SIST EN 1504-9:2008

Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems

This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for specification of protection and repair of reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures (including, for example, pavements, runways, floor slabs and pre-stressed structures) using products and systems specified in other Parts of the EN 1504 series or any other relevant European Standard or European Technical Approval. This European Standard covers atmospherically exposed, buried and submerged structures.
This European Standard includes:
a)   the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and after repair;
b)   protection from causes of defects and their repair in concrete structures. Causes of such defects may include:
1)   mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration and seismic actions;
2)   chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction;
3)   physical actions, e.g. freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and erosion;
4)   fire damage;
5)   reinforcement corrosion resulting from:
i)   physical loss of the protective concrete cover;
ii)   chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation);
iii)   chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete;
iv)   stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical installations.
c)   repair of defects caused by inadequate design, specification or construction or use of unsuitable construction materials;
d)   providing the required structural capacity by:
1)   replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement;
2)   filling of cracks and voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity;
3)   replacement or addition of concrete or whole elements;
e)   waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair;
f)   principles and methods of protection and repair, for example those listed in Table 1. Site application is covered in Part 10 of this European Standard. Further background information on the scope of this European Standard is given in Annex A (Informative).

Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Begriffe, Anforderungen, Qualitätskontroll, Konformitätsbewertung - Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für den Einsatz von Produkten und Systemen

In diesem Teil von EN 1504 werden grundlegende Regeln für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von unbewehrten oder bewehrten Betontragwerken (einschließlich z. B. Fahrbahnbelägen, Start- und Lande¬bahnen, Deckenplatten und Tragwerken aus Spannbeton) beschrieben. Die zu verwendenden Produkte und Systeme sind in den weiteren Teilen der Normenreihe EN 1504 oder in weiteren relevanten Europäischen Normen oder in Europäischen Technischen Zulassungen festgelegt. Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Bauwerke, die der Witterung ausgesetzt sind, für unterirdische Bauwerke sowie für Bauwerke unter Wasser.
Diese Europäische Norm regelt:
a)   die Notwendigkeit von Inspektionen, Prüfungen und Bewertungen vor und nach der Instandsetzung;
a)b)   Schutz vor Schäden und Instandsetzung von beschädigten Tragwerken. Diese Schäden können u.a. durch folgende Faktoren verursacht werden:
1)   mechanische Einwirkungen, z. B. Anprall, Überlastung, Setzungsbewegungen, Explosionen, Schwingungen und seismische Einwirkungen;
2)   chemischer und biologischer Angriff aus der Umgebung, z.B. Sulfatangriff, Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion;
3)   physikalische Einwirkungen, z. B. Frost Tau Einflüsse, thermische Rissbildung, Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit, Salzkristallisation, Erosion;
4)   Brandschäden;
5)   Korrosion der Bewehrung infolge:
i)   des physikalischen Verlustes der schützenden Betondeckung;
ii)   des chemischen Verlustes der Alkalität in der schützenden Betondeckung als Ergebnis der Reaktion mit dem Kohlendioxid aus der Luft („Karbonatisierung“);
iii)   der Verunreinigung des Betons durch Chloride (oder andere chemische Substanzen);
iv)   von elektrischen Streuströmen, die von benachbarten elektrischen Anlagen durch die Bewehrung weitergeleitet wurden oder in der Bewehrung induziert worden sind.
a)c)   Reparatur von Schäden, die durch unzulängliche Bemessung, Spezifikationen oder Konstruktion oder durch Verwendung ungeeigneter Baustoffe verursacht wurden;

Produits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation de structures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise de la qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principes généraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmes

La présente partie de l’EN 1504 définit les considérations de base relatives à la spécification de la protection et de la réparation des structures en béton armé et non armé (y compris, par exemple, les chaussées, les pistes d’atterrissage, les dalles de plancher et les structures précontraintes) qui utilisent des produits et systèmes spécifiés dans d’autres parties de la série EN 1504 ou toute autre Norme européenne ou Approbation technique européenne pertinente. La présente Norme européenne prend en compte les structures exposées à l’atmosphère, enterrées et immergées. La présente Norme européenne comprend : a) la nécessité d’inspection, d’essai et d’évaluation avant et après la réparation ; b) la protection contre les causes des défauts et leur réparation au sein des structures en béton. Les causes de tels défauts peuvent inclure : 1) des actions mécaniques, par exemple choc, surcharge, déplacement causé par un tassement, explosion, vibration et séismes ; 2) des actions chimiques et biologiques provenant des environnements, par exemple détérioration causée par les sulfates, réaction alcaline des agrégats ; 3) des actions physiques, par exemple gel-dégel, fissuration thermique, migration de l’humidité, cristallisation saline et érosion ; 4) les dommages causés par le feu ; 5) la corrosion de l’armature résultant : i) de la perte physique de la couche de protection du béton ; ii) de la perte chimique d’alcalinité de la couche de protection du béton du fait de la réaction avec le dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique (carbonatation) ; iii) de la pollution du béton par les chlorures (ou autres substances chimiques) ; iv) des courants électriques parasites provenant des installations électriques voisines, conduits ou induits dans l’armature. c) la réparation des défauts causés par une conception, spécification ou construction inadaptée ou l‘utilisation de matériaux de construction inappropriés ; d) la fourniture de la capacité structurale requise par : 1) le replacement ou

