oSIST prEN 13200-10:2023
(Main)Spectator facilities - Part 10: Calculating of safe capacity in case of emergency
Spectator facilities - Part 10: Calculating of safe capacity in case of emergency
This European Standard specifies general characteristics regarding infrastructures of safety and emergency management in spectator facilities.
It specifies the method of calculating a safe capacity for the planning of the any event.
Zuschaueranlagen - Teil 10: Berechnung der Sicherheitskapazität im Notfall
Dieses Dokument legt allgemeine Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Sicherheits- und Notfallmanagement-Infrastrukturen in Zuschaueranlagen fest.
Es legt das Verfahren zur Berechnung einer sicheren Kapazität zur Planung von Veranstaltungen fest.
Installations pour spectateurs - Partie 10 : Calcul de la jauge de sécurité en cas d'urgence
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques générales concernant les infrastructures de management de la sécurité et des urgences dans les installations pour spectateurs.
Il spécifie la méthode de calcul de la jauge de sécurité pour la planification d’une manifestation.
Prostori za gledalce - 10. del: Izračun varne zmogljivosti v sili
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13200-10:2023
01-april-2023
Prostori za gledalce - 10. del: Izračun varne zmogljivosti v sili
Spectator facilities - Part 10: Calculating of safe capacity in case of emergency
Zuschaueranlagen - Teil 10: Berechnung der Sicherheitskapazität im Notfall
Installations pour spectateurs - Partie 10 : Calcul de la jauge de sécurité en cas
d'urgence
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13200-10
ICS:
91.040.10 Javne stavbe Public buildings
97.200.10 Gledališka, odrska in Theatre, stage and studio
studijska oprema ter delovne equipment
postaje
97.220.10 Športni objekti Sports facilities
oSIST prEN 13200-10:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13200-10
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2023
ICS 91.040.10; 97.200.10; 97.220.10
English Version
Spectator facilities - Part 10: Calculating of safe capacity in
case of emergency
Installations pour spectateurs - Partie 10 : Calcul de la Zuschaueranlagen - Teil 10: Berechnung der
jauge de sécurité en cas d'urgence Sicherheitskapazität im Notfall
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 315.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13200-10:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Characteristics . 7
4.1 Safe capacities . 7
4.2 Physical categorisation (P) factor . 7
4.3 Safety management categorisation (S) factor . 9
5 Calculating the safe capacity of a spectator facilities. 9
5.1 The importance of calculating a safe capacity . 9
5.2 Applying the capacity calculation . 10
5.3 Factors to be considered . 10
5.4 The P) and (S) factors . 11
5.5 Carrying out (P) and (S) factor assessments . 11
5.6 Seated accommodation – calculating the holding capacity . 12
5.7 Standing accommodation – calculation process . 12
5.8 Step 1 – calculating the available viewing area . 12
5.9 Step 2 – calculating the appropriate density . 13
5.10 Step 3 – calculating the holding capacity . 14
5.11 Step – 4 Entry capacity – measuring the rate of entry . 14
5.12 Step 5 – Exit Capacity . 14
5.13 Step – 6 Emergency Evacuation capacity . 15
5.14 Establishing the final capacity. 15
5.15 Overall capacities . 16
5.16 Pedestrian dynamic (crowd simulation) modelling for stadia . 16
5.17 Pedestrian dynamic modelling . 16
5.18 Use of pedestrian dynamic modelling . 16
5.19 Type of outputs to get from dynamic modelling . 17
5.20 Limitations of pedestrian dynamic modelling . 17
5.21 Difference between static and dynamic modelling . 18
5.22 Fan Zones . 19
5.23 Events on the Field of Play . 20
Annex A (informative) (P) and (S) factor indicative questions . 22
A.1 (S) Factor . 22
A.2 (P) Factor . 26
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13200-10:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 315
“Spectator facilities”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction
This document has been prepared in order to specify the general criteria for spectator safety
management.
Attention is drawn to the fact that in certain Countries additional/different requirements may be
applicable due to existing national regulations or equivalent.
This document starts from the Council of the European Union Resolution of 4 December 2006 and has
been prepared in order to specify the technical general criteria for the planning and safety of the
management in spectator facilities.
The principal objective of this document is to provide guidance on the assessment of how many
spectators can be safely accommodated within the viewing accommodation of spectator facilities used
for a sporting event.
The assessment to determine the safe capacity of spectator facilities is the most important step towards
the achievement of reasonable safety.
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1 Scope
This document specifies general characteristics regarding infrastructures of safety and emergency
management in spectator facilities.
