SIST IEC 60624:2005
(Main)Expression of the performance of pulse generators
Expression of the performance of pulse generators
Primarily intended for the manufacturer. Not applicable to generators with pulsed sinusoidal outputs, television pattern generators, complex function generators, and generators for insulation resistance testing. Lays down a standard list of performance characteristics to be used for describing the performance of pulse generators. Defines which characteristics should be specified and standard test conditions.
Expression des qualités de fonctionnement des générateurs d'impulsions
Norme essentiellement destinée au constructeur. N'est pas applicable aux générateurs de signaux sinusoïdaux modulés en impulsions, ni aux générateurs de mires de télévision, ni aux générateurs de fonctions complexes, ni aux générateurs pour les essais de résistance d'isolement. Etablit une liste type des caractéristiques fonctionnelles permettant de décrire les qualités de fonctionnement; détermine quelles caractéristiques doivent être spécifiées et définit les conditions d'essais.
Izražanje lastnosti impulznih generatorjev
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST IEC 60624:2005
01-junij-2005
Izražanje lastnosti impulznih generatorjev
Expression of the performance of pulse generators
Expression des qualités de fonctionnement des générateurs d'impulsions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC 60624
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
29.160.20 Generatorji Generators
SIST IEC 60624:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST IEC 60624:2005
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SIST IEC 60624:2005
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60624
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1978-01
Expression des qualités de fonctionnement
des générateurs d'impulsions
Expression of the performance of pulse generators
© IEC 1978 Droits de reproduction réservés — Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher.
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CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEC Me ayHapoAHaH 3neHTpolexHH4ecHaR HOMHCCHA
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
• •
For price, see current catalogue
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SIST IEC 60624:2005
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CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 7
PREFACE 7
SECTION ONE — GENERAL
Clause
11
1. Scope
11
2. Object
SECTION TWO — DEFINITIONS
11
3. Definition of pulse terms
11
4. Pulse measurement and analysis
13
5. Pulse generator terms
15
Terms related to the performance of generators 6.
17
transport and storage 7. Terms related to the conditions of testing operation,
19
8. Limits of error
21
9. Technical terms
SECTION THREE — CATEGORIES OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
35
10. Frequency category
35 11. Temporal category
Voltage (current) category 37
12.
39
Power category 13.
39
14. Impedance (admittance) category
39
15. State category
41
Dimensionless category 16.
SECTION FOUR — TYPES OF CONTROL OF PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
43
17. Control in General
43
18. Specific types of control
45
19. Multiple-controlled quantity
45
Dual-controlled quantity 20.
SECTION FIVE — STATEMENT OF PERFORMANCE
47
Values and limits of error 21.
47
Required statements (described in this standard) 22.
47 23. Optional statements (described in this standard)
47
Optional statements (not described in this standard) 24.
47
Specification of characteristic quantities 25.
51
26. Specification of multiple-controlled quantities
51
Specification of dual-controlled quantities 27.
51
Form of the specification of influence error 28.
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SECTION SIX — GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR TESTING
Page
53
29. Test equipment
30. Period for achievement of stable operation 53
55
31. Performance of preliminary adjustments
55
32. Connected load
Output value 55
33.
34. Control of influence quantities 55
55
35. Testing
SECTION SEVEN — SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR TESTING
55
36. Test conditions applicable to operating error
37. Test conditions applicable to intrinsic error 57
38. Test conditions applicable to influence error 57
39. Test conditions applicable to stability error 59
59
40. Test conditions applicable to variation
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
EXPRESSION OF THE PERFORMANCE
OF PULSE GENERATORS
FOREWORD
The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the
1)
National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that
2)
sense.
In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the
3)
text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any divergence between
the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
PREFACE
This standard has been prepared by Sub-Committee 66A, Generators, of I E C Technical Commit-
tee No. 66, Electronic Measuring Equipment.
