurgical condition of the metallic material (3.15) in its solid state when removed from the casting
machine
Note 1 to entry: This condition is dependent upon the manufacturer’s recommended cooling procedure (e.g.
bench cooling).
3.4
base metal
metallic element, with the exception of noble metals (3.16) and silver
3.5
base-metal alloy
alloy having a base metal (3.4) as the principal element
3.6
bench-cooling
process whereby a casting is retained in its investment with exposed metal uppermost and placed on
a flat, insulating surface at ambient temperature in freely circulating air until its temperature falls to
ambient
3.7
casting alloy
metallic material (3.15) designed for casting into an investment mould
3.8
ceramic veneer
thin ceramic surface layer present on a metallic material (3.15) restoration to provide an aesthetic effect
3.9
elastic modulus
Young's modulus
ratio of elastic stress to elastic strain
3.10
hardening
heat-treatment of a metallic material (3.15) producing a condition which provides a higher 0,2 % proof
stress than the as-cast state (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: If recommended by the manufacturer, explicit instructions are required in the instructions for
use.
3.11
hazardous element
element that is known for its potential to produce an adverse biological effect
Note 1 to entry: The presence of such an element (as an alloying addition or as an impurity) in a dental alloy does
not imply that the alloy, in itself, is hazardous.
ISO 22674:2022(E)
3.12
heat treatment
thermal treatment of a metallic material (3.15) such as a material stress relieving process, including
softening (3.18), hardening (3.10), ceramic firing
3.13
metal-ceramic restoration
dental restoration with a ceramic veneer (3.8) bonded to a metallic material (3.15) substructure by firing
Note 1 to entry: This can apply also to the metallic material used for such a restoration. In this context, metal-
ceramic alloy is a synonym.
Note 2 to entry: If recommended, such a metallic material may be used without a ceramic veneer.
3.14
metallic base
metal with highest concentration by mass fraction in the alloy
3.15
metallic material
material with properties that are associated with an alloy, noble metal (3.16) or base metal (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: This may be a pure element, commercially pure metal or an alloy.
3.16
noble metal
metal containing gold, metal of the platinum group and/or rhenium
3.17
one-surface inlay
inlay restoration that is exposed to the oral environment on one and no more of the surfaces that are
used to define the tooth for the purposes of charting
3.18
softening
heat-treatment of a metallic material (3.15) producing a condition which provides a lower 0,2 % proof
stress than the as-cast state (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: If recommended by the manufacturer, explicit instructions are required in the instructions for
use.
3.19
subtractive manufacturing
manufacturing process where a solid material such as milling blank is reduced by milling, grinding,
eroding or similar techniques to the final shape
4 S ymbols and classification
4.1 S ymbols
Table 1 gives an overview about the symbols used in this document.
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Table 1 — Symbols and their usage
Symbol Description Usage
A percentage elongation after fracture A.3.3, A.3.4
15 mm
8.4.2.2, A.1.1, Clause B.2,
B.2.1.1.1, B.4.1,C.3.2.1, C.3.2.2,
b breadth Figures 3 and A.1, Formulae (3),
(4), (5), (B.2), (B.5), (B.6) and
(B.7), Tables 4 and 5
C correction factor 1 for the elastic modulus 8.5.2, Formulae (2) and (3)
C correction factor 2 for the shear modulus 8.5.3, Formulae (4) and (5)
minimum difference between two readings that the measuring
D B.1, Formulae (B.1)
instrument can discriminate
8.4.2.2, Formulae (3) and (6),
d deflection
Table 4
B.2.1.2, B.3.1, B.4.2,
Formulae (1), (3), (6), (B.1),
E elastic modulus
(B.4), (B.5), (B.6), (B.7) and
(C.1), Table 4
8.4.2.2, 8.4.2.3, C.3.2.2, C.3.2.3,
E apparent elastic modulus
a