Proizvodi in sistemi za zaščito in popravilo betonskih konstrukcij - Definicije, zahteve, kontrola kakovosti in ovrednotenje skladnosti - 9. del: Splošna načela za uporabo proizvodov in sistemov

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-May-2008
• Publication Date: 03-Nov-2008
• ICS: 01.040.91 - Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 91.080.40 - Concrete structures
• Technical Committee: BBB - Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 24-Sep-2008
• Due Date: 29-Nov-2008
• Completion Date: 04-Nov-2008
• Ref Project: EN 1504-9:2008 - Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems

Relations

• Replaces: SIST ENV 1504-9:1998 - Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, Requirements, Quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Begriffe, Anforderungen, Qualitätskontroll, Konformitätsbewertung - Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für den Einsatz von Produkten und SystemenProduits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation de structures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise de la qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principes généraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmesProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems91.080.40Betonske konstrukcijeConcrete structures01.040.91Gradbeni materiali in gradnja (Slovarji)Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1504-9:2008SIST EN 1504-9:2008en,fr,de01-december-2008SIST EN 1504-9:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 1504-9:19981DGRPHãþD



SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1504-9September 2008ICS 01.040.91; 91.080.40Supersedes ENV 1504-9:1997
English VersionProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concretestructures - Definitions, requirements, quality control andevaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the useof products and systemsProduits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation destructures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise dela qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principesgénéraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmesProdukte und Systeme für den Schutz und dieInstandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Definitionen,Anforderungen, Qualitätsüberwachung und Beurteilung derKonformität - Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für dieAnwendung von Produkten und SystemenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1504-9:2008: ESIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair.7 4.1 General.7 4.2 Health and Safety.7 4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes.7 5 Protection and repair within a structure management strategy.9 5.1 General.9 5.2 Options.9 5.3 Factors.9 5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy.10 6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods.10 6.1 General.10 6.2 Principles and methods of protection and repair.10 7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of protection and repair.13 7.1 General.13 7.2 Methods which do not make use of specific products and systems.13 8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair.13 9 Health, safety and the environment.13 10 Competence of personnel.13 Annex A (informative)
Guidance and background information.15 Introduction.15 A.1 Scope.15 A.2 Normative reference.16 A.3 Terms and definitions.16 A.4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair.16 A.5 Protection and repair within a structure management strategy.20 A.6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods.22 A.7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of protection and repair.27 A.8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair.28 A.9 Health, safety and environment.28 A.10 Competence of personnel.28 Bibliography.29
SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1504-9:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. It has been prepared by Sub-committee 8 "Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures” (Secretariat AFNOR). This document supersedes ENV 1504-9:1997. Modifications to ENV 1504-9:1997 are: a) Status of document changed form pre-standard to standard; b) Editorial and technical modifications in those cases where necessary. This document is one part of the European Standard on “Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity”. The other parts are listed below:  Part 1: Definitions  Part 2: Surface protection systems for concrete  Part 3: Structural and non-structural repair  Part 4: Structural bonding  Part 5: Concrete injection  Part 6: Anchoring of reinforcing steel bar  Part 7: Reinforcement corrosion protection  Part 8: Quality control and evaluation of conformity  Part 10: Site application of products and systems and quality control of the works According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 4
Introduction Protection and repair of concrete structures require complex design work. This European Standard defines the principles for protection and repair of concrete structures which have suffered or may suffer damage or deterioration and gives guidance on the selection of products and systems which are appropriate for the intended use. This European Standard identifies key stages in the repair process:  assessment of the condition of the structure;  identification of the causes of deterioration;  deciding the options for protection and repair;  selection of the appropriate principle(s) of protection and repair;  selection of methods;  definition of properties of products and systems;  specification of maintenance requirements following protection and repair. This European Standard contains an Annex A (Informative) which provides guidance and background information on the Normative text. SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for specification of protection and repair of reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures (including, for example, pavements, runways, floor slabs and pre-stressed structures) using products and systems specified in other Parts of the EN 1504 series or any other relevant European Standard or European Technical Approval. This European Standard covers atmospherically exposed, buried and submerged structures. This European Standard includes: a) the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and after repair; b) protection from causes of defects and their repair in concrete structures. Causes of such defects may include: 1) mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration and seismic actions; 2) chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction; 3) physical actions, e.g. freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and erosion; 4) fire damage; 5) reinforcement corrosion resulting from: i) physical loss of the protective concrete cover; ii) chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation); iii) chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete; iv) stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical installations. c) repair of defects caused by inadequate design, specification or construction or use of unsuitable construction materials; d) providing the required structural capacity by: 1) replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement; 2) filling of cracks and voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity; 3) replacement or addition of concrete or whole elements; e) waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair; f) principles and methods of protection and repair, for example those listed in Table 1. Site application is covered in Part 10 of this European Standard. Further background information on the scope of this European Standard is given in Annex A (Informative). SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 6 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206-1, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 1504-1:2005, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 1: Definitions. EN 1504-2:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 2: Surface protection systems for concrete EN 1504-3:2005, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 3: Structural and non structural repair EN 1504-4:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 4: Structural bonding EN 1504-5:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 5: Concrete injection EN 1504-6:2006, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 6: Anchoring of reinforcing steel bar EN 1504-7:2006, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 7: Reinforcement corrosion protection EN 1504-8:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 8: Quality control and evaluation of conformity EN 1504-10:2003, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 10: Site application of products and systems and quality control of the works 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1504-1, EN 1504-2, EN 1504-3, EN 1504-4, EN 1504-5, EN 1504-6, EN 1504-7, EN 1504-8, EN 1504-10 and the following apply. 3.1 defect unacceptable condition that may be in-built or the result of deterioration or damage 3.2 design life intended useful period of service under expected conditions of use of the concrete structure 3.3 maintenance recurrent or continuous measures that provide repair and/or protection 3.4 passivity state in which steel in concrete does not spontaneously corrode due to a protective oxide film SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 7 NOTE
See A.3. 3.5 protection measure that is intended to prevent or reduce the development of defects in the structure 3.6 repair measure that is intended to rectify defects in the structure 3.7 service life period over which the intended performance is achieved NOTE
See A.3. 3.8 substrate surface on which a protection or repair material is to be applied NOTE
See A.3. 4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair 4.1 General Clause 4 outlines procedures that shall be undertaken to assess the current condition of a concrete structure before protection and repair. General guidance is given in Annex A (informative). 4.2 Health and Safety The risks to health and safety from falling debris or local failure due to removing materials, and the effect of deterioration upon the mechanical stability of the concrete structure shall be assessed. Where the concrete structure is considered to be unsafe, appropriate action shall be specified to make it safe before other protection or repair work is undertaken, taking into account any additional risks that may arise from the repair work itself. Such action may include local protection or repairs, the installation of support or other temporary works, or partial or even complete demolition. 4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes An assessment shall be made of the defects in the concrete structure, their causes, and of the ability of the concrete structure to perform its function. The process of assessment of the structure shall include but not be limited to the following: a) the visible condition of the existing concrete structure; b) testing to determine the condition of the concrete and reinforcing steel; c) the original design approach; d) the environment, including exposure to contamination; SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 8 e) the history of the concrete structure, including environmental exposure; f) the conditions of use, (e.g. loading or other actions); g) requirements for future use. The nature and causes of defects, including combinations of causes, shall be identified and recorded (see Figure 1). NOTE Further guidance on the effect of design and construction errors on the durability of the structure is given in A.4.3. The approximate extent and likely rate of increase of defects shall then be assessed. An estimate shall be made of when the member or concrete structure would no longer perform as intended, with no protection or repair measures (other than maintenance of existing systems) applied. The results of the completed assessment shall be valid at the time that the protection and repair works are designed and carried out. If, as a result of passage of time or for any other reason, there are doubts about the validity of the assessment, a new assessment shall be made.
Figure 1 — Common causes of defects SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 9 5 Protection and repair within a structure management strategy 5.1 General Clause 5 identifies options and factors to be considered when choosing a strategy for the management of the structure. 5.2 Options The following structure management options shall be taken into account in deciding the appropriate action to meet the future requirements for the life of the structure: a) do nothing for a certain time but monitor; b) re-analyse the structural capacity, possibly leading to downgrading in function; c) prevent or reduce further deterioration; d) strengthen or repair and protect all or part of the concrete structure; e) reconstruct or replace all or part of the concrete structure; f) demolish all or part of the concrete structure. 5.3 Factors Factors to be considered when choosing a management strategy include but are not limited to the following categories: a) Basic 1) The intended use and remaining service life of the structure; 2) the required performance of the structure; NOTE This may include, for example, fire resistance and watertightness. 