It specifies the method of calculating a safe capacity for the planning of the any event. e.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13200 (all parts), Spectator facilities
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
activity area
area where the event takes place
3.2
barrier
any element of spectator facilities, permanent or temporary, intended to prevent people from falling,
and to retain, stop or guide people
Note 1 to entry: Types of barriers used at spectator facilities are further defined in EN 13200 "Spectator
Facilities".
3.3
circulation
free movement of spectators within spectator facilities
3.4
crush barrier
barrier which protects spectators from crushing, positioned in areas of standing accommodation
3.5
design capacity
total number of spectators for which a spectator facility or some division of a spectator facility (block or
sector) is designed
3.6
event
occurrence of a particular set of circumstances
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3.7
entry system
set of different types of entrances, linked to form a passage for spectators
3.8
exit
stairway, gangway, passageway, ramp, gateway, door, and all other means of passage used to leave the
spectator facilities and their accommodation
3.9
spectator facilities management
management will normally be either the owner or lessee of the spectator facilities, who may not
necessarily be the promoter of the event
3.10
(P) factor
term used for the assessment of the physical condition of an area of viewing accommodation
3.11
(S) factor
term used for the assessment of the safety management of an area of viewing accommodation
3.12
spectator accommodation
area of a spectator facilities or structure in the spectator facilities provided for the use of spectators;
including all circulation areas, concourses and the viewing accommodation
3.13
spectator facilities
place where sports or other competitive activities take place in the open air and where accommodation
has been provided for spectators, consisting of artificial structures or of natural structures artificially
modified for the purpose
3.14
infrastructure
basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation
3.15
safe capacity
number of people who can be safely accommodated in a specific space
3.16
risk assessment
overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation
3.17
risk analysis
systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk
3.18
risk
combination of the probability of an event and its consequence
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3.19
risk criteria
terms of reference by which the significance of risk is assessed
3.20
risk evaluation
process of comparing the estimated risk against given risk criteria to determine the significance of the
risk
4 Characteristics
4.1 Safe capacities
The most important condition for spectator facility safety is to set the maximum number of spectators
that may be accommodated. At spectator facilities, the safety management team should prescribe the
capacities for the premises as a whole and for each separate section of the viewing accommodation.
This standard provides guidance on how to determine the safe capacity within every kind of spectator
facilities. It emphasises that this capacity depends not merely on the available viewing accommodation
and the capacities of the entrances and exits, including the emergency exit capacity, but on the physical
condition (the (P) factor) and the quality of the safety management (the (S) factor) of the spectator
facilities. The safe capacity of a seated stand may be lower than the number of seats within it.
Another important aspect of the process is the type of event. Ground management will be used to
preparing for all the issues presented by the usual activity or event at the spectator facilities. However,
it needs to be recognised that different events will have their own unique circumstances, requirements
or audience profile. Where another sport or different event, such as a musical performance, is planned,
the additional considerations will include the possible requirement for a special safety certificate plus
new contingency plans or appropriate alterations to the existing plans.
The management of the spectator facilities should take responsibility for assessing the (P) and (S)
factors and calculating the safe capacity. These should take account of all the recommendations in this
standard, not merely those with which the spectator facilities already comply. The (S) factor and to a
lesser extent the (P) factor will reflect the operations manual and its underlying risk assessments (see
EN 13200-8 Spectator facilities - Part 8: Safety Management). The Authority issuing the safety
certificate should be satisfied that the proposed (P) and (S) factors are reasonable and that the
methodology and calculations are correct.
In calculating the permitted capacity, the spectator facilities management should set a single (P) factor
and a single (S) factor for each separate area of the spectator facilities. It should then use whichever is
lower to determine the capacity of that area. It should neither multiply the two factors by each other
nor adopt the average. Both these approaches would distort the final figure.
4.2 Physical categorisation (P) factor
4.2.1 General
It is the responsibility of management to assess the (P) factor for each section of viewing facilities. An
important indicator to be used when determining the (P) factor is the standard of spectator facilities
maintenance (see EN 13200-8 Spectator facilities - Part 8: Safety Management).
If all structures, installations and safety-related components at the spectator facilities are maintained in
good condition and working order, a (P) factor of 1,0 should be applied.
Where there are deficiencies, the (P) factor should be reduced accordingly.
If appropriate, the (P) factor could be set as low as 0,0, and therefore the capacity of the area in question
will be zero.
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It is imperative therefore that maintenance procedures for both new and existing structures are
properly understood. It is further recommended that a system of planned maintenance be adopted.
Where necessary professional advice on this matter should be sought from competent persons.
