oSIST prEN 1078:2023
(Main)Helmets for cyclists
Helmets for cyclists
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for helmets worn by users of cycles and other equipment for transport with similar hazards, for example skateboards, roller skates and kick scooters.
Requirements and the corresponding methods of test are given for the following:
- construction, including field of vision;
- shock absorbing properties;
- retention system properties, including chin strap and fastening devices;
- marking and information.
This standard is not applicable for helmets for young children to be used when there is a risk of strangulation.
Helme für Radfahrer
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für Helme fest, die durch Benutzer von Fahrrä
dern und anderen Fortbewegungsgeräten mit ähnlichen Gefährdungen, z.B. Skateboards, Rollschuhe und Kick-Scooter, getragen werden.
Die Anforderungen und die entsprechenden Prüfverfahren beziehen sich auf folgende Punkte:
—
Konstruktion, einschließlich Sichtfeld;
—
stoßdämpfende Eigenschaften;
—
Eigenschaften der Trageeinrichtung, einschließlich Kinnriemen, und Befestigungsvorrichtungen;
—
Kennzeichnung und Information.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für Helme für Kleinkinder für die Verwendung in Situationen, in denen ein Risiko besteht, sich zu strangulieren.
Casques pour cyclistes
Le présent document spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d'essai pour les casques portés par les utilisateurs de cycles et d'autres équipements de transport présentant des dangers similaires, par exemple les planches à roulettes, les patins à roulettes et les trottinettes.
Les exigences et les méthodes d'essai correspondantes couvrent les aspects suivants :
— construction, y compris le champ de vision ;
— propriétés en matière d'absorption des chocs ;
— caractéristiques du système de rétention, y compris la jugulaire et les dispositifs de serrage ;
— marquage et informations.
Le présent document n'est pas applicable aux casques pour jeunes enfants à utiliser lorsqu'il existe un risque de strangulation.
Čelade za kolesarje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1078:2023
01-april-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1078:2012+A1:2012
Čelade za kolesarje
Helmets for cyclists
Helme für Radfahrer
Casques pour cyclistes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1078
ICS:
13.340.20 Varovalna oprema za glavo Head protective equipment
97.220.40 Oprema za športe na Outdoor and water sports
prostem in vodne športe equipment
oSIST prEN 1078:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1078:2023
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oSIST prEN 1078:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1078
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2023
ICS 13.340.20 Will supersede EN 1078:2012+A1:2012
English Version
Helmets for cyclists
Casques pour cyclistes Helme für Radfahrer
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 158.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMU N G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1078:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1078:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Requirements . 7
4.1 Materials innocuousness. 7
4.2 Construction . 8
4.3 Field of vision . 8
4.4 Shock absorbing capacity . 10
4.5 Durability . 10
4.6 Retention system . 10
4.7 Accessories and non-integral additional protective devices . 11
4.8 Marking and information . 11
5 Test methods . 11
5.1 General. 11
5.2 Verifying materials innocuousness and construction . 13
5.3 Determination of shock absorbing capacity . 14
5.4 Determination of retention system strength and ease of release . 21
5.5 Determination of retention system effectiveness . 24
5.6 Determination of field of vision . 26
5.7 Test report . 26
6 Marking . 26
7 Information supplied by the manufacturer . 27
Annex A (informative) Alternative procedure for artificial ageing . 28
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 9 March 2016 on personal protective equipment aimed to be covered . 29
Bibliography . 31
2
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prEN 1078:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 1078:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 158 “Head
protection”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1078:2012+A1:2012.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— In this revision we analysed different hazards related to head impact situations for cyclists and the
most common risks associated with them.
— Requirements for rotational shock absorption at impacts are added;
— Normative reference to test method for impacts with a tangential component has been included;
— Inclusion head injury criteria;
— The impact speeds used in the different tests are based on available information in literature and risk
analysis;
— Inclusion of a method to evaluate the impact protection of a chin guard.
The standard has been prepared under the standardization request M/571 given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of Regulation
(EU) 2016/425.
For relationship with EU Regulation (EU) 2016/425, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part
of this document.
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prEN 1078:2023 (E)
Introduction
This document specifies the requirements for protective headwear for use in cycle, skateboard, roller
skates, kick scooter and similar activities.