3) the likely service life of the protection and repair works; 4) the required availability of the structure, permissible interruption to its use and opportunities for additional protection, repair and monitoring work; 5) the number and cost of repair cycles acceptable during the design life of the concrete structure; 6) the comparative whole life cost of the alternative management strategies, including future inspection and maintenance or further repair cycles; 7) properties and possible methods of preparation of the existing substrate; 8) the appearance of the protected and repaired structure. b) Structural 1) actions during and after implementation of the strategy; SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 10 2) actions how they will be resisted. c) Health and safety 1) The consequences of structural failure; 2) health and safety requirements; 3) the effect on occupiers or users of the structure and on third parties. d) Environmental 1) The exposure environment of the structure and whether it can be changed locally (check in accordance with EN 206-1); 2) the need or opportunity to protect part or all of the concrete structure, from weather, pollution, salt spray, etc, including protection of the substrate during the repair work. 5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy The choice of strategy for the structure shall be based on the above assessment of the structure client requirements, and relevant provisions (e.g. safety requirements) valid in the place of execution. All protection and repair works undertaken as part of a structure management strategy shall comply with this European Standard. A protection and repair principle or principles shall be chosen according to Clause 6, that is: a) appropriate to the type, cause or combination of causes and to the extent of the defects; b) appropriate to the future service conditions. 6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods 6.1 General Clause 6 specifies the basic principles which shall be used, separately or in combination, to protect or repair concrete structures. NOTE Methods which do not use products and systems covered by EN 1504-1 to -7 are addressed in 7.2. 6.2 Principles and methods of protection and repair 6.2.1 General The principles of protection and repair are based on chemical, electrochemical or physical principles that can be used to prevent or stabilise the deterioration of concrete or electrochemical corrosion on the steel surface, or to strengthen the concrete structure. Table 1 contains examples of protection and repair methods which apply the principles. Only methods which comply with the principles shall be selected, taking into account any possible undesirable consequences of applying a particular method or combination of methods under the specific conditions of the individual repair.
Other methods not described in this European Standard may be used if there is documented evidence that they comply with one or more principles. SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 11 Specifications for products and systems that may be used to implement a particular method are given in EN 1504 -2 to -7, as indicated in Table 1. Site application of the methods is addressed in EN 1504-10. 6.2.2 Principles and methods related to defects in concrete Principles 1 to 6 in Table 1 cover defects in the concrete or concrete structures that may be caused by the following actions, that may act either singly or in combination: a) mechanical: e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, and blast; b) chemical and biological: e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction; c) physical: e.g. freeze-thaw action, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallization and erosion; d) fire. 6.2.3 Principles and methods related to reinforcement corrosion Principles 7 to 11 in Table 1 cover reinforcement corrosion caused by: a) physical loss of the protective concrete cover; b) chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation); c) contamination of the protective concrete cover with corrosive agents (usually chloride ions) which were incorporated in the concrete when it was mixed or which have penetrated into the concrete from the environment; d) stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical installations. Where there is existing corrosion of reinforcement or a danger that corrosion will occur in the future, one or more principles of corrosion protection and repair (Principles 7 to 11 in Table 1) shall be selected. In addition, the concrete itself shall be repaired, where necessary, according to Principles 1 to 6.
SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 12 Table 1 — Principles and Methods for protection and repair of concrete structures
Principle Examples of methods based on the principles Relevant part of EN 1504 (where applicable) Principles and methods related to defects in concrete 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
2 1.2 Impregnation 2 1.3 Coating 2 1.4 Surface bandaging of cracks
1.5 Filling of cracks 5 1.6 Transferring cracks into joints
1.7 Erecting external panels a
1. Protection against ingress 1.8 Applying membranes a
2.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
2 2.2 Impregnation 2 2.3 Coating 2 2.4 Erecting external panels
2. Moisture control 2.5 Electrochemical treatment
3.1 Hand-applied mortar 3 3.2 Recasting with concrete or mortar 3 3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar 3 3. Concrete restoration 3.4 Replacing elements
4.1 Adding or replacing embedded or external reinforcing bars
4.2 Adding reinforcement anchored in pre-formed or drilled holes 6 4.3 Bonding plate reinforcement 4 4.4 Adding mortar or concrete 3, 4 4.5 Injecting cracks, voids or interstices 5 4.6 Filling cracks, voids or interstices 5 4. Structural strengthening 4.7 Prestressing - (post tensioning)
5.1 Coating 2 5.2 Impregnation 2 5. Increasing physical resistance 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3 6.1 Coating 2 6.2 Impregnation 2 6. Resistance to chemicals 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3 Principles and methods related to reinforcement corrosion 7.1 Increasing cover with additional mortar or concrete 3 7.2 Replacing contaminated or carbonated concrete 3 7.3 Electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concrete
7.4 Realkalisation of carbonated concrete by diffusion
7. Preserving or restoring passivity 7.5 Electrochemical chloride extraction
8.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
2 8.2 Impregnation 2 8. Increasing resistivity 8.3 Coating 2 9. Cathodic control 9.1 Limiting oxygen content (at the cathode) by saturation or surface coating
10. Cathodic protection 10.1 Applying an electrical potential
11.1 Active coating of the reinforcement 7 11.2 Barrier coating of the reinforcement 7 11. Control of anodic areas 11.3 Applying corrosion inhibitors in or to the concrete
a These methods may also be applicable to other principles. 6.2.4 Protection and repair of concrete and reinforcement by methods not mentioned in this European Standard The absence from this European Standard of a specific method, or the application of a method to a new situation, shall not be taken to mean that such a method or application is necessarily unsatisfactory. The application of methods to situations unforeseen in this European Standard, or the use of methods which do SIST EN 1504-9:2008



EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 13 not have a substantial history of successful performance and are not specified in this European Standard, may be satisfactory in appropriate circumstances. 7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of protection and repair 7.1 General When the appropriate methods have been chosen in accordance with the principles given in Clause 6, the products and systems to be used shall be selected in accordance with the requirements of EN 1504 -2 to -7, as shown in Table 1, or other relevant European Standard or appropriate European Technical Approvals. Descriptions and acceptance values of properties in relation to specific products and systems are specified in EN 1504-2 to -7. Care shall be taken that products and systems do not undergo adverse physical or chemical reactions with each other and with the concrete structures. Repair products that are part of a system for repair shall not normally be tested individually unless one or more of the repair products are intended to meet particular performance requirements in its own right. EN 1504-10 gives details of site application requirements. If on-site application conditions cannot reasonably be made to fulfil the application conditions specified for the product or system, alternative products (if any) or alternative repair principles or methods shall be specified to avoid such a conflict. 7.2 Methods which do not make use of specific products and systems In the case of methods listed in Table 1 which do not make use of specific products and systems conforming to the relevant parts of EN 1504 series or other relevant European Standards, appropriate values shall be specified for the properties of the selected products or systems. 8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair Unless otherwise agre
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Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for
the use of products and systems
Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken -
Begriffe, Anforderungen, Qualitätskontroll, Konformitätsbewertung - Teil 9: Allgemeine
Grundsätze für den Einsatz von Produkten und Systemen
Produits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation de structures en béton -
Définitions, exigences et maîtrise de la qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9:
Principes généraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1504-9
ICS:
01.040.91
91.080.40
kSIST prEN 1504-9:2008 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
FINAL DRAFT
prEN 1504-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2008
ICS 01.040.91; 91.080.40 Will supersede ENV 1504-9:1997
English Version
Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete
structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and
evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use
of products and systems
Produits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation de Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die
structures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise de Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Begriffe,
la qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principes Anforderungen, Qualitätskontroll, Konformitätsbewertung -
généraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmes Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für den Einsatz von
Produkten und Systemen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 104.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1504-9:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair.7
4.1 General.7
4.2 Health and Safety.7
4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes .8
5 Protection and repair within a Structure Management Strategy .10
5.1 General.10
5.2 Options .10
5.3 Factors .10
5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy.11
6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods .11
6.1 General.11
6.2 Principles and methods of protection and repair.11
7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of
protection and repair.14
7.1 General.14
7.2 Methods which do not make use of specific products and systems .14
8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair .15
9 Health, safety and the environment.15
10 Competence of personnel.15
Annex A (informative) Guidance and background information.16
A.1 Scope .16
A.2 Definitions .17
A.3 Minimum requirements before protection and repair.17
A.4 Protection and repair within a Structure Management Strategy .21
A.5 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods .24
A.6 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of
protection and repair.30
A.7 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair .30
A.8 Competence of personnel.31
Bibliography .32

