oSIST prEN 13232-3:2020

Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for Vignole rails - Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction

This part of this European Standard specifies:
- characterisation of wheel and track dimensions;
- geometric design principles for wheel guidance;
- design principles for wheel load transfer;
- deciding whether movable crossings are needed.
These are illustrated by their application to turnout components:
- switches;
- crossings;
- check rails.
but the principles apply equally to more complex layouts.

Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und Kreuzungen für Vignolschienen - Teil 3: Anforderungen an das Zusammenspiel Rad/Schiene

Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Appareils de voie - Partie 3: Exigences pour l'interaction Roue/Rail

Le présent document définit les principaux critères concernant l'interaction roue/voie à prendre en compte lors de la conception géométrique des appareils de voie.
Il spécifie :
- la caractérisation des dimensions des roues et des voies ;
- les principes de conception géométrique pour le guidage des roues ;
- les principes de conception pour le transfert de la charge à la roue ;
- la nécessité ou non d'utiliser des cœurs à parties mobiles.
Ces aspects sont représentés en les appliquant aux composants de branchements suivants :
- aiguillages ;
- cœurs ;
- contre-rails.
Toutefois, les principes s'appliquent également aux appareils de voie plus complexes. Des définitions simplifiées relatives aux cotes sécuritaires et fonctionnelles peuvent en outre être utilisées conjointement aux principes généraux, dans le cadre d'une évaluation plus approfondie.

Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Kretnice in križišča za Vignolove tirnice - 3. del: Zahteve na stiku kolo-tirnica

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-Mar-2020
• ICS: 45.080 - Rails and railway components
• Technical Committee: IŽNP - Reilway applications
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 31-Jan-2020
• Due Date: 19-Jun-2020
• Completion Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Directive: 2008/57/EC - Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (Recast)
• Directive: 2016/797/EU - Directive (EU) 2016/797 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/483 - Mandate for programming and standardisation addressed to the European standardisation bodies under directive 2008/57/EC in the field of the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union
• Ref Project: prEN 13232-3 - Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for Vignole rails - Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction

RELATIONS

• Revised: SIST EN 13232-3:2004+A1:2012 - Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings - Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction
• Effective Date: 31-Oct-2018

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13232-3:2020
01-marec-2020

Železniške naprave - Zgornji ustroj proge - Kretnice in križišča za Vignolove tirnice

- 3. del: Zahteve na stiku kolo-tirnica

Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for Vignole rails - Part 3:

Requirements for wheel/rail interaction
Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und Kreuzungen für Vignolschienen - Teil 3:
Anforderungen an das Zusammenspiel Rad/Schiene

Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Appareils de voie - Partie 3: Exigences pour

l'interaction Roue/Rail
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13232-3
ICS:
45.080 Tračnice in železniški deli Rails and railway
components
oSIST prEN 13232-3:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 13232-3:2020
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oSIST prEN 13232-3:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13232-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2020
ICS 93.100 Will supersede EN 13232-3:2003+A1:2011
English Version
Railway applications - Track - Switches and crossings for
Vignole rails - Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail
interaction

Applications ferroviaires - Infrastructure - Appareils de Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Weichen und

voie - Partie 3: Exigences pour l'interaction Roue/Rail Kreuzungen für Vignolschienen - Teil 3: Anforderungen

an das Zusammenspiel Rad/Schiene

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 256.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13232-3:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 6

4 Inputs ................................................................................................................................................................ 10

4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

4.2 Wheel and track parameters ................................................................................................................... 10

4.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 10

4.2.2 Wheel profiles ............................................................................................................................................... 10

4.2.3 Wheelsets ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

4.2.4 Rail and track ................................................................................................................................................. 10

4.2.5 Tolerances and wear ................................................................................................................................... 11

4.3 Contact zone ................................................................................................................................................... 13

4.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 13

4.3.2 Contact danger zone .................................................................................................................................... 13

4.3.3 Flangeway depth .......................................................................................................................................... 13

4.3.4 Flangeway width .......................................................................................................................................... 13

5 Guidance principles..................................................................................................................................... 13

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 13

5.2 Guard and check rails ................................................................................................................................. 14