The requirements in this document are concerned with the performance of a helmet to reduce the risk of
injury to the skull, brain and part of the head within the specified area of protection. Performance levels
and test methods are based upon proven methods of test and technical criteria and enhanced by data
from expert sources in the field of head protection.
Wearers need to be made aware that the protection given by a helmet depends on the circumstances of
the accident and wearing of a helmet cannot always prevent injury, death or disability.
Cycle related activities can result in a broad spectrum of accident situations. Most accident statistics
relates to cycle accidents and less is written about the accident situation for other activities such as
skateboard, roller skates and kick scooters. Depending on the cycle accident situation the helmet and
head can be loaded in compression and also with a tangential force leading to rotation of the helmet and
head. The most common cycle accident for adult cyclists are single accidents to the ground and
interactions with cars. For recreational cyclists the impact surface can alter from asphalt, gravel and other
impact surfaces in mountain cycle related situations. The impact speed also differs a lot from commuting
to road cycle situation. To capture the overall accident situation, the test methods defined in this
document are designed to take as many aspects as possible into account without restricting the usability
of the helmet.
A proportion of the energy of an impact is absorbed by the helmet, thereby reducing the force of the blow
sustained by the head. The structure of the helmet can be damaged in absorbing this energy.
At the time this document was prepared, no standardized method for measuring the ventilating capacity
of a helmet was recognized. For that reason no requirements concerning ventilation or heat transmission
have been introduced. Manufacturers of helmets are urged to design their helmets to encourage a flow of
air over the wearer's head.
Helmets for users of cycles and other equipment for transport with similar hazards, for example
skateboards, roller skates and kick scooters are fitted with a retention system to retain the helmet on the
head. However, there can be a foreseeable risk that helmets of young children could become trapped and
thereby cause a risk of strangulation of the child. In such cases an impact protection helmet for young
children (see EN 1080) should be used.
4
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prEN 1078:2023 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and test methods for helmets worn by users of cycles and other
equipment for transport with similar hazards, for example skateboards, roller skates and kick scooters.
Requirements and the corresponding methods of test are given for the following:
— construction, including field of vision;
— shock absorbing properties;
— retention system properties, including chin strap and fastening devices;
— marking and information.
This document is not applicable for helmets for young children to be used when there is a risk of
strangulation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 960:2006, Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets
EN ISO 13688:2013, Protective clothing - General requirements (ISO 13688:2013)
ISO 6487:2015, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
prEN 17950:2023, Protective helmets — Test methods — Shock absorption including measuring rotational
kinematics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
protective helmet
item to be worn on the head and intended to absorb the energy of an impact, thus reducing the risk of
injury to the head
3.2
helmet type
category of helmets which does not differ in such essential respects as the materials or dimensions or
construction of the helmet, of the retention system (3.4) or of the protective padding (3.3.1)
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3.3
padding
3.3.1
protective padding
material used to absorb impact energy
3.3.2
sizing padding
lining material used for adjustment of the helmet size
3.4
retention system
complete assembly by means of which the helmet is maintained in position on the head including any
devices for adjustment of the system, sizing or to enhance the wearer's comfort
3.5
chin strap
part of the retention system (3.4) consisting of a strap that passes under the wearer's jaw to keep the
helmet in position
3.6
basic plane
for a given headform, horizontal plane located at a vertical distance ‘x’ below and parallel to the reference
plane (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: This corresponds to the basic plane of the human head being the longitudinal plane which passes
through the lower level of the eye orbits and the upper level of the external opening of the ear canals.
[SOURCE: EN 960:2006, 2.10]
3.7
reference plane
construction plane parallel to the basic plane (3.6) at a distance from it which is a function of the size of
the headform
Note 1 to entry: All horizontal datum levels are quoted relative to this plane.
[SOURCE: EN 960:2006, 2.5]
3.8
test area
area of the helmet in which impact tests are conducted which corresponds to the minimum protected
area of the human head
6
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3.9
accessories
additional device(s) which can be attached to the helmet and are intended to be removable by the user,
but which provide no protective function to the wearer
EXAMPLE Helmet accessory can be a lamp, camera etc.
