SIST EN 13445-10:2021

Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys

This Part 10 of this document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of nickel and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445-1:2019, EN 13445-2:2019, EN 13445-3:2019, EN 13445-4:2019 and EN 13445-5:2019.
NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this document.

Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus Nickel und Nickellegierungen

Dieser Teil 10 der Europäischen Norm legt zusätzlich zu den allgemeinen Anforderungen an unbefeuerte Druckbehälter nach EN 13445-1:2021, EN 13445-2:2021, EN 13445-3:2021, EN 13445-4:2021 und
EN 13445-5:2021 Anforderungen an aus Nickel und Nickellegierungen (siehe 3.1) hergestellte unbefeuerte Druckbehälter und deren Bauteile fest.
ANMERKUNG   Gusswerkstoffe sind in der vorliegenden Fassung nicht enthalten. Angaben zu Gusswerkstoffen werden in einer Änderung dieser Europäischen Norm erfasst.

Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 10: Exigences complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel

Nekurjene tlačne posode - 10. del: Dodatne zahteve za tlačne posode iz niklja in nikljevih zlitin

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Aug-2021
• ICS: 23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
• ICS: 23.020.32 - Pressure vessels
• ICS: 77.150.40 - Nickel and chromium products
• Technical Committee: TLP - Pressure vessels
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 29-Jun-2021
• Due Date: 03-Sep-2021
• Completion Date: 20-Aug-2021
• Directive: 2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Ref Project: EN 13445-10:2021 - Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys

Relations

• Consolidates: SIST EN 13445-10:2016/oprA1:2019 - Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2021
• Replaces: SIST EN 13445-10:2016 - Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13445-10:2021
01-september-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13445-10:2016
Nekurjene tlačne posode - 10. del: Dodatne zahteve za tlačne posode iz niklja in
nikljevih zlitin
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of nickel
and nickel alloys
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus
Nickel und Nickellegierungen
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 10: Exigences
complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-10:2021
ICS:
23.020.32 Tlačne posode Pressure vessels
77.150.40 Nikljevi in kromovi izdelki Nickel and chromium
products
SIST EN 13445-10:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 13445-10:2021

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SIST EN 13445-10:2021


EN 13445-10
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

May 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.020.30 Supersedes EN 13445-10:2015
English Version

Unfired pressure vessels - Part 10: Additional
requirements for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel
alloys
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 10: Zusätzliche
Partie 10: Exigences complémentaires pour les Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus Nickel und
récipients sous pression en nickel et alliages de nickel Nickellegierungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 February 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-10:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 13445-10:2021
EN 13445-10:2021
Issue 1 (2021-05)
Contents
Page
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 General information . 6
5 Materials . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Material grouping system . 6
5.3 Material documentation . 6
5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture . 6
6 Design . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Time-independent nominal design stress . 7
6.3 Creep design . 8
6.4 Shells under external pressure . 8
6.5 Fatigue design . 8
7 Manufacture . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR) . 9
7.4 Joint preparation . 9
7.5 Preheat . 10
7.6 Production test, reference criteria . 10
7.7 Extent of testing . 10
7.8 Performance of test and acceptance criteria . 10
7.9 Forming procedures . 10
7.9.1 Cold forming . 10
7.9.2 Hot forming . 11
7.10 Heat treatment after forming . 11
7.10.1 General . 11
7.10.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming . 11
7.10.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming . 11
7.10.4 Heat treatment after hot forming . 12
7.11 Sampling of formed products . 12
7.11.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment . 12
7.11.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment . 12
7.12 Tests . 13
7.12.1 Base material . 13
7.12.2 Butt welds . 13
7.13 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) . 13
7.14 Repairs . 13
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8 Inspection and testing . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Non-destructive testing of welded joints . 14
8.2.1 General . 14
8.2.2 Demonstration of satisfactory experience for testing group 2 . 14
8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing. 15
8.4 Selection of non destructive testing methods for surface imperfections . 19
8.5 Standard hydrostatic test . 19
Annex A (normative) . 20
Annex B (informative) Designations of some nickel alloys . 22
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU . 27