Formula (C.1), Table 4
F force 8.4.2.2, Table 4
force required to bring the lowest stressed part of the specimen
F 8.4.2.2
to 5 % of material’s R
P0,2
force required to bring the most highly stressed part of the speci-
F 8.4.2.2, Table 4
men to 60 % of material’s R
P0,2
fundamental frequency measured in the flexural mode of vibra- 8.5.2, B.4.2, B.4.3, Formulae (3),
f
tion from acoustic measurement (B.7) and (B.8)
fundamental frequency measured for the torsional mode of vibra- 8.5.3, B.4.2, B.4.3, Formulae (5),
f
tion (B.7) and (B.8)
G shear modulus Formulae (5) and (6)
8.4.2.2, 8.5.2, A.1.1, C.3.2.2,
B.2.1.1.1, B.4.1, B.4.3, Figures 3
h thickness (height) and A.1, Formulae (2), (3), (4),
(5), (B.2), (B.5), (B.6), (B.7) and
(B.8), Tables 4 and 5
h greatest measured thickness 7.5.3, 7.5.4, Figure 4
h least measured thickness 7.5.3, 7.5.4, Figure 4
8.5.2, B.4.1, B.4.2, B.4.3, A.1.1,
Clause B.2, Figures 3, 6 and 7,
l length of specimen
Formulae (2), (3), (5), (B.7) and
(B.8)
l free length between grips A.1.1, Figure A.1
f
7.3, 8.4.1.2, A.3.4, Figures 1, 2
l initial gauge length
g
and A.1, Table 4
l parallel length 7.3, Figures 1 and 2, Table 4
p
8.4.2.1.3, B.3.1, Figure 5,
L inner separation of load rollers
i
Formula (B.6), Table 4
8.4.2.1.3, B.3.1, Figure 5,
L outer separation of support load rollers
o
Formula (B.6), Table 4
8.4.3.2, 8.5.2, B.4.1,
m mass
Formulae (3), (5), (B.7)
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol Description Usage
n number of individual readings B.1, Formula (B.1)
q mean of n individual readings B.1, Formula (B.1)
q value of the ith series of readings B.1, Formula (B.1)
i
r radius of specimen B.2.1.1.2, Formula (B.3)
8.3.3.1, 8.4.2.2, A.3.1.3, A.3.3,
R proof stress of 0,2 % non-proportional extension
P0,2
A.3.4, Tables 3 and 4
7.5.2, 8.4.1.2, B.2.1.1.1, B.2.1.1.2,
S cross-sectional area B.2.1.2, Formulae (1), (B.2),
(B.3) and (B.4)
S original cross-sectional area A.3.3, A.3.4
B.2.1.1.1, B.2.1.1.2, B.2.1.2,
u(S) standard uncertainty in the measurement of cross-section
Formulae (B.2), (B.3) and (B.4)
B.2.1.1.1, B.3.1, Formulae (B.2),
u(b) standard uncertainty in the measurement of breadth of specimen
(B.5), (B.6) and (B.7)
u(d) standard uncertainty in the measurement of Δd B.3.1, Formulae (B.5) and (B.6)
B.2.1.2, B.3.1, B.4.2, C.3.2.2,
u(E) standard uncertainty in the measurement of elastic modulus C.3.2.3, Formulae (B.4), (B.5),
(B.6), (B.7), (B.8) and (C.1)
B.2.1.2, B.3.1, Formulae (B.4),
u(F) standard uncertainty in the measurement of load force
(B.5) and (B.6)
B.4.1, B.4.2, B.4.3,
u( f ) standard uncertainty in frequency
Formulae (B.7) and (B.8)
standard uncertainty in the measurement of thickness of speci- B.2.1.1.1, B.3.1, Formulae (B.2),
u(h)
men (B.5), (B.6), (B.7) and (B.8)
u(l) standard uncertainty in the measurement of length of specimen Formulae (B.7) and (B.8)
u(L ) standard uncertainty in the measurement of L B.3.1, Formula (B.5)
o o
u(L ) standard uncertainty in the measurement of L B.3.1
i i
u(m) standard uncertainty in the measurement of mass Formula (B.7)
u(q) standard uncertainty in the measurement of q B.1, Formula (B.1)
standard uncertainty in the measurement of the radius of the
u(r) B.2.1.1.2, Formula (B.3)
specimen
u(v) combined standard uncertainty in Poisson's ratio B.4.3, Formula (B.8)
u(ΔL) standard uncertainty in the measurements of ΔL B.2.1.2, Formula (B.4)
8.4.2.2, 8.5.1, B.4.3, C.3.2.3,
v Poisson's ratio Formulae (2), (6), (B.8), (C.1)
and (C.2)
change in displacement of mid-point of specimen corresponding
Δd B.3.1, Formulae (B.5) and (B.6)
to the change ΔF in load force
8.4.1.2, B.2.1.2, B.3.1,
ΔF change in load force corresponding to the change in gauge length Formulae (1), (B.4), (B.5) and
(B.6)
Δh separation of outer and inner reference planes 7.5.3, 7.5.4, Figure 4
8.4.1.2, B.2.1.2, Formulae (1)
ΔL change in gauge length measured by the extensometer
and (B.4)
4.2 Classification
For the purposes of this document, a metallic material is classified according to its mechanical
properties by a Type number, of which there are six.