A first draft was discussed at the meeting held in The Hague in 1973. As a result of this meeting, a
draft, Document 66A(Central Office)28, was submitted to the National Committees for approval
under the Six Months' Rule in September 1975.
The following countries voted explicitly in favour of publication:
Netherlands
Belgium
Denmark Poland
Spain
Finland
Sweden
France
Switzerland
Germany
Union of Soviet
Hungary
Socialist Republics
Italy
United Kingdom
Japan
United States of America
Other IEC publications quoted in this standard:
Publications Nos. 359: Expression of the Functional Performance of Electronic Measuring Equipment.
469: Pulse Techniques and Apparatus.
469-1: Part 1: Pulse Terms and Definitions
469-2: Part 2: Pulse Measurement and Analysis, General Considerations.
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At first reading, this standard may appear to differ significantly from previous IEC publications on
electronic measuring equipment. This is not the case; the differences are superficial and stem from the
wide diversity in form, functional capability, and means for control which are found in pulse gen-
erators.
The object of this preface is to state the following assumptions:
The standard is intended to be used by a pulse generator manufacturer who, to conform, must make
a complete statement of performance. A user, depending on his point of view or salient interests,
may wish to verify performance to varying degrees, ranging from one performance characteristic to
a verification that is as complete as the manufacturer's.
The manufacturer has read and is familiar with the entire standard.
–
Finally, the manufacturer has a new pulse generator which he wishes to characterize in accordance
–
with this standard. He wishes to proceed in an efficient manner which will ensure clarity and
completeness.
Table I in Section Five is, in effect, a plan or guide for the handling of each performance character-
istic and it may be helpful to refer to Table I for the sequence of operations given below. Bearing in
mind that the following is merely an example, subject to many variations, the manufacturer would
carry out the following steps:
1) Make a list of all performance characteristics which are found in the pulse generator. Here,
reference to Section Three (which lists categories of performance characteristics) may be helpful,
bearing in mind that the categories listed in Section Three are merely representative and are not
exhaustive.
2) Next to each performance characteristic in the list from Item 1) above, list the type of control
which is provided for that performance characteristic (types of control are listed in the left-hand
column of Table I and are specified in Section Four).
Repeat Item 2) above, for each performance characteristic which is subject to multiple control (see
3)
Clause 19).
4) Repeat Item 2) and possibly Item 3) above, for each performance characteristic which is subject to
dual control (see Clause 20).
—At this point, all pairings of performance characteristics with types of control will have been exhaustively listed.
Note.
To each pairing of performance characteristic with type of control in the list, add the type(s) of
5)
error(s) which will be specified for each pairing (types of error are listed in the top row of Table I
and are defined in Section Two).
Note. —At this point, each performance characteristic is grouped with at least one type of control and at least one type of error
to be specified. Multiple combinations involving one performance characteristic and different types of control and/or
different types of error may also exist. In any event, each such grouping, at least conceptually, is dealt with separately.
For each grouping of performance characteristic with type of control and type of error:
6)
the nature of the specification which shall be made will be found in Section Five;
a)
b) the applicable general test conditions will be found in Section Six; and
the applicable specific test conditions will be found in Section Seven;
c)
all at the sub-clauses listed in Table I.
Nothing in the above shall be construed to modify the requirements of the standard itself and,
useful though it is, Table I should be used only as a guide. The user should bear in mind:
that the sequence described above applies also to accessories and modular pulse generators (Sub-
a)
clauses 5.2 and 5.3);
b) the pulse generator nomenclature defined in Clause 9; and
c) the requirements for the specification of dual-controlled quantities in Clause 27.
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EXPRESSION OF THE PERFORMANCE
OF PULSE GENERATORS
SECTION ONE – GENERAL
1. Scope
This standard applies to the specification of pulse generators and to accessories used with
generators. Specifically excluded from the scope of this standard are generators with continuous
or pulsed sinusoidal outputs, television pattern generators, complex function generators, and
generators for insulation resistance testing.