3.10
non-integral additional protective devices
additional protective device(s) supplied or recommended by the manufacturer which can be attached to
the helmet and intended to be removable by the user
EXAMPLE (sun)visors
3.11
protective lower face cover (chin guard)
detachable, movable or integral (permanently fixed) part of the helmet covering the lower part of the face
and intended to protect the chin of the user against impact
3.12
linear shock absorption
head protection towards direct head impact. Evaluated with a flat and kerbstone anvil
3.13
rotational shock absorption
head protection towards oblique head impact. Evaluated with an angled anvil
3.14
Pilz plane
plane on the headform angled 10°from the reference plane (3.7) at the rear of the head at the intersection
of the reference plane and the midsagittal plane
[SOURCE: prEN 17950:2023, 3.3]
4 Requirements
4.1 Materials innocuousness
The material requirements shall be verified during inspection in 5.2, by safety data sheets provided in
documents supplied by the manufacturer.
The material used shall not be subject to any known appreciable alteration from contact with sweat or
toiletries or cleaners recommended by the manufacturer.
The material used in those parts of the helmet coming, or that can come into contact with the skin, shall
not be known to cause skin disorders or other adverse effects on health in accordance with,
EN ISO 13688:2013, 4.2.
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4.2 Construction
There shall be no sharp edges, roughness or projection on any parts of the helmet which are in contact,
or potential contact, with the wearer, when the helmet is worn, such as is likely to cause injury to the
wearer.
The helmet shall withstand handling. The helmet shall be so designed and shaped that its parts, such as
visor, rivets, ventilators, edges, fastening device and the like, are not likely to injure the user in reasonably
foreseeable use.
4.3 Field of vision
When tested in accordance with 5.6 there shall be no occultation in the field of vision bounded by angles
as follows (see Figure 1):
a) horizontally: min. 105° from the longitudinal vertical median plane to the left and right hand sides;
b) upwards: min. 25° from the reference plane (3.7);
c) downwards: min. 45° from the basic plane (3.6).
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Dimensions in millimetres
a) Section of headform in longitudinal vertical plane
b) Section of headform in reference plane
Key
1 reference plane 4 back
2 basic plane 5 longitudinal vertical median plane
3 front 6 central transverse vertical plane
NOTE 1 Longitudinal vertical median plane – equivalent to EN 960:2006, 2.8 “vertical longitudinal plane”.
NOTE 2 Central transverse vertical plane – equivalent to EN 960:2006, 2.9 “vertical transverse plane”.
Figure 1 — Field of vision
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4.4 Shock absorbing capacity
4.4.1 General
The helmet shall have a means of absorbing impact energy.
When tested in accordance with 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 the peak linear acceleration shall not exceed 250g and
the peak angular velocity shall not exceed 35 rad/s.
4.4.2 Linear shock absorption
The helmet shall give linear shock absorption (3.12) to the forehead, rear, sides, temples, crown and, if
equipped with a protective lower face cover, the chin of the head.
+0,1
m/s on the flat anvil and
When tested in accordance with 5.3.1, the velocity shall be 5,42 m/s
0
+0,1
4,57 m/s m/s on the kerbstone anvil. In case a helmet is equipped with a protective lower face cover,
0
+0,1
the helmet is tested for a velocity of 4,57 m/s m/s on the flat anvil.
0
NOTE These are theoretically equivalent to 1 497 mm and 1 064 mm drop heights respectively.
4.4.3 Rotational protection
The helmet shall give rotational protection along X, Y and Z head rotation (See Figure 5 and 6).
+0,1
When tested in accordance with 5.3.2, the velocity shall be 6,50 m/s m/s on the oblique anvil.
0
NOTE This is theoretically equivalent to 2153 mm drop height.
4.5 Durability
The helmet shall be inspected according to 5.2.2 to not exhibit damage that could cause significant injury
to the wearer's head when the helmet is worn (internal sharp edges, points) after being tested according
to 5.3.
4.6 Retention system
4.6.1 General
All parts of the retention system (3.4) shall be securely attached to the system or to the helmet, so it could
not be removed or detached during its use and verified in 5.4 and 5.5.
The retention system shall remain fastened, and the helmet shall remain on the headform when tested
according to 5.3.
4.6.2 Chin strap
The chin strap (3.5) shall not include a chin cup.
Any chin strap shall be no less than 15 mm wide.
Chin straps may be fitted with means of enhancing comfort for the wearer.
4.6.3 Fastening device
Any retention system shall be fitted with a device to adjust and maintain tension in the system. The device
shall be capable of adjustment so that the fastening device does not sit on the jawbone and the fastening
device cannot be detached from the chin strap.