5.3 Wheelset guidance ....................................................................................................................................... 14

5.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 14

5.3.2 Angle of attack ............................................................................................................................................... 15

5.3.3 Flangeway ....................................................................................................................................................... 15

5.3.4 Gauge widening ............................................................................................................................................. 17

5.3.5 Check rail and common crossing nose ................................................................................................. 17

5.3.6 Obtuse Crossings .......................................................................................................................................... 17

5.4 Transitional guidance ................................................................................................................................ 18

5.5 Entry flares ..................................................................................................................................................... 18

6 Rules ................................................................................................................................................................. 18

6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 18

6.2 Security against derailment ..................................................................................................................... 18

6.3 Wheel profiles and wear ............................................................................................................................ 19

6.4 Angle of attack ............................................................................................................................................... 20

6.5 Apparent wheel profiles ............................................................................................................................ 21

6.6 Tangent and secant contact ...................................................................................................................... 21

7 Common derailment-critical situations ............................................................................................... 21

7.1 Tangent contact ............................................................................................................................................ 21

7.2 Secant contact at partially open switch tip or crossing nose ....................................................... 22

7.3 Secant contact at damaged switch tip ................................................................................................... 23

7.4 Limits ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

8 Output - Functional and Safety Dimensions (FSDs) ......................................................................... 24

8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 24

8.2 Switch panel ................................................................................................................................................... 24

8.2.1 Free wheel passage in switches F .................................................................................................. 24

WPS

8.2.2 Entry angle ...................................................................................................................................................... 25

8.2.3 Switch point relief A2 ................................................................................................................................. 26

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8.2.4 Lateral point retraction ............................................................................................................................. 28

8.2.5 Lateral point machining ............................................................................................................................. 29

8.2.6 Gauge in diverging track – vehicle with 3 axles................................................................................. 30

8.3 Common crossing panel ............................................................................................................................. 31

8.3.1 Fixed nose protection N ....................................................................................................................... 31

pcf

8.3.2 Free wheel passage in fixed common crossing F ..................................................................... 32

wpcf

8.3.3 Free wheel passage at check rail entry F ................................................................................. 32

wpcre

8.3.4 Free wheel passage at wing rail entry F ................................................................................. 33

wpwre

8.3.5 Minimum flangeway depth h ............................................................................................................... 35

8.3.6 Flangeway width in diverging track ...................................................................................................... 35

8.3.7 Parallel check rail length ........................................................................................................................... 37

8.3.8 Check rail and raised check rail .............................................................................................................. 37

8.4 Obtuse crossing panel ................................................................................................................................. 38

8.4.1 Free wheel passage F ......................................................................................................................... 38

wpof

8.4.2 Unguided length ............................................................................................................................................ 40

8.4.3 Check rail ......................................................................................................................................................... 40

8.4.4 Free wheel passage at check rail entry................................................................................................. 40

8.4.5 Nose protection N ................................................................................................................................... 41

pof

8.5 General items (may occur in all zones within or outside S&C) .................................................... 43

8.5.1 Check rail and wing rail entry flare ....................................................................................................... 43

8.5.2 Flangeway width – Wheel trapping ....................................................................................................... 43

9 Additional requirements ........................................................................................................................... 43

9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 43

9.2 Guidance .......................................................................................................................................................... 43

9.3 Wheel load transfer ..................................................................................................................................... 44

9.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 44

9.3.2 Running surface design .............................................................................................................................. 46

9.3.3 Method of assessment................................................................................................................................. 46

9.4 Insufficient wheel support or guidance ............................................................................................... 46

9.4.1 Common crossings ....................................................................................................................................... 46

9.4.2 Obtuse crossings ........................................................................................................................................... 46

9.4.3 Movable crossings ........................................................................................................................................ 46

Annex A (informative) Functional and safety dimensions (FSDs). Examples used in

European Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 47

Annex B (normative) Obtuse crossing unguided length ............................................................................. 48

Annex C (informative) Examples of Switch Entry Angle .............................................................................. 52

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the

Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EU aimed to be covered ........................ 55

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 58

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European foreword

This document (prEN 13232-3:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256

“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13232-3:2003+A1:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the

European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential

requirements of EU Directive 2016/797/EU.