It is also essential that maintenance is carried out in accordance with the written instructions provided
by the designer or manufacturer.
For new construction, the provision of operating and maintenance manuals detailing the expected life
cycles of components should be a necessary part of the completion of any new project. This is
notwithstanding any separate tests and inspection periods which may be recommended below or form
part of the annual inspection.
The maintenance of new structures may be equally, or even more onerous than that of existing
structures. Management should be aware that the provision of a new structure does not reduce its
responsibility for the maintenance of a safe structure.
A planned preventative maintenance schedule and its implementation demonstrate that the
management is taking its responsibilities for maintenance seriously.
Good housekeeping is a fundamental part of fostering and maintaining a safety culture at the spectator
facilities.
Management should therefore demonstrate a positive attitude in this respect, and in doing so,
encourage a conscientious, co-operative and vigilant attitude among all members of staff.
In particular, all staff must identify and report to management at an early stage any problem which
might compromise safety, be it relating to the structures at the spectator facilities, their systems,
facilities or equipment.
Their efforts and, if appropriate, suggestions, should always be acknowledged, and they should be
informed of any resultant remedial action.
A positive attitude towards good housekeeping should also be communicated to visiting personnel and
outside contractors.
4.2.2 Structures and installations
All structures at spectator facilities should be safe, serviceable and durable at all times during their use,
and where necessary, fire-resistant. They should comply with statutory requirements, including those
for health and safety at work.
In order to be safe, a structure should be capable of resisting all loads in service (including sporting and
non-sporting use) with an adequate reserve of strength and without motion that would cause alarm to
people on or in the structure.
Specialist advice from a competent engineer should be sought to assess the adequacy of all load-bearing
elements in spectator facilities.
Designers should pay particular attention both to minimising the risk of progressive or
disproportionate collapse from unforeseen incidents, and to the dynamic response of structures. In
doing so, designers should:
a) Systematically assess conceivable hazards to structures and design the structures to be stable and
robust in the light of a risk assessment.
b) Adopt structural forms which minimise the effects of the hazards identified.
c) Provide spectator facilities management with manuals which define the key elements and
components of the structure requiring regular inspection and maintenance.
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4.2.3 Structural dynamics for permanent structures
In addition to the ability to resist static loading, structures at spectator facilities may also need to resist
dynamic loading. Permanent structures particularly sensitive to dynamic loading include those with
long spanning or cantilevered seating decks.
4.3 Safety management categorisation (S) factor
The assessment of a spectator facilities capacity should take into account the quality of safety
management that is the (S) factor. An important indicator to be used when determining the (S) factor is
the standard to which the safety management structure, as outlined in this chapter, is implemented.
For example, it is not enough to have a written safety policy for spectators. That policy must be fully
implemented and understood by all staff. Similarly, a safety officer may have a detailed job description,
but may fail to meet its requirements on event days.
Contingency plans may have been drawn up, but never tested.
If all the management’s safety-related responsibilities are fully met, and the stewarding is of a high
standard, an (S) factor of 1,0 should be applied.
Where there are deficiencies in any aspect of the safety management, the (S) factor should be reduced
accordingly. If appropriate, the (S) factor could be set as low as 0,0, and therefore the capacity of the
area in question will be zero.
Management should therefore be aware, that where a safety certificate is in force, its own performance
in safety-related matters will have a direct effect on the calculation of the spectator facilities capacity.
Adverse weather conditions could affect both the (P) or (S) factors.
5 Calculating the safe capacity of a spectator facilities
5.1 The importance of calculating a safe capacity
The purpose of this chapter is to outline the main factors which must be considered in making an
assessment, leading to a calculation of the final safe capacity of each section of the spectator facilities.
Clearly the assessments made will differ according to the unique spectator facilities and to the type of
spectator accommodation being assessed; primarily whether it is for seated or standing
accommodation. But the factors to be applied in each case are the same for every spectator facilities,
regardless of the sport being staged.
To further illustrate the methods of assessment and calculation, worked examples are also provided in
Annex A. However, the details of each step can only be fully understood by a thorough reading of the
whole EN 13200 (All parts).
The assessment and calculation process will require properly detailed plans of the spectator facilities,
where practical drawn to a scale of 1:200. Wherever possible the physical dimensions should be
verified on site.
At the majority of spectator facilities, the capacities of each section will be added to establish the final
capacity of the spectator facilities as a whole. However, as explained in EN 13200-8 Spectator facilities -
Part 8: Safety Management, there are certain spectator facilities including, for example, those staging
horse racing or golfing events where it may be difficult to calculate the overall capacity of the whole
spectator facilities. In such cases, however, the final capacities of individual sections of viewing
accommodation must still be calculated and occupation levels of all areas determined so that, where
necessary, numbers are controlled to ensure they do not compromise safety.