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Examples of the applications for which these Types are intended are as follows:
— Type 0: intended for low stress bearing single-tooth fixed prostheses, for example, small veneered
one-surface inlays, veneered crowns;
NOTE 1 Metallic materials for metal-ceramic crowns produced by electroforming or sintering belong to
Type 0.
— Type 1: for low stress bearing single-tooth fixed prostheses, for example, veneered or unveneered
one-surface inlays, veneered crowns;
— Type 2: for single tooth fixed prostheses, for example, crowns or inlays without restriction on the
number of surfaces;
— Type 3: for multiple unit fixed prostheses;
— Type 4: for appliances with thin sections that are subject to very high forces, for example, removable
partial dentures, clasps, thin veneered single crowns, full arch fixed dental prostheses or those with
small cross-sections, bars, attachments, implant retained superstructures;
— Type 5: for appliances in which parts require the combination of high stiffness and proof stress, for
example, thin removable partial dentures, parts with thin cross-sections, clasps.
NOTE 2 The higher application type can include lower application types.
NOTE 3 Multiple-unit and full-arch, fixed dental prostheses are also referred to as bridges.
5 R equirements
5.1 Chemical c omposition
5.1.1 Reported composition
For all elements that are present in excess of mass fraction of 1,0 %, each constituent element shall be
declared by the manufacturer and shall be reported [see 10.1, a)] to a precision of a mass fraction of
0,1 %.
Any element that is present in excess of mass fraction of 0,1 %, and with a lower or equal mass fraction
of 1,0 %, shall be identified [see 10.1 a)] either by name or symbol.
If the metallic material contains less than or equal to a mass fraction of 0,1 % of a specified element
(other than one named in 5.2), it may be named as “free of" this specified element [see 10.1 p) and 10.4
j)].
If applicable, the name of the metallic base shall precede the words “-based metallic material for dental
restoration” or “-based casting alloy” or “-based metal-ceramic material”, as is appropriate.
5.1.2 Permitted deviation from the reported composition for elements
The permitted deviation of the reported composition for elements from the value stated on the package
or label or insert [see 10.1 a)] is given in Table 2.
ISO 22674:2022(E)
Table 2 — Permitted deviation from the reported composition for elements
Alloy Elemental content
1,0 % < w ≤ 20 % w > 20 %
Base-metal alloy maximum 1,0 % maximum 2,0 %
Silver-based and noble metal alloy maximum 0,5 % maximum 0,5 %
Key
w : mass fraction
5.2 Hazar dous elements
5.2.1 Hazardous elements
For the purposes of this document, the elements nickel, cadmium, beryllium and lead are designated to
be hazardous elements.
5.2.2 Limits for the hazardous elements
The metallic material shall not contain more than a mass fraction of 0,02 % of beryllium, cadmium or
lead.
Beryllium, cadmium or lead are neither alloying elements nor elements inherent to the manufacturing
process of titanium metallic materials. Apply the requirements of chemical composition of ISO 5832-2
and ISO 5832-3 to titanium metallic materials; beryllium, cadmium or lead do not need to be analysed.
5.2.3 Nickel
5.2.3.1 Manufactur er's reported nickel content and permitted deviation
If the metallic material contains more than a mass fraction of 0,1 % of nickel, this content shall be given
to an acc
...