For relationship with EU Directive 2016/797/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an

integral part of this document.

This series of standards “Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails”

covers the design and quality of switches and crossings in flat bottomed rail. The list of Parts is

as follows:
— Part 1: Definitions
— Part 2: Requirements for geometric design
— Part 3: Requirements for wheel/rail interaction
— Part 4: Actuation, locking and detection
— Part 5: Switches
— Part 6: Fixed common and obtuse crossings
— Part 7: Crossings with moveable parts
— Part 8: Expansion devices
— Part 9: Layouts

Part 1 contains terminology used throughout all parts of this series. Parts 2 to 4 contain basic

design guides and are applicable to all switch and crossing assemblies. Parts 5 to 8 deal with

particular types of equipment including their tolerances. These use Parts 1 to 4 as a basis. Part

9 defines the geometric and non-geometric acceptance criteria for layout inspection.

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1 Scope

This document defines the main wheel/track interaction criteria to be taken into account

during the geometrical design of switches and crossings (S&C) layouts.
It specifies:
— characterization of wheel and track dimensions;
— geometric design principles for wheel guidance;
— design principles for wheel load transfer;
— whether movable crossings are needed.
These are illustrated by their application to turnout components:
— switches;
— crossings;
— check rails,

but the principles apply equally to more complex layouts. There are also simplified definitions

of the safety and functional dimensions, which can be used in conjunction with the general

principles as the basis for more in-depth assessment.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their

content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited

applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any

amendments) applies.

prEN 13232-4:2020, Railway applications – Track – Switches and crossings for Vignole rails –

Part 4: Actuation, locking and detection

EN 13715:2006+A1:2010, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Tread profile

EN 15313:2016, Railway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service

and off-vehicle wheelset maintenance

EN 15273-1:2013+A1:2016, Railway applications - Gauges - Part 1: General - Common rules for

infrastructure and rolling stock

EN 15273-2:2013+A1:2016, Railway applications - Gauges - Part 2: Rolling stock gauge

EN 15273-3:2013+A1:2016, Railway applications - Gauges - Part 3: Structure gauges

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC

maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
customer

term used to define one party involved in using the EN as the technical basis for a transaction:

the Operator or User of the equipment, or the Purchaser of the equipment on the User's behalf

3.2
supplier

term used to define one party involved in using the EN as the technical basis for a transaction:

the Body responsible for the use of the EN in response to the Customer's requirements

3.3
guiding force

force, acting parallel to the running surface, between the wheel and the relevant track

component (usually a rail)
3.4
wheel load

force, acting perpendicular to the running surface, between the wheel on one hand and the

relevant track component (rail)
3.5
contact angle

angle of the contact plane measured at the contact point A between the wheel and the track

component. In the case of a two-point contact, the one nearest the wheel flange shall be

considered (see Figure 1)
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Key
contact angle
A contact point
Figure 1 — Contact angle
3.6
friction coefficient

friction coefficient encountered at the contact point where the contact angle is determined

3.7
flange sharpness

parameter which characterises the flange angle of the wheel as a linear dimension. The

measurement is taken at the active side of the flange as defined in Figure 2. It is the distance,

parallel to the wheel axis, between the following two points:

• reference point on the profile, at a distance from wheel axis of 10 mm more than the wheel

radius;

• a reference point located at a distance 2 mm from the flange tip towards the wheel axis

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Key
d wheel diameter qR flange sharpness
D0 position of wheel tread L rim width
h flange height
Figure 2 — Wheel parameters
3.8
flange height
parameter h in Figures 2 and 5
3.9
wheel back-to-back
parameter a in Figures 2, 5 and 31

Note 1 to entry: An index max or min is given to this symbol according respectively to the maximum

and minimum values that can occur during operation.
3.10
flange width
parameter b in Figures 2 and 5