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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 1504-9:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and
related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
It has been prepared by Sub-committee 8 "Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete
structures” (Secretariat AFNOR).
This document is one part of the European Standard on “Products and systems for the protection and repair of
concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity”. The other parts
are listed below:
 Part 1: Definitions
 Part 2: Surface protection systems for concrete
 Part 3: Structural and non-structural repair
 Part 4: Structural bonding
 Part 5: Concrete injection
 Part 6: Anchoring of reinforcing steel bar
 Part 7: Reinforcement corrosion protection
 Part 8: Quality control and evaluation of conformity
 Part 10: Site application of products and systems and quality control of the works
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Introduction
Protection and repair of concrete structures require complex design work. This European Standard defines the
principles for protection and repair of concrete structures which have suffered or may suffer damage or
deterioration and gives guidance on the selection of products and systems which are appropriate for the
intended use.
This European Standard identifies key stages in the repair process:
 assessment of the condition of the structure;
 identification of the causes of deterioration;
 deciding the options for protection and repair;
 selection of the appropriate principle(s) of protection and repair;
 selection of methods;
 definition of properties of products and systems;
 specification of maintenance requirements following protection and repair.
This European Standard contains an Annex A (Informative) which provides guidance and background
information on the Normative text.
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
1 Scope
This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for specification of protection and repair of reinforced and
unreinforced concrete structures (including, for example, pavements, runways, floor slabs and pre-stressed
structures) using products and systems specified in other Parts of the EN 1504 series or any other relevant
European Standard or European Technical Approval. This European Standard covers atmospherically
exposed, buried and submerged structures.
This European Standard includes:
a) the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and after repair;
b) protection from causes of defects and their repair in concrete structures. Causes of such defects may
include:
1) mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration and
seismic actions;
2) chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction;
3) physical actions, e.g. freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and
erosion;
4) fire damage;
5) reinforcement corrosion resulting from:
i) physical loss of the protective concrete cover;
ii) chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with
atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation);
iii) chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete;
iv) stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical
installations.
c) repair of defects caused by inadequate design, specification or construction or use of unsuitable
construction materials;
d) providing the required structural capacity by:
1) replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement;
2) filling of cracks and voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity;
3) replacement or addition of concrete or whole elements;
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
e) waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair;
f) principles and methods of protection and repair, for example those listed in Table 1.
Site application is covered in Part 10 of this European Standard.
Further background information on the scope of this European Standard is given in Annex A (Informative).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 206-1, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity
EN 1504-1:2005, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 1: Definitions.
EN 1504-2:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 2: Surface protection systems for concrete
EN 1504-3:2005, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 3: Structural and non structural repair
EN 1504-4:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 4: Structural bonding
EN 1504-5:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 5: Concrete injection
EN 1504-6:2006, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 6: Anchoring of reinforcing steel bar
EN 1504-7:2006, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 7: Reinforcement corrosion protection
EN 1504-8:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 8: Quality control and evaluation of
conformity
EN 1504-10:2003, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions,
requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 10: Site application of products and systems
and quality control of the works
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1504-1:2005, EN 1504-2:2004, EN
1504-3:2005, EN 1504-4:2004, EN 1504-5:2004, EN 1504-6:2006, EN 1504-7:2006, EN 1504-8:2004, EN
1504-10:2003 and the following apply.
3.1
defect
unacceptable condition that may be in-built or the result of deterioration or damage
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
3.2
design life
intended useful period of service under expected conditions of use of the concrete structure
3.3
maintenance
recurrent or continuous measures that provide repair and/or protection
3.4
passivity
state in which steel in concrete does not spontaneously corrode due to a protective oxide film
3.5
protection
measure that is intended to prevent or reduce the development of defects in the structure
3.6
repair
measure that is intended to rectify defects in the structure
3.7
service life
period over which the intended performance is achieved
3.8
substrate
surface on which a protection or repair material is to be applied
4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair
4.1 General
This Clause outlines procedures that shall be undertaken to assess the current condition of a concrete
structure before protection and repair.
General guidance is given in Annex A (informative).
4.2 Health and Safety
The risks to health and safety from falling debris or local failure due to removing materials, and the effect of
deterioration upon the mechanical stability of the concrete structure shall be assessed.
Where the concrete structure is considered to be unsafe, appropriate action shall be specified to make it safe
before other protection or repair work is undertaken, taking into account any additional risks that may arise
from the repair work itself. Such action may include local protection or repairs, the installation of support or
other temporary works, or partial or even complete demolition.
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes
An assessment shall be made of the defects in the concrete structure, their causes, and of the ability of the
concrete structure to perform its function.
The process of assessment of the structure shall include but not be limited to the following:
a) the visible condition of the existing concrete structure;
b) testing to determine the condition of the concrete and reinforcing steel;
c) the original design approach;
d) the environment, including exposure to contamination;
e) the history of the concrete structure, including environmental exposure;
f) the conditions of use, (e.g. loading or other actions);
g) requirements for future use.
The nature and causes of defects, including combinations of causes, shall be identified and recorded
(see Figure 1).
NOTE Further guidance on the effect of design and construction errors on the durability of the structure is given in
A.3.3.
The approximate extent and likely rate of increase of defects shall then be assessed. An estimate shall be
made of when the member or concrete structure would no longer perform as intended , with no protection or
repair measures (other than maintenance of existing systems) applied.
The results of the completed assessment shall be valid at the time that the protection and repair works are
designed and carried out. If, as a result of passage of time or for any other reason, there are doubts about the
validity of the assessment, a new assessment shall be made.
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)

