SIST-TS CEN/TS 15404:2007

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of ash melting behaviour by using characteristic temperatures

This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of ash melting behaviour of all solid recovered fuels. It is primarily intended for use by laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of solid recovered fuels but is also applicable by authorities and inspection organisations.
NOTE   This Technical Specification is based on ISO 540:1995 and DIN 51730:1998.

Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Schmelzverhaltens der Asche bei Anwendung charakteristischer Temperaturen

Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la fusibilité des cendres

Trdno alternativno gorivo - Metode za določanje karakterističnih temperatur tališča pepela

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Sep-2010
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• Technical Committee: AGO - Refuse derived fuel
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 30-Sep-2010
• Due Date: 23-Oct-2010
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Mandate: M/325 - Mandate to CEN on Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF)
• Ref Project: CEN/TS 15404:2006 - Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of ash melting behaviour by using characteristic temperatures

Relations

• Replaced By: SIST-TP CEN/TR 15404:2010 - Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of ash melting behaviour by using characteristic temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15404:2007
01-marec-2007
7UGQRDOWHUQDWLYQRJRULYR0HWRGH]DGRORþDQMHNDUDNWHULVWLþQLKWHPSHUDWXUWDOLãþD
SHSHOD
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of ash melting behaviour by using
characteristic temperatures
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Schmelzverhaltens der
Asche bei Anwendung charakteristischer Temperaturen
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la fusibilité
des cendres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15404:2006
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15404:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15404
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
October 2006
ICS 75.160.10

English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of ash
melting behaviour by using characteristic temperatures
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung
détermination de la fusibilité des cendres des Schmelzverhaltens der Asche bei Anwendung
charakteristischer Temperaturen
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 March 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15404:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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CEN/TS 15404:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle.6
5 Reagents.6
6 Apparatus and auxiliary means.6
7 Test conditions .7
8 Calibration check.8
9 Preparation of the test piece .8
10 Procedure .8
11 Expression of test results.9
12 Precision.9
13 Test report .9
Bibliography .11

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CEN/TS 15404:2006 (E)
Foreword

This document (CEN/TS 15404:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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CEN/TS 15404:2006 (E)
Introduction
Ash melting is a complex process where also shrinkage, sintering and swelling can occur.
The test method specified in this Technical Specification provides information about fusion and melting
behaviour of the composite inorganic constituents of the fuel ash at high temperatures.
The test method is empirical. The ash used for the test is a homogeneous material, prepared from the fuel,
and the determination is performed at a controlled rate of heating in a controlled atmosphere. In contrast,
under full-scale conditions, the complex processes of combustion and fusion involve heterogeneous mixtures
of particles, variable heating rates and gas compositions.
The terms ash fusibility and ash softening are synonyms to ash melting.
4

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CEN/TS 15404:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of shrinking, deformation, hemisphere
and flow temperature for characterizing the ash melting behaviour of all solid recovered fuels. It is primarily
intended for use by laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of solid recovered fuels but is also
applicable by authorities and inspection organisations.
NOTE This Technical Specification is based on ISO 540:1995 and DIN 51730:1998.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Specification. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 15357:2006, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
CEN/TS 15403, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of ash content
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 15357:2006 and
the following apply.
3.1
shrinking temperature
ST
temperature at which shrinking of the test piece occurs. This temperature is defined as when the area of the
test piece falls below 95 % of the original test piece area at 550 °C
NOTE Shrinking can be due to liberation of carbon dioxide, volatile alkali compounds, and/or sintering.
3.2
deformation temperature
DT

temperature at which the first signs of roundings of the edges due to melting of the test piece occur
3.3
hemisphere temperature
HT

temperature at which the test piece forms approximately a hemisphere, i.e. when the height becomes equal to
half the base diameter
3.4
flow temperature
FT

temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which as half of the
height of the test piece at the hemisphere temperature
NOTE Half of the height of the test piece is defined due to frequently occurring bubbling effects. This is especially
important for automatic image evaluation. This definition is different to other standards.
5

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CEN/TS 15404:2006 (E)
4 Principle
A test piece made from the prepared ash is heated up with constant rate whereas the deformation is
continuously observed. The temperatures at which characteristic changes of the shape occur are recorded.
5 Reagents
5.1 Water, demineralised.
5.2 Dextrin, 100g/l solution: Dissolve 10 g of dextrin in 100 ml water.
5.3 Ethanol, with a purity of greater than 95 %.
5.4 Carbon dioxide.
5.5 Gas mixture, of carbon dioxide (5.4) and carbon monoxide: A volume fraction of 55 % to 65 % carbon
monoxide is mixed with a volume fraction of 35 % to 45 % carbon dioxide (5.4).
5.6 Gold wire, with a diameter of 0,5 mm or greater, or a gold plate, with a thickness of 0,5 mm to 1,0 mm,
a purity of at least 99,99 % and a certified melting point (e.g. 1 064 °C).
5.7 Nickel wire, with a diameter of 0,5 mm or greater, or a nickel plate, with a thickness of 0,5 mm to
1,0 mm, a purity of at least 99,9 % and a certified melting po
...