2. Object
Within its scope, this standard establishes:
1) the definitions related to generators;
2) the terminology for describing the functional performance of generators;
3) a listing of performance characteristics on which a statement of the performance of genera-
tors may be based;
4) the criteria for evaluating the performance of generators; and
5) the tests necessary to verify the performance of generators.
SECTION TWO – DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3. Definition of pulse terms
The pulse terms used throughout this standard are defined in IEC Pub
lication 469-1, Pulse
Techniques and Apparatus, Part 1; Pulse Terms and Definitions.
4. Pulse measurement and analysis
Definitions of pulse measurement terms used and desc riptions of pulse measurement tech-
niques referred to in this standard are provided in IEC Pub lication 469-2, Part 2; Pulse
Measurement and Analysis, General Considerations.
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Pulse generator terms
5.
Pulse generator
5.1
An apparatus which supplies electrical energy in pulse form at an accessible output.
—Throughout this standard "generator" is used in place of "pulse generator".
Note.
5.2 Generator accessory
A device or apparatus which is or may be a part of a generator, associated with a generator,
or associated with another generator accessory to modify or establish in a specified manner one
or more characteristics of a generator. Throughout the remainder of this standard "generator
accessory" is included in "generator".
5.2.1 Permanent (non permanent) generator accessory
A generator accessory which is permanently (occasionally) associated with a generator and
which is (is not) essential to its operation.
5.2.2 Interchangeable generator accessory
A non-permanent generator accessory which has its own properties which are independent of
any generator with which it may be associated.
Partially interchangeable generator accessory
5.2.3
An interchangeable generator accessory which may be associated with a limited and specified
set of generators or generator accessories.
Non-interchangeable generator accessory
5.2.4
A generator accessory which is associated with one particular generator. A non-interchange-
able generator accessory and the generator with which it is associated have mutually interacting
adjustments or characteristics. When such mutual interaction exists, this standard applies to the
combination of the generator and the non-interchangeable generator accessory.
5.3 Modular generator
A generator which is a combination of two or more generator accessories.
Generator main frame
5.3.1
A partially interchangeable generator accessory which provides common services and/or facil-
ities (e.g. mechanical mounting, a.c. and/or d.c. power, analogue and/or digital signal paths,
cooling, etc.) for itself and for one or more associated generator accessories. Typically, in the
absence of other generator accessories, a generator main frame cannot function as a generator.
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5.3.2 Generator plug-in unit
A partially interch an
geable generator accessory which, typically:
1)
may be associated with one or more specified generator main frames;
2)
is adapted by plug and socket connections and its construction to use the services and/or
facilities provided by the associated generator main frame; and
3) performs specified generator functions.
In the absence of a generator main frame, a generator plug-in unit cannot function as a
generator.
6. Terms related to the performance of generators
6.1 Performance
The degree to which the intended functions of a generator are accomplished.
6.2.
Performance characteristic
One of the quantities assigned to a generator in order to define by values, tolerances, ranges,
etc., the performance of the generator.
Note. –The term "performance characteristic" does not include influence quantities (see note of Sub-clause 6.3).
6.3 Influence quantity
Any quantity, generally external to a generator, which may affect the performance of the
generator.
Note. –Where a change of a performance characteristic affects another performance characteristic, it is referred to as an
influencing characteristic (see Sub-clauses 6.4 and 8.3).
6.4
Influencing characteristic
A performance characteristic which, when altered in value or state, produces a change in the
value or state of one or more other performance characteristics (influenced characteristics).
6.5
Terms related to values and ranges
6.5.1 Rated value
The value (or one of the values) of a quantity to be measured, observed, supplied or set,
which the manufacturer has assigned to the apparatus (I.E.V. 151-04-03).
6.5.2 Rated range
The range of a quantity to be measured, observed, supplied or set, which the manufacturer
has assigned to the apparatus.