Figure 1 — Common causes of defects
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
5 Protection and repair within a Structure Management Strategy
5.1 General
This Clause identifies options and factors to be considered when choosing a strategy for the management of
the structure.
5.2 Options
The following structure management options shall be taken into account in deciding the appropriate action to
meet the future requirements for the life of the structure:
a) do nothing for a certain time but monitor;
b) re-analyse the structural capacity, possibly leading to downgrading in function;
c) prevent or reduce further deterioration;
d) strengthen or repair and protect all or part of the concrete structure;
e) reconstruct or replace all or part of the concrete structure;
f) demolish all or part of the concrete structure.
5.3 Factors
5.3.1 General
Factors to be considered when choosing a management strategy include but are not limited to the following
categories:
5.3.2 Basic
a) The intended use and remaining service life of the structure;
b) the required performance of the structure;
NOTE This may include, for example, fire resistance and watertightness.
c) the likely service life of the protection and repair works;
d) the required availability of the structure, permissible interruption to its use and opportunities for additional
protection, repair and monitoring work;
e) the number and cost of repair cycles acceptable during the design life of the concrete structure;
f) the comparative whole life cost of the alternative management strategies, including future inspection and
maintenance or further repair cycles;
g) properties and possible methods of preparation of the existing substrate;
h) the appearance of the protected and repaired structure.
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
5.3.3 Structural
The actions and how they will be resisted, including during and after implementation of the strategy.
5.3.4 Health and safety
a) The consequences of structural failure;
b) health and safety requirements;
c) the effect on occupiers or users of the structure and on third parties.
5.3.5 Environmental
a) The exposure environment of the structure and whether it can be changed locally; check with EN 206-1.
b) the need or opportunity to protect part or all of the concrete structure, from weather, pollution, salt spray
etc, including protection of the substrate during the repair work.
5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy
The choice of strategy for the structure shall be based on the above assessment of the structure client
requirements, and relevant provisions (e.g. safety requirements) valid in the place of execution. All protection
and repair works undertaken as part of a structure management strategy shall comply with this European
Standard.
A protection and repair principle or principles shall be chosen according to Clause 6, that is:
a) appropriate to the type, cause or combination of causes and to the extent of the defects;
b) appropriate to the future service conditions.
6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods
6.1 General
This Clause specifies the basic principles which shall be used, separately or in combination, to protect or
repair concrete structures.
NOTE Methods which do not use products and systems covered by EN 1504 are addressed in subclause 7.2.
6.2 Principles and methods of protection and repair
The principles of protection and repair are based on chemical, electrochemical or physical principles that can
be used to prevent or stabilise the deterioration of concrete or electrochemical corrosion on the steel surface,
or to strengthen the concrete structure.
Table 1 contains examples of protection and repair methods which apply the principles. Only methods which
comply with the principles shall be selected, taking into account any possible undesirable consequences of
applying a particular method or combination of methods under the specific conditions of the individual repair.
Other methods not described in this European Standard may be used if there is documented evidence that
they comply with one or more principles.
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Specifications for products and systems that may be used to implement a particular method are given in
EN 1504 parts 2 to 7, as indicated in Table 1. Site application of the methods is addressed in EN 1504-10.
6.2.1 Principles and methods related to defects in concrete
Principles 1 to 6 in Table 1 cover defects in the concrete or concrete structures that may be caused by the
following actions, that may act either singly or in combination:
a) mechanical: e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, and blast;
b) chemical and biological: e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction;
c) physical: e.g. freeze-thaw action, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallization and erosion;
d) fire.
6.2.2 Principles and methods related to reinforcement corrosion
Principles 7 to 11 in Table 1 cover reinforcement corrosion caused by:
a) physical loss of the protective concrete cover;
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prEN 1504-9:2008 (E)
Table 1 — Principles and Methods for protection and repair of concrete structures
Relevant Part of
Principle Examples of methods based on the principles EN 1504 (where
applicable)
Principles and methods related to defects in concrete
1. Protection against 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 2
ingress 1.2 Impregnation 2
1.3 Coating 2
1.4 Surface bandaging of cracks
1.5 Filling of cracks 5
1.6 Transferring cracks into joints
a

