SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
(Main)Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in electrical energy storage systems
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in electrical energy storage systems
This document specifies requirements and tests for the product safety of secondary lithium
cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems (Figure 2) with a maximum DC
voltage of 1 500 V (nominal).
Basic safety requirements for the secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial
applications are included in IEC 62619. This document provides additional or specific
requirements for electrical energy storage systems.
Since this document covers batteries for various electrical energy storage systems, it includes
those requirements which are common and minimum to the electrical energy storage systems.
Examples of appliances that are within the scope of this document are:
• telecommunications,
• central emergency lighting and alarm systems,
• stationary engine starting,
• photovoltaic systems,
• home (residential) energy storage systems (HESS), and
• large energy storage: on-grid/off-grid.
This document applies to cells and batteries for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
This document does not apply to portable systems 500 Wh or below, which are covered by
IEC 61960-3.
Sekundärzellen und -batterien mit alkalischen oder anderen nicht-säurehaltigen Elektrolyten - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Lithium-Sekundärzellen und -batterien für die Verwendung in elektrischen Energiespeichersystemen
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide - Exigences de sécurité pour batteries rechargeables Lithium destinées aux systèmes de stockage d'énergie électriques .
L'IEC 63056:2020 spécifie les exigences et les essais pour la sécurité des produits des éléments et des batteries d'accumulateurs au lithium utilisés dans des systèmes de stockage d'énergie électrique (Figure 2) ayant une tension continue maximale de 1 500 V (nominale).
L'IEC 62619 comprend les exigences relatives à la sécurité de base des éléments et batteries d'accumulateurs au lithium utilisés dans les applications industrielles. Le présent document inclut des exigences complémentaires ou particulières concernant les systèmes de stockage d'énergie électrique.
Étant donné que le présent document couvre les batteries de différents systèmes de stockage d'énergie électrique, elle comprend les exigences minimales et communes aux systèmes de stockage d'énergie électrique.
Les types suivants d'appareils sont des exemples d'appareils relevant du domaine d'application du présent document:
• télécommunications,
• systèmes centraux d'éclairage d'urgence et d'alarme d'urgence,
• démarrage de moteur stationnaire,
• systèmes photovoltaïques,
• systèmes domestiques (résidentiels) de stockage d'énergie électrique (HESS, home energy storage systems), et
• stockage d'énergie à grande échelle: sur réseau/hors réseau.
Le présent document s'applique aux éléments et batteries conçus pour les alimentations sans interruption (ASI).
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux systèmes portables de 500 Wh ou moins, qui sont couverts par l'IEC 61960-3.
Sekundarni členi in baterije z alkalnimi ali drugimi nekislinskimi elektroliti - Varnostne zahteve za sekundarne litijeve člene in baterije za industrijsko uporabo v električnih napravah za shranjevanje energije
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
01-februar-2021
Sekundarni členi in baterije z alkalnimi ali drugimi nekislinskimi elektroliti -
Varnostne zahteve za sekundarne litijeve člene in baterije za industrijsko uporabo
v električnih napravah za shranjevanje energije
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety
requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in electrical energy storage
systems
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide - Exigences de
sécurité pour batteries rechargeables Lithium destinées aux systèmes de stockage
d'énergie électriques .
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 63056:2020
ICS:
29.220.30 Alkalni sekundarni členi in Alkaline secondary cells and
baterije batteries
SIST EN IEC 63056:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 63056
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2020
ICS 29.220.30
English Version
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-
acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium
cells and batteries for use in electrical energy storage systems
(IEC 63056:2020)
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à Sekundärzellen und -batterien mit alkalischen oder anderen
électrolyte non acide - Exigences de sécurité pour les nicht säurehaltigen Elektrolyten - Sicherheitsanforderungen
accumulateurs au lithium pour utilisation dans des für Lithium-Sekundärzellen und -batterien für die
systèmes de stockage d'énergie électrique Verwendung in elektrischen Energiespeichersystemen
(IEC 63056:2020) (IEC 63056:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 63056:2020 E
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
EN IEC 63056:2020 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 21A/718/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 63056, prepared by SC 21A "Secondary
cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes" of IEC/TC 21 "Secondary cells
and batteries" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN IEC 63056:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-02-01
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-05-01
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 63056:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61434 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61434
IEC 61960-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61960-3
IEC 62368-1:2018 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62368-1:2020 (not modified)
2
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
EN IEC 63056:2020 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-482 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
- Part 482: Primary and secondary cells
and batteries
IEC 60695-10-2 - Fire hazard testing - Part 10-2: Abnormal EN 60695-10-2 -
heat - Ball pressure test method
IEC 60695-11-10 - Fire hazard testing - Part 11-10: Test EN 60695-11-10 -
flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
IEC 60950-1 (mod) 2005 Information technology equipment - EN 60950-1 2006
Safety - Part 1: General requirements
+ A11 2009
+ A12 2011
+ AC 2011
IEC 62619 - Secondary cells and batteries containing - -
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -
Safety requirements for secondary lithium
cells and batteries, for use in industrial
applications
IEC 62620 2014 Secondary cells and batteries containing EN 62620 2015
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -
Secondary lithium cells and batteries for
use in industrial applications
ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Safety aspects - Guidelines for their - -
inclusion in standards
3
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
IEC 63056
®
Edition 1.0 2020-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries
for use in electrical energy storage systems
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide –
Exigences de sécurité pour les accumulateurs au lithium pour utilisation
dans des systèmes de stockage d'énergie électrique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-7862-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Parameter measurement tolerances . 9
5 General safety considerations . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Insulation and wiring . 10
5.3 The peak voltage of charging . 11
6 Type test conditions . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 Test items . 11
7 Specific requirements and tests . 12
7.1 Basic requirement . 12
7.2 Resistance to abnormal heat . 12
7.3 Casing material of a battery system that can be transported for installation
or maintenance . 12
7.4 Electric insulation check during transport and installation. 12
7.5 Charging procedures for test purposes . 13
7.6 Protection against short circuit during transport and installation . 13
7.7 Protection for reverse connection . 13
7.8 Overdischarge control of voltage (battery system) . 14
7.9 Drop test . 14
7.9.1 General . 14
7.9.2 Whole drop test . 15
7.9.3 Edge and corner drop test . 15
8 Information for Safety . 16
9 Marking and designation . 16
Annex A (informative) Wiring, connections and supply . 17
Bibliography . 18
Figure 1 – IEC 62619 as umbrella standard to various industrial applications. 5
Figure 2 – Scope of IEC 63056 . 6
Figure 3 – Impact location . 15
Figure 4 – Configuration for the shortest edge drop test . 16
Figure 5 – Configuration for the corner drop test . 16
Table 1 – Type test . 12
Table 2 – Drop test method and condition . 14
Table A.1 – IEC 60950-1:2005 subclauses addressing wiring, connections and supply . 17
Table A.2 – Wiring, connections and supply, as addressed in IEC 62368-1 . 17
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
IEC 63056:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER
NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES – SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY
LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR USE IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY
STORAGE SYSTEMS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC
Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 63056 has been prepared by subcommittee 21A: Secondary cells
and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, of IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21A/718/FDIS 21A/723/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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SIST EN IEC 63056:2021
IEC 63056:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
This document covers safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in
Electrical Energy Storage Systems and is under the umbrella standard IEC 62619 as shown in
Figure 1. As an umbrella standard, IEC 62619 had been developed which covered various
industrial applications in 2017.
Figure 1 – IEC 62619 as umbrella standard to various industrial applications
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SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER
NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES – SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY
LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR USE IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY
STORAGE SYSTEMS
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and tests for the product safety of secondary lithium
cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems (Figure 2) with a maximum DC
voltage of 1 500 V (nominal).
Basic safety requirements for the secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial
applications are included in IEC 62619. This document provides additional or specific
requirements for electrical energy storage systems.
Since this document covers batteries for various electrical energy storage systems, it includes
those requirements which are common and minimum to the electrical energy storage systems.
Examples of appliances that are within the scope of this document are:
• telecommunications,
• central emergency lighting and alarm systems,
• stationary engine starting,
• photovoltaic systems,
• home (residential) energy storage systems (HESS), and
• large energy storage: on-grid/off-grid.
This document applies to cells and batteries for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
This document does not apply to portable systems 500 Wh or below, which are covered by
IEC 61960-3.
Figure 2 – Scope of IEC 63056
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2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-482, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 482: Primary and
secondary cells and batteries (available at http://www.electropedia.org/)
IEC 60695-10-2, Fire hazard testing – Part 10-2: Abnormal heat – Ball pressure test method
IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
IEC 60950-1:2005, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 62619, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications
IEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482,
ISO/IEC Guide 51, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
3.2
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
3.3
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people or damage to property or to the environment
3.4
hazard
potential source of harm
3.5
intended use
use of a product, process or service in accordance with specifications, instructions and
information provided by the supplier
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3.6
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a product, process or service in a way which is not intended by the supplier, but which
may result from readily predictable human behaviour
3.7
secondary lithium cell
cell
secondary cell where electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of
lithium ions or oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the
positive electrode
Note 1 to entry: The cell typically has an electrolyte that consists of a lithium salt and organic solvent compound
in liquid, gel or solid form and has a metal or a laminate film casing. It is not ready for use in an application
because it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
3.8
cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices
(e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1 to entry: It is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal
arrangement and electronic control device.