6.5.3 Effective range
That part of the rated range where measurements can be made or quantities be supplied
within the stated limits of error (I.E.V. 20-40-035).
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6.6 Terms related to error
6.6.1 Fiducial value
A value to which reference is made in order to specify the relative error, for example the
upper limit of the effective range, or another clearly stated value.
6.6.2 Absolute error
The error expressed algebraically, in the unit of the measured or supplied quantity.
a) for measuring apparatus, the error is the indicated value of the measured quantity minus its
true value;
b) for a supply apparatus, the error is the true value of the quantity supplied minus its rated,
indicated or pre-set value.
Note. —The true value of a quantity is the value that would be measured by a measuring process having no error.
In practice, since this true value cannot be determined by measurement, a conventionally true value, approaching
the true value as closely as necessary (having regard to the error to be determined), is used in place of the true
value. This value may be traced to standards agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user, or to national
standards. In both cases, the uncertainty of the conventionally true value shall be stated.
6.6.3 Relative error
The ratio of the absolute error to a stated value.
6.6.4 Percentage error
The relative error, expressed as a percentage, such as per cent of full scale (the maximum
value of the effective range), per cent of the indicated or pre-set value or of the rated value.
6.7 Terms related to stability
6.7.1 Stability
The ability of the generator to maintain its indicated or supplied value during a specified time,
other conditions remaining constant.
7. Terms related to the conditions of testing operation, transpo rt and storage
7.1. Rates range of use
uence quantity within which the requirements concerning
The range of values for an infl
operating error are satisfied.
7.2. Rated operating conditions
The whole of the effective ranges for performance characteristics, and rated ranges of use for
influence quantities, within which the performance of the generator is specified.
7.3 Reference conditions
A set of values with tolerances or a set of restricted ranges, fixed for in fluence quantities and
for influencing characteristics if any, specified for making comparison and calibration tests.
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7.4 Limit conditions of operation
The whole of the ranges of values for influence quantities and performance characteristics
(beyond the rated ranges of use and effective ranges respectively) within which a generator can
function without resulting in damage or degradation of performance when it is afterwards
operated under rated operating conditions.
Note.
—The limit conditions will, in general, include overload.
7.5 Conditions of storage and transport
The whole of the conditions of temperature, humidity, air pressure, vibration, shock, etc.,
within which the generator may be stored or transported in an inoperative condition, without
resulting in damage or degradation of performance when it is afterwards operated under rated
operating conditions.
8. Limits of error
The maximum values of error assigned by the manufacturer to a measured or supplied
quantity of a generator operating under specified conditions.
8.1 Operating error
The error determined under rated operating conditions.
8.2. Intrinsic error
The error determined under reference conditions.
8.3 Influence error
The error determined when one influence quantity assumes any value within its rated range of
use (or an influencing characteristic assumes any value within its effective range) all others being
at reference conditions.
—When over the whole rated range of use a substantially linear relationship exists between the influence error and
Note.
the effect causing it, the relationship may be conveniently expressed in coefficient form.
8.4 Stability error
The error which occurs in the indicated or supplied value of a generator during a specified
time, other conditions remaining constant.
8.5 Variation
The difference between the values of a parameter when one in fluence quantity assumes
successively two specified values within its nominal range of use, the others being at reference
conditions.
Note. —The "nominal range of use" corresponds here to the "rated range of use" appearing in this standard.
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Technical terms
9.
9.1 General terms
9.1.1 Warm up time
The time interval after switching on the generator under specified conditions, necessary for it
to comply with all performance requirements.
9.1.2 Preliminary adjustment
A preliminary operation which, if required, precedes the operation of a generator and its
associated generator accessories for measurement purposes, and in which specified adjustable
parts are altered or set:
1) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;
without disassembly of the generator or its associated generator accessories; and
2)
without the use of any additional apparatus, other than the associated generator accessories
3)
in order to provide operation of the generator which complies with all performance require-
ments.