Management must undertake a series of risk assessments (see EN 13200-8 Spectator facilities - Part 8:
Safety Management). These must be taken into account when assessing the (P) and (S) factors.
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5.2 Applying the capacity calculation
Once the final capacity of a section or of the whole spectator facilities is determined, in no
circumstances should a larger number of spectators be admitted.
If the final capacity is lower than the level management ideally requires, it can only be raised after the
necessary remedial work has been completed, and/or the quality of safety management improved, and
the area in question then re-assessed.
Similarly, if part of the spectator facilities is required to be closed, this must be done. It must not be re-
opened for spectator viewing for any reason until the necessary remedial work has been completed to
remove the deficiencies which led to its closure, and not before these measures have been approved by
the relevant authority.
5.3 Factors to be considered
The common factors which apply to both seated and standing accommodation can be summarised as
follows.
a) The entry capacity of the section
The entry capacity is the number of people who can pass through all the turnstiles and other entry
points serving the section, within a period of one hour. Historical data may be used to determine a
value.
b) The holding capacity of the section
This is the number of people that can be safely accommodated in each section.
In the case of seats, this will be determined by the actual number of seats, less any that cannot be used
safely owing to seriously restricted views or their inadequate condition (see EN 13200- 8 Spectator
facilities - Part 8: Safety Management) and an assessment of the (P) and (S) factors.
(P) and (S) factors are explained in EN 13200-8 Spectator facilities - Part 8: Safety Management.
In the case of a standing area, this will be determined by a number of features, including crush barrier
strengths and layouts (see EN 13200-3 Spectator facilities - Part 3: Separating elements -
Requirements), areas which offer restricted views, and a further assessment of both the (P) and
(S) factors.
c) The exit capacity of the section
This is the number of people that can safely exit from the viewing area of the section under normal
conditions.
d) The emergency evacuation capacity
This is determined by the emergency evacuation time, which is based largely on the level of risk of the
section and its associated emergency evacuation routes.
The emergency evacuation capacity is the number of people that can safely negotiate the emergency
evacuation routes and reach a place of safety within that set time.
e) The final capacity
Having established all the above figures, the final capacity of the section, and hence of the whole
spectator facilities, will be determined by whichever is the lowest figure arrived at for (a), (b),
(c) or (d).
Diagrams 2.1 and 2.2 summarise the main steps outlined above.
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5.4 The P) and (S) factors
In order to calculate the holding capacity (as defined in clause 5.3), each part of the spectator facilities
viewing accommodation should be assessed according to its physical condition. This assessment is
known as the (P) factor.
Similarly, each part of the spectator facilities viewing accommodation should be assessed according to
the quality of the safety management of that area. This assessment is known as the (S) factor.
To help in the assessment of the (P) and (S) factors, it is recommended that each should be given a
numerical value. This value should be quantified as a factor of between 0.0 and 1.0, as the following
examples indicate:
a) Where the physical condition of the accommodation is of a high standard, a (P) factor of 1.0 should
be applied.
b) Where the physical condition is extremely poor, a factor of 0.0 should be applied. As explained
below, this would have the effect of imposing a zero capacity on the area assessed.
c) An intermediate assessment might result in, for example, a (P) factor of 0.6, or perhaps an (S) factor
of 0.8.
While recognising that it is difficult to place specific numerical values on such assessments, it is
nevertheless essential and inevitable that some form of quantified assessment be made. It may also be
noted that this form of assessment is now widely used in other safety related fields.
Owing to the wide variation of conditions and facilities to be found at spectator facilities, this Technical
Report does not seek to place specific values on any of the elements that are likely to be considered
when assessing (P) and (S) factors. This is because the assessments should not aim to create a
cumulative scoring system in which values for individual elements are simply added together.
Instead, the assessment should reflect a considered and reasonable overall judgement of the physical
condition or safety management of the area in question, taking full account of all circumstances and the
wider guidance in this document.
The (P) and (S) factors should be reassessed annually and when there is a physical alteration to the
spectator facilities or a change in the nature of the event, safety management structure or personnel.
Where a safety certificate is in force the reassessment should be agreed with the responsible authority.
5.5 Carrying out (P) and (S) factor assessments
It is the responsibility of spectator facilities management to ensure that (P) and (S) factors are assessed
and, where a safety certificate is in force, that those assessments are agreed in consultation with the
responsible authority.
It is recommended that (P) and (S) factors should be assessed by competent persons with knowledge
and
...
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