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European foreword
This document (EN 13445-10:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure
vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13445-10:2015.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
list of all parts in the EN 13445 series can be found on the CEN website.
Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognised that the Parts are inter-dependant.
As such the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels requires the application of all the relevant Parts in order
for the requirements of the Standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled.
Corrections to the standard interpretations where several options seem possible are conducted through the
Migration Help Desk (MHD). Information related to the Help Desk can be found at http://www.unm.fr
([e-mail]). A form for submitting questions can be downloaded from the link to the MHD website.
After subject experts have agreed an answer, the answer will be communicated to the questioner. Corrected
pages will be given specific issue number and issued by CEN according to CEN Rules. Interpretation sheets will
be posted on the website of the MHD.
Amendments to this new edition may be issued from time to time and then used immediately as alternatives to
rules contained herein. It is intended to deliver a new Issue of EN 13445:2021 each year, starting with the
precedent as Issue 1, consolidating these Amendments and including other identified corrections.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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1 Scope
This Part 10 of this document specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of nickel
and nickel alloys (see 3.1) in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445-
1:2021, EN 13445-2:2021, EN 13445-3:2021, EN 13445-4:2021 and EN 13445-5:2021.
NOTE Cast materials are not included in this version. Details regarding cast materials will be subject to an amendment
to or a revision of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 764-5:2014, Pressure equipment — Part 5: Inspection documentation of metallic materials and compliance
with the material specification
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN 13445-1:2021 Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General
EN 13445-2: 2021 Unfired pressure vessels — Part 2: Materials
EN 13445-3:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design
EN 13445-4:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication
EN 13445-5:2021, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing
EN ISO 9606-4:1999, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 4: Nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 9606-
4:1999)
EN ISO 14732. 2013, Welding personnel — Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for
mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials (ISO 14732:2013)
CEN ISO/TR 15608:2013, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2013)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13445-1:2021, EN 13445-2:2021, EN
13445-3:2021, EN 13445-4:2021 and EN 13445-5:2021 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
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3.1
nickel alloys
those alloys which contain a minimum of 30 % nickel and contain more nickel than iron
4 General information
The general information given in EN 13445-1:2021 on the scope of the standard as well as terms, definitions,
quantities, symbols and units shall apply.
5 Materials
5.1 General
The general requirements of EN 13445-2:2021 shall apply with the following additions/exclusions in 5.2 – 5.4.
There are presently no European Standards specifically for nickel or nickel alloys for pressure purposes.
However, some materials in Table A.2 can also be classified as stainless steels and are included in some
harmonised standards. This part 10 of EN 13445 is therefore limited to European Approval of Materials (EAM)
or the use of Particular Materials Appraisal (PMA). except when materials are sourced in accordance with a
Harmonised standard.
All materials shall meet the requirements in 5.1 to 5.4 of this part 10 of EN 13445.
5.2 Material grouping system
Annex A of EN 13445-2:2021 is not applicable to pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys and is replaced by
Annex A of this part 10 of EN 13445.
The grouping system for nickel and its alloys is shown in Table A.1 of this part 10 of EN 13445.
Only material having a minimum elongation after fracture greater than 25 % shall be used for construction of
pressure vessels.
Materials which have mechanical properties enhanced by precipitation hardening are excluded from this part
of EN 13445, unless they are to be used for bolting applications.
5.3 Material documentation
Materials for pressure bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this document shall be accompanied
by inspection documentation in accordance with EN 10204:2004.
The type of inspection document shall be in accordance with EN 764-5:2014 and include a declaration of
compliance to the material specification.
5.4 Prevention of brittle fracture
There are no general requirements for nickel and nickel alloys at temperatures down to −196 °C. However, the
specific requirements of individual EAMs/PMAs shall be taken into account.
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6 Design
6.1 General
All the design methods included in EN 13445-3:2021 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in 6.2
– 6.5.
The physical properties of nickel and nickel alloys may be based upon the technical data available for the
types/grades of material listed in Annex B and agreed with the material manufacturer based on the properties
in the PMA used in the design except where guaranteed properties are available in harmonised standards
6.2 Time-independent nominal design stress
The design methods included in EN 13445 3:2021, Clauses 5, 7 to 21, Annexes A,E,F,G,J,P and Q shall apply.
The design stress for nickel and nickel alloy materials entering service without any subsequent heat treatment
shall be evaluated in accordance with Table 6.2-1.
If any material is subjected to subsequent heat treatment (for example, in the manufacture of dished ends)
representative material test coupons shall be heat treated with the components and subjected to the same
mechanical tests as used to certify the material at the manufacturer’s works. The nominal design stress shall
then be calculated in accordance with Table 6.2-1. If this design stress is lower than that used in the original
calculations, the design of that component and any other related components shall be repeated using the
nominal design stress derived from the properties of the heat treated material.
For designs using nickel and nickel alloys attention is drawn to the effect of heat treatment on the materials,
and care should therefore be taken when determining the thickness of the materials that will receive
subsequent heat treatments during manufacture.
Table 6.2–1 — Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for nickel and nickel alloy
materials for pressure parts
Minimum specified Design stress for normal operating load Design stress for testing
elongation after fracture cases and exceptional load cases
(A) (%)
(MPa) (MPa)
A > 35
R
R  
R
p1,0/T
p1,0/T
m/T test
f = min ; f =
 