9.2 Generator operating modes and controls
A generator may operate in any of the operating modes defined in this sub-clause where,
except as noted, all defined operating modes are mutually exclusive.
9.2.1 Normal mode (internal triggering mode)
The operating mode in which a generator produces one output pulse for each cycle of an
internally generated signal.
9.2.2 Manual mode
The operating mode in which a generator produces one output pulse for each actuation of a
manual control.
9.2.3 Triggered mode
The operating mode in which a generator produces one output pulse for each occurrence or
cycle of an electrical signal which is provided by other apparatus.
9.2.4 Synchronized mode
The operating mode in which a generator produces one output pulse for each cycle of an
internally generated signal and in which the internal signal is synchronized with a signal which is
provided by other apparatus.
9.2.5 Burst mode
The operating mode in which a generator produces a pulse burst with predetermined charac-
teristic for each cycle of an internally generated signal and in which, for the pulse burst duration,
operation may be in normal mode, triggered mode, or synchronized mode.
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9.2.6 Triggered burst mode
The operating mode in which a generator produces a pulse burst with predetermined charac-
teristics for each occurrence or cycle of an electrical signal which is provided by other apparatus
and in which, for the pulse burst duration, operation may be in normal mode, triggered mode, or
synchronized mode.
9.2.7
Gated mode
The operating mode in which a generator produces a pulse burst for the duration of an
electrical signal which is provided by other apparatus and in which, for the pulse burst duration,
operation may be in normal mode, triggered mode, or synchronized mode.
9.2.8
Modulated mode
The operating mode in which generator operation is identical to normal mode, triggered
mode, or synchronized mode except that, in addition, the magnitude of a specified performance
characteristic of the constituent pulses of the output pulse train is a function of the value of an
electrical signal which may be provided by other apparatus.
9.2.9 Square wave mode
An operating mode of a generator which may be operative concurrently with any mode which
is defined in Sub-clauses 9.2.1 and 9.2.3 to 9.2.8 above, and in which the output pulses have a
duty factor of 0.5.
9.2.10 Double pulse mode
An operating mode of a generator which may be operative concurrently with any other mode
which is defined in Sub-clauses 9.2.1 to 9.2.8 above, and in which the generator produces two
output pulses for each cycle of an internally generated signal or each cycle or occurrence of an
electrical signal from external apparatus. Typically, the two pulses thus produced have nominally
identical characteristics, the second pulse being delayed in time relative to the first.
9.2.11 Operating mode control
A control which provides means for establishing the operation of a generator in one or more
of the operating modes defined in Sub-clauses 9.2.1 to 9.2.10 above.
9.3 Input signal terms
A generator, depending on the generator operating modes provided, may accept any of the
input signals, and may have any of the input terminals or input signal controls defined in this
sub-clause.
Note. –The input signal terms defined in this sub-clause apply to inputs which are usually located on the front panel of a
generator. Programming signals (see Clause 17), which are also input signals, usually have their inputs located on
the real panel of a generator. The distinction between the two types of inputs cannot be clearly drawn. If
appropriate or desirable, any input may be described both in terms of this sub-clause and as a programming
signal input.
9.3.1 Manual trigger
A trigger which is actuated by hand in manual mode.
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9.3.2 Line trigger
An electrical input signal, at the frequency of the line (mains) supply and normally derived
internally, which may be operative in triggered mode.
9.3.3 Trigger input
An electrical input signal from external apparatus which may be operative in triggered mode.
Synchronizing input
9.3.4
An electrical input signal from external apparatus which is operative in synchronized mode.
9.3.5 Burst trigger input
An electrical input signal from external apparatus which is operative in triggered burst mode.
9.3.6 Gate input
An electrical input signal from external apparatus which is operative in gated mode.
9.3.7 Modulating input
An electrical input signal from external apparatus which is operative in modulated mode.