1.7 Erecting external panels
a

1.8 Applying membranes
2. Moisture control 2.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 2
2.2 Impregnation 2
2.3 Coating 2
2.4 Erecting external panels
2.5 Electrochemical treatment
3. Concrete 3.1 Hand-applied mortar 3
restoration 3.2 Recasting with concrete or mortar 3
3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar 3
3.4 Replacing elements
4. Structural 4.1 Adding or replacing embedded or external reinforcing bars
strengthening 4.2 Adding reinforcement anchored in pre-formed or drilled holes 6
4.3 Bonding plate reinforcement 4
4.4 Adding mortar or concrete 3, 4
4.5 Injecting cracks, voids or interstices 5
4.6 Filling cracks, voids or interstices 5
4.7 Prestressing - (post tensioning)
5. Increasing 5.1 Coating 2
physical resistance 5.2 Impregnation 2
5.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3
6. Resistance to 6.1 Coating 2
chemicals 6.2 Impregnation 2
6.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3
Principles and methods related to reinforcement corrosion
7. Preserving or 7.1 Increasing cover with additional mortar or concrete 3
restoring passivity 7.2 Replacing contaminated or carbonated concrete 3
7.3 Electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concrete
7.4 Realkalisation of carbonated concrete by diffusion
7.5 Electrochemical chloride extraction
8. Increasing 8.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 2
resistivity 8.2 Impregnation 2
8.3 Coating 2
9. Cathodic control 9.1 Limiting oxygen content (at the cathode) by saturation or
surface coating
10. Cathodic 10.1 Applying an electrical potential
protection
11. Control of anodic 11.1 Active coating of the reinforcement 7
areas 11.2 Barrier coating of the reinforcement 7
11.3 Applying corrosion inhibitors in or to the concrete

a
These methods may also be applicable to other principles.
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b) chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon
dioxide (carbonation);
c) contamination of the protective concrete cover with corrosive agents (usually chloride ions) which were
incorporated in the concrete when it was mixed or which have penetrated into the concrete from the
environment;
d) stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical
installations.
Where there is existing corrosion of reinforcement or a danger that corrosion will occur in the future, one or
more principles of corrosion protection and repair (Principles 7 to 11 in Table 1) shall be selected.
In addition, the concrete itself shall be repaired, where necessary, according to Principles 1 to 6.
6.2.3 Protection and repair of concrete and reinforcement by methods not mentioned in this
European Standard
The absence from this European Standard of a specific method, or the application of a method to a new
situation, shall not be taken to mean that such a method or application is necessarily unsatisfactory. The
application of methods to situations unforeseen in this European Standard, or the use of methods which do
not have a substantial history of successful performance and are not specified in this European Standard, may
be satisfactory in appropriate circumstances.
7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles
of protection and repair
7.1 General
When the appropriate methods have been chosen in accordance with the principles given in Clause 6, the
products and systems to be used shall be selected in accordance with the requirements of EN 1504 Parts 2
to 7, as shown in Table 1, or other relevant European Standard or appropriate European Technical Approvals.
Descriptions and acceptance values of properties in relation to specific products and systems are specified in
Parts 2 to 7 of EN 1504. Care shall be taken that products and systems do not undergo adverse physical or
chemical reactions with each other and with the concrete structures.
Repair products that are part of a system for repair shall not normally be tested individually unless one or
more of the repair products are intended to meet particular performance requirements in its own right.
EN 1504-10 gives details of site application requirements. If on-site application conditions cannot reasonably
be made to fulfil the application conditions specified for the product or system, alternative products (if any) or
alternative repair principles or methods shall be specified to avoid such a conflict.
7.2 Methods which do not make use of specific products and systems
In the case of methods listed in Table 1 which do not make use of specific products and systems conforming
to the relevant parts of EN 1504 series or other relevant European Standards, appropriate values shall be
specified for the properties of the selected products or systems.
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8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair
Unless otherwise agreed, the following shall be provided:
a) a record of the protection and repair works which have been carried out, including any test results;
b) instru
...