d  test

1,2 3 1,05
  

30 < A ≤ 35
R R
   
p1,0/T p1,0/T
test
f = f =
d   test  

1,5 1,05
   

A ≤ 30
R
R 
 R 
p0,2/T
p0,2/T
m/20 test
f = min ; f =

d   test

1,5 2,4 1,05
 


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6.3 Creep design
Where sufficient material data is available, creep design may be applied to nickel and nickel alloys using the
formulae and approach in Clause 19 of EN 13445-3:2021.
6.4 Shells under external pressure
The requirements in Clause 8 of EN 13445-3:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
In EN 13445-3:2021, 8.4, for shells made in nickel or nickel alloys, the nominal elastic limit shall be given by:
R
p0,2/T
σ =
e
1,25

and for stiffeners in the same material by:
R
p0,2/T,s
σ =
es
1,25

6.5 Fatigue design
For loads up to 500 equivalent full pressure cycles no fatigue analysis is required. Above 500 cycles the
requirements of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
The application of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2021 (see 17.4.4 of EN 13445-3:2021) to nickel and nickel alloys
shall be limited to temperatures not exceeding 450 °C.
The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance (see 17.6.2.2 of
EN 13445-3: 2021) is:
For T* ≥ 100 °C:
−4 −7 2
C =1,0164−1,4×10 T *−2,4×10 (T *)
t

The requirements of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
The application of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2021 (see 18.4.3 of EN 13445-3:2021) to nickel and nickel alloys
shall be limited to temperatures not exceeding 450 °C.
The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance, f (see 18.10.6.2 of
T*
EN 13445-3:2021) is given by:
2
−4 −7
f =1,0164−1,4×10 T *−2,4×10 (T *)
T*

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7 Manufacture
7.1 General
EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in 7.2 – 7.14.
NOTE 1 Not all welding processes are suitable for all nickel alloys.
NOTE 2 Welding consumables may be selected from EN ISO 14172:2015 and EN ISO 18274:2010.
7.2 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR)
The requirements of 8.3 of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
a) Annex B of EN 13445-2:2021 shall not apply.
b) Impact testing is not normally required for pressure vessels of nickel and nickel alloys at temperatures
down to −196 °C except for alloys in group 47.
c) For nickel alloys in group 47 when the design temperature is below −105 °C, impact testing shall be carried
out at and shall meet a minimum of 40 Joules when tested at −196 °C on the weld metal and heat affected
zone of the WPQR.
7.3 Qualification of welders and welding operators
The requirements in 8.4 of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
Replace reference to EN ISO 9606-1 2017 with EN ISO 9606-4:1999. For pressure vessels in the categories II,
III and IV the examiner/ examining body shall be a notified body or recognised third party organisation
7.4 Joint preparation
In addition to the requirements of 8.6 in EN 13445-4:2021 the following shall apply for pressure vessels of
nickel and its alloys:
a) the edges of plates that have been thermally cut shall be dressed back by machining or grinding for a
minimum distance of 1,5 mm to remove damaged material;
NOTE Nickel and nickel alloys are not subject to hardening by thermal cutting.
b) for plates less than 20 mm thickness cold shearing is permissible, provided that the cut edges are dressed
back mechanically by not less than 1,5 mm to permit a satisfactory examination of the edges prior to
welding;
c) plates less than 10 mm thick, which are cold sheared, need not be dressed prior to welding.
d) coated parts shall be free of coating products for a minimum distance of 50 mm from the edge of the weld
preparation, in order that the coating does not interfere with the welding process, and to safeguard the
coating itself;
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e) after welding, the welded areas shall be cleaned, and any residues, slag, spatter, etc. shall be removed.
7.5 Preheat
Preheating is not normally necessary for nickel and nickel alloys.
When the metal temperature is less than 5 °C, heat should be applied to a maximum temperature of 75 °C to
remove condensation.
7.6 Production test, reference criteria
The requirements in 9.2 of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
The requirements for impact testing of production control test plates are not applicable to nickel and its alloys;
9.2 a) of EN 13445-4:2021 is not applicable.
Production control test plates for nickel and nickel alloys vessels shall be carried out in accordance with 9.2 d)
of EN 13445-4:2021.
7.7 Extent of testing
The requirements of 9.3 of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply with the following modifications:
Table 9.3-1 shall be replaced by Table 7.7-1 below:
Table 7.7–1 — Testing of production test plates
a b
Material Group Thickness of test plate e Test specimens
mm
All e ≤ 12 1 FB, 1 RB, 1 TT, 1 Ma, 1 Mi
c
12 < e 2 SB , 1 TT, 1Ma, 1Mi