9.3.8 Input terminal
A multi-conductor electrical connection through which any of the electrical input signals
defined in Sub-clauses 9.3.3 to 9.3.7, or any other electrical input signal, may be introduced into
a generator from other apparatus.
Input terminal nomenclature
9.3.9
The name of any generator input terminal is formed by appending the word "terminal" after
the name of the electrical input signal which the terminal will accept (for example trigger input;
trigger input terminal).
9.3.10 Input value (amplitude) control
A control which provides means for setting the internally effective value or amplitude of any
of the electrical inputs to a generator.
9.3.11 Input polarity (slope polarity) control
A control which provides means for setting the internally effective polarity (slope polarity) of
any of the electrical inputs to a generator.
9.4. Input circuit terms
The terms defined in this sub-clause apply to all generator input circuits which accept the
electrical input signals defined in Sub-clauses 9.3.2 to 9.3.7.
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9.4.1 Input impedance
The impedance, expressed as:
1) complex impedance at a specified frequency;
equivalent resistance in parallel with an equivalent capacitance or inductance; or
2)
3) equivalent resistance in series with an equivalent capacitance or inductance
which is present at an input terminal.
9.4.2 Input impedance nomenclature
The name of any generator input impedance is formed by appending the word "impedance"
after the name of the electrical input signal (for example trigger input; trigger input impedance).
9.4.3 Input impedance control
A control which provides means for setting the value of an input impedance of a generator.
9.5 Output signal terms
A generator, depending on the generator operating modes provided, may generate any of the
output signals, and may have any of the output terminals or output signal controls defined in this
sub-clause.
Note. — The output signal controls defined in this sub-clause are, typically, manual controls which are located on the
front panel of a generator. Programmable control of output signals (see Clause 17) may also be provided in a
generator.
9.5.1 Generator output
The main or primary signal output(s) of a generator.
9.5.2 Positive (negative) generator output
A generator output which provides positive (negative) output pulses.
Generator offset output
9.5.3
An auxiliary electrical output signal which, when provided, is combined by superposition with
the generator output.
9.5.4 Trigger output
An auxiliary electrical output signal which occurs coherently and in a predetermined time
relationship with generator output pulses.
9.5.5 End (beginning) of burst output
An auxiliary electrical output signal which occurs once for each generator output pulse burst
and in a predetermined time relationship to the end (beginning) of each pulse burst.
9.5.6 Output terminal
A multi-conductor electrical connection through which any of the outputs defined in Sub-
clauses 9.5.1 to 9.5.5 or any other signal output, may be taken from a generator.
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9.5.7 Output terminal nomenclature
The name of any generator output terminal is formed by appending the word "terminal" after
the name of the electrical output which the terminal will deliver (for example trigger output;
trigger output terminal).
9.5.8 Output value (amplitude) control
A control which provides means for setting the value or amplitude of any of the electrical
outputs from a generator.
9.5.9 Output state (polarity) control
A control which provides means for setting the state (polarity) of any of the electrical outputs
from a generator.
9.6 Output circuit terms
The terms defined in this sub-clause apply to all generator outputs which are defined in Sub-
clauses 9.5.1 to 9.5.5.
9.6.1 Output circuit
An electrical circuit which is capable of delivering electrical energy through an associated
output terminal to an impedance or apparatus external to the generator.
9.6.2 Low impedance source
An output circuit whose ideal equivalent circuit consists of an ideal voltage generator con-
nected in series with an ideal resistance and which is designed to deliver electrical energy to an
external resistive impedance which is large compared to the ideal series resistance.
9.6.3 Specified impedance source
An output circuit whose ideal equivalent circuit consists of an ideal voltage (current) genera-
tor connected in series (parallel) with an ideal resistance (conductance) and which is designed to
deliver electrical energy to an external resistive impedance (conductive admittance) which is
substantially equal to the ideal series resistance (parallel
...
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