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4.6.4 Colour
No part of the retention system shall be coloured green. It is recommended that the opening mechanism
be marked with red or orange colour.
4.6.5 Strength
When tested in accordance with 5.4, the dynamic displacement of the chin strap stirrup shall not exceed
35 mm and the residual displacement of the headform shall not exceed 25 mm. For this purpose,
displacement includes slippage of the fastening device.
Damage to the retention system shall be accepted provided that the above requirements are met.
4.6.6 Ease of release
Following the strength test in accordance with 5.4 and with the load still applied, it shall be possible to
open the release system with one hand using a single movement.
4.6.7 Effectiveness
When tested in accordance with 5.5 the retention system shall remain fastened, and the helmet shall not
come off the headform.
4.7 Accessories and non-integral additional protective devices
Helmets which are provided with protective lower face cover (3.11), shall be tested with this protective
lower face cover fitted.
When non-integral additional protective devices (3.10), or helmet accessories (3.9) are submitted with
the helmet for test, the helmet shall satisfy the requirements of this document with and without this items
fitted.
NOTE Accessories can be fixed on the helmet using fixing devices provided by the helmet manufacturer.
4.8 Marking and information
The durability of the markings as specified in 6 shall be verified by test in 5.2.4.
5 Test methods
5.1 General
5.1.1 Headforms
5.1.1.1 Headform for shock absorption
Linear (3.12) and rotational shock absorption (3.13) shall be evaluated with the headform as specified in
prEN 17950:2023, 4.2. Size designation 470, 490, 530, 570, 610 and 630 shall be used as measured from
the Pilz plane (3.14).
5.1.1.2 Headform for retention system strength, ease of release and field of vision
For determination of retention system strength, ease of release and field of vision, the headforms used
shall comply with EN 960:2006 at least down from the basic plane.
NOTE Table 1 also gives the size designation of EN 960:2006 that approximates the size designation of
prEN 17950:2023, 4.2 size designation.
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Table 1 — Sizes of headforms
Size designation
Size designation
(EN 960:2006)
(prEN 17950:2023, 4.2)
475 470
495 (A) 490
515 (C) 510
535 (E) 530
555 (G) 550
575 (J) 570
585 (K) 590
605 (M) 610
625 (O) 630
5.1.2 Accessories
Any helmet accessories (3.9) intended for use with the helmet, or as an alternative, substitutes with
physical properties equivalent to those helmet accessories shall be submitted. Any additional means
intended for the attachment of the helmet accessories shall also be submitted. The helmet shall be tested
with all the items fitted and without the items fitted.
The helmet should only be fitted with spares and accessories recommended by the helmet manufacturer
5.1.3 Number of samples and sequence of tests
For each helmet type (3.2), seven helmets for each headform size that fits within the manufacturers'
claimed head size range shall be submitted for testing.
The sequence of test and tests per sample are given in Table 2. The sequence shall be repeated for each
applicable headform size.
Use the smallest applicable headform size for the retention system effectiveness and for the retention
system strength tests. Retention system effectiveness tests are done on the first helmet sample prior to
the shock absorption tests. Retention system strength tests are done on the second and fourth helmet
sample after the shock absorption tests. The smallest and largest applicable headform size is used for the
linear shock absorbing capacity tests on helmet sample one, two, three and four. The smallest applicable
headform size is used for the rotational shock absorbing capacity tests using helmet sample five and six.
In case a helmet is equipped with a chin guard (3.11), the helmet is tested with the smallest and a largest
applicable headform, helmet sample two and three. Four conditions are applied. A hot condition
(+ 50°C ± 2 °C), a cold condition (−20°C ± 2 °C or −10 C ± 2 °C) and ageing condition (Annex A) and an
ambient condition (+20°C ± 2 °C).