3.9
module
group of cells connected together in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without
protective devices (e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device) and monitoring
circuitry
3.10
battery pack
energy storage device which comprises one or more cells or modules electrically connected
and has monitoring circuitry which provides information (e.g. cell voltage) to a battery system
to influence the battery’s safety, performance and/or service life
Note 1 to entry: It may incorporate a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other interconnection
arrangement.
3.11
battery system
battery
system which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs and has a battery
management system capable of controlling current in case of overcharge, overcurrent,
overdischarge, and overheating
Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer
and the customer
Note 2 to entry: The battery system may have cooling or heating units. More than one battery system may
constitute a larger battery system.
3.12
battery management system
BMS
set of protection functions associated with a battery to prevent overcharge, overcurrent, over-
temperature, under-temperature and, if applicable, overdischarge and which monitors and/or
manages its state, calculates secondary data, reports that data and/or controls its
environment to influence the battery’s safety, performance and/or service life
Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cutoff is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer
and the customer.
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Note 2 to entry: The function of the BMS can be assigned to the battery pack or to equipment that uses the
battery.
Note 3 to entry: The BMS can be divided and it can be found partially in the battery pack and partially on the
equipment that uses the battery.
Note 4 to entry: The BMS is sometimes also referred to as a BMU (battery management unit).
Note 5 to entry: This note applies to the French language only.
3.13
leakage
visible escape of liquid electrolyte
3.14
venting
release of excessive internal pressure from a cell, module, battery pack, or battery system in
a manner intended by design to preclude rupture or explosion
3.15
rupture
mechanical failure of a cell container or battery case induced by an internal or external cause,
resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of materials
3.16
explosion
failure that occurs when a cell container or battery case opens violently, and solid
components are forcibly expelled
Note 1 to entry: Liquid, gas, and smoke may be erupted.
3.17
fire
emission of flames from a cell, module, battery pack, or battery system
3.18
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity is the quantity of electricity C Ah (ampere-hours) declared by the
n
manufacturer, which a single cell or battery can deliver during an n-hour period when charging, storing and
discharging under the conditions specified in IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-15, modified – "battery" has been replaced by "cell
or battery" and Note 1 to entry has been added.]
4 Parameter measurement tolerances
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
parameters, shall be within the following tolerances:
a) ±0,5 % for voltage;
b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 °C for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±1 % for mass;
f) ±1 % for dimensions.
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These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement techniques used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
5 General safety considerations
5.1 General
Battery systems and the cells they contain shall comply with the applicable general safety
considerations of IEC 62619. Within the standard temperature range, secondary cells can be
charged at the maximum charge current, which is specified from a safety point of view.
Lithium-ion cells shall always be operated within the operating region values and the storage
conditions specified by the manufacturer.
The safety of lithium secondary cells and battery systems requires the consideration of two
sets of applied conditions:
1) intended use;
2) reasonably foreseeable misuse.
Cells and battery systems shall be so designed and constructed that they are safe under
conditions of both intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. It may also be expected
that cells and battery systems subjected to intended use shall not only be safe but shall
continue to be functional in all respects.
It is expected that cells or battery systems subjected to misuse may fail to function. However,
even if such a situation occurs, they shall not present any significant hazards.
Potential hazards which are the subject of this document are:
a) fire,
b) burst/explosion,
c) critical electrical short circuit due to leakage of cell electrolyte, mechanical deformation or
incorrect installation,
d) venting that continuously vents out flammable gases,
e) rupture of the casing of cell, module, battery pack, and battery system with exposure of
internal components.
Conformity is checked by the tests in accordance with the appropriate standards in Clause 2.
Moving parts that have potential to cause human injuries shall be applied appropriate design
and necessary measures in order to reduce the risk of injuries, including those that may be
incurred during installation while cells or battery systems are being incorporated into
equipment.
5.2 Insulation and wiring
Wiring and its insulation shall be sufficient to withstand the maximum anticipated voltage,
current, temperature, altitude and humidity requirements. The design of wiring shall be such
that adequate clearances and creepage distances are maintained between conductors in
accordance with IEC 60950-1:2005, 3.1 and 3.2 (test temperature relies on the battery
system’s operating region specified by the manufacturer). Hazardous live parts of the battery
system shall be protected to avoid the risk of electric shocks, including during installation.
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The mechanical integrity of the whole battery system (cell/module/BMS) and their connec
...
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