a
Thinner plate thickness.
b
The symbols for Table 7.7–1 are given in Table 9.3–2 of EN 13445–4:2021.
c
SB = side bends
7.8 Performance of test and acceptance criteria
The requirements in 9.4.1, 9.4.2, 9.4.3, 9.4.5, 9.4.6, 9.4.7, 9.4.9 and 9.4.10 of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply.
7.9 Forming procedures
7.9.1 Cold forming
Cold forming of nickel and nickel alloy materials shall be carried out at temperatures below 300 °C. It is
preferable that nickel and nickel alloys are cold formed whenever possible.
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7.9.2 Hot forming
The requirements in 10.3.2 of EN 13445-4:2021 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel and
nickel alloys.
Hot forming of nickel and nickel alloy materials shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations such that grain boundary liquation and overheating is avoided.
The material shall be heated uniformly without flame impingement.
NOTE Most fuels may be used provided that detrimental impurities, such as sulphur, are kept at low levels.
Nickel and nickel alloys shall be cleaned before heating.
Embrittlement by low melting point metals such as sulphur, phosphorus, lead, zinc and their alloys can occur
from marking materials, die lubricants, pickling liquids, and any waste products encountered during the
manufacturing process. Care should be taken to avoid contact with any foreign substances which may be taken
into the surface of the material at elevated temperatures
7.10 Heat treatment after forming
7.10.1 General
Heat treatment after hot or cold forming shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 7.10.2,
7.10.3 or 7.10.4.
7.10.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming
The requirements of 10.4.2 of EN 13445-4:2021 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel and
nickel alloys.
Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming shall be carried out in accordance with the material
manufacturer's recommendations, when required by Table 7.10-1.
Table 7.10–1 — Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming
Material groups Ratio of deformation F Heat treatment

41 F ≤ 10 % No
41 F > 10 % Yes, annealing
42–48 F ≤ 5 % No
42–48 F > 5 % Yes, annealing
7.10.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming
The requirements of 10.4.3 of EN 13445-4:2021 are not applicable for pressure vessels made of nickel and
nickel alloys.
Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming shall be carried out in accordance with the material
manufacturer's recommendations, when required by Table 7.10-2.
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Table 7.10–2 — Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming
Material groups Bending radius for the tube Heat treatment
R
41 R ≥ 1,3 D No
e
41 R < 1,3 De Yes, annealing
42–48 R ≥ 2,5 De No
42–48 R < 2,5 D Yes, annealing
e
NOTE It should be noted that the degree of deformation at a bending radius of 1,3 D exceeds 5 %.
e

7.10.4 Heat treatment after hot forming
The requirements of 10.4.5 and 10.4.6 of EN 13445-4:2021 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of nickel
and nickel alloys.
Heat treatment of nickel and nickel alloys is required after hot forming; this shall be carried out in accordance
with the material manufacturer's recommendations.
7.11 Sampling of formed products
7.11.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment
The requirements of 10.5.1 of EN 13445-4:2021 are not applicable to pressure vessels made of nickel and nickel
alloys.
If heat treatment is not required by Table 7.10-1 or Table 7.10-2 after cold forming of plates or tu
...