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Table 2 — Sequence of test and tests per sample
Conditioning
a b b c d
Hot Cold Cold Ageing Ambient
helmet 1 helmet 2 helmet 3 helmet 4 helmet 5,
6
e
Retention system effectiveness No Cond. / / / /
g
Small HF
Linear shock absorption Kerb Flat Flat Kerb /
h g h h
Large HF Small HF Large HF Large HF
Flat Kerb Kerb Flat /
h g h h
Large HF Small HF Large HF Large HF
g
Rotational shock absorption / / / / Small HF
g h
Chin guard shock absorption / Small HF Large HF /
Retention system strength / No / No /
f f
Recond. Recond.
g g
Small HF Small HF
a
Hot condition: + 50°
b
Cold condition: - 10/- 20 °C
c
Ageing condition: moisture and UV
d
Ambient condition: + 20 °C
e
No Condition
f
No Recondition
g
Smallest applicable Headform
h
Largest applicable Headform
The seventh sample is reserved as a reference sample, which can be used by the test laboratory in case
of doubt about any of the performance requirements.
5.2 Verifying materials innocuousness and construction
5.2.1 Inspection
Perform an assessment of any safety data sheets or documentation supplied by the manufacturer relevant
to the materials used in the helmet's construction.
Inspect the helmet to verify whether it is suitable for its intended purpose and fulfils the requirements
in 4.1, 4.2 and 4.6.1.
5.2.2 Visual and tactile examination
Check by visual and tactile examination that helmets have no rough, sharp or hard surfaces that could
irritate or injure the user.
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5.2.3 Mass determination
Determine the mass of the helmets of the same size submitted for testing. Calculate and record the mean
value in gram (g) rounded off to the nearest 10 g, stating the size of the helmet.
5.2.4 Assessment of the helmet’s marking and information
An assessment of the helmet's marking and information supplied by the manufacturer shall be
performed.
The durability of the markings as specified in 6 is verified by rubbing the marking by hand for 15 s with
a piece of cotton cloth soaked with water. The inspection shall be carried out by a person with normal
vision to determine if the marking remains legible.
5.3 Determination of shock absorbing capacity
5.3.1 Linear shock absorption
5.3.1.1 Test area for linear shock absorption
a) Take a headform of appropriate size designation and mark a point B, 6.35 mm above the reference
plane back of the headform. (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).
b) Place the helmet on the headform. Apply a vertical load of 50 N on the crown of the helmet in order
to stabilize the helmet on the headform. Position the front edge of the helmet to meet the upwards
field of vision specified in 4.3 or to the manufacturer's normal wearing position, if this is detailed by
the manufacturer and results in greater than the specified upwards vision.
c) Draw the AA′′ line (in the AA′ plane) on the helmet.
d) Draw a line on the helmet (line 1 in Figure 2), parallel to and approximately 20 mm above the AA′′
line (for use as an angular measurement datum line).
e) Mark the helmet at points B1 and B2. These points are the sideways horizontal projection of point B
on to the outer surface of the helmet.
f) Draw a line RR′ on the helmet passing through B1 and B2, the line being angled 10° upwards toward
the front of the helmet relative to the datum line drawn in d).
The area above the line drawn in f) is the test area for impacts on to the flat anvil. The area above the line
RWA′′ is the test area for impacts on to the kerbstone anvil, point W being the intersection of the lines
marked in accordance with c) and f) above.
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Key
1 angular displacement datum
2 reference plane
3 headform
4 helmet
Figure 2 — Definition of test area
5.3.1.2 Test area of lower face cover
The part of the lower face cover situated within an area bounded by a sector of 20° divided symmetrically
by the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the helmet (see Figure 3).
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Figure 3 — Test area of lower face cover
5.3.1.3 Conditioning
5.3.1.3.1 High temperature conditioning
The helmet shall be exposed to a temperature of (+ 50 ± 2) °C for a period of time between 4 h and 24 h.
5.3.1.3.2 Low temperature conditioning
The helmet shall be exposed to a temperature of (−20 ± 2) °C or (- 10 ± 2) °C for a period of time between
4 h and 24 h.
The temperature claimed by the manufacturer shall be communicated via the marking.
Only the lower temperature shall be tested
5.3.1.3.3 Artificial ageing
The outer surface of the protective helmet (3.1) shall be exposed successively to:
a) ultraviolet irradiation by a 150 W xenon-filled quartz lamp for 40 h at a range of 250 mm;
b) spraying for 4 h to 24 h with water at ambient temperature a rate between 1 and 2 l/min.
NOTE A method for artificial ageing is described in Annex A. This method can be used as an alternative to the
conditioning according to 5.3.1.3.3.
5.3.1.4 Apparatus
5.3.1.4.1 Description
The test apparatus for shock absorption shall comprise:
a) an anvi
...
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