Note 1 to entry: An index max or min is given to this symbol according respectively to the maximum

and minimum values that can occur during operation.
3.11
switch point retraction

distance E, measured at the reference plane, between the reference line of switch and stock rail

at the actual switch toe (see Figure 3)
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Key
E Point retraction
Z1 Switch rail machining reference plane (see EN 13232-5)
Z2 Stock rail machining reference plane (see EN 13232-5)
Figure 3 — Switch point retraction
3.12
point retraction in fixed common crossing

reference line in a fixed common crossing which can deviate from the theoretical geometry line

Note 1 to entry: From a certain distance to the crossing point, the reference line of the Vee can,

depending on the design, be removed from this theoretical line away from the wheel flange in order to

avoid contact between both elements. This situation is described in Figure 4.
Key
1 Theoretical reference line
2 Actual reference line
3 Point retraction
4 Mathematical point (MP)
5 Actual point (RP)
Figure 4 — Point retraction in fixed common crossing

Note 2 to entry: The value of the point retraction is measured at the actual point (RP).

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3.13
false flange

flange on the overhanging portion of a wheel tread caused by wear on the wheel tread in the

area where the wheel and the rail normally make contact (see Figure 7 item 1)
4 Inputs
4.1 General

The motion of wheels and transfer of wheel loads is a complex subject, involving the

accumulation of extensive data and an understanding of dynamic effects.

By making certain assumptions it is feasible to define rules which are simple yet rigorous

enough for design of all types of switches and crossings. Some of these rules assume a 2-axle

bogie or vehicle. The need for other special requirements such as those posed by 3-axle or

other vehicles shall be stated by the Customer.
4.2 Wheel and track parameters
4.2.1 Introduction

This clause deals with the key parameters needed for the analysis of the interaction between

wheels and the track, either for guidance calculations or load transfer calculations.

Wheel and track dimensions are defined below.
4.2.2 Wheel profiles

Sufficient dimensions of the cross-section or profile of a wheel are required for switch and

crossing design. As a minimum, a dimensioned profile drawing shall be provided by the

customer, with the following key dimensions as defined in Figure 5:
— flange width, height and flange angle;
— tyre/rim width and tread angle;
— wheel diameter or radius.
4.2.3 Wheelsets

Additional parameters related to the wheelsets are required for calculations for wheelset

guidance. The Customer shall provide the following parameter values:
— wheel back-to-back (see Figure 2 or 5);
— axle spacing;
— number of axles;
— clearance of middle axles, if applicable;
— bogie spacing and minimum curve radius for vehicles.
4.2.4 Rail and track

The key parameters related to the track geometry which are used in calculations for wheelset

guidance are shown in Figure 6 and listed below:
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— centreline radius (R);
— track gauge (G);
— dimension for nose protection (check gauge) (F);
— crossing flangeway (D).
and the following shall be provided by the Customer:
— maximum permissible check rail height above running table (H).
4.2.5 Tolerances and wear

It is necessary to consider tolerances and wear in order to design correctly. These are

alternatively referred to as manufacturing tolerances and service tolerances.

If the Customer provides worn wheel profiles or amounts of wear, then these should be used.

Otherwise the assumptions made by the Supplier shall form the basis for design, and these shall

be stated. The following areas of wear shall be considered:
— back of wheel flanges;
— front of wheel flanges;
— false flanges;
— flange angle.

Locations of typical lateral wheel and track wear are shown in Figure 7. These shall be taken

into account when designing flangeway gaps. See Clause 5.

Vertical wear, examples of which are also illustrated in Figure 7, is more relevant to wheel load

transfer. See Clause 6.
A false flange of 2 mm shall be allowed for in the design.
Vertical wear to the rail head occurs but is not shown in the figure.
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Key
a back-to-back dimension L rim width
a front-to-front dimension Z1 internal zone of flange
D0 position of wheel tread (1) wheel 1 (2) wheel 2 FEJ external face of rim
e1,e2 flange thicknesses FIJ internal face of rim
h flange height S flange tip
H transition point d , d wheel diameters
2 1 2
Figure 5 — Key wheel dimensions (in addition to profile details)
Key
1 Highside rail D crossing flangeway
2 Wing R track radius
3 Check rail F dimension for nose protection
4 Lowside rail H height of check rail
Figure 6 — Key track dimensions
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Key
1 False flange 4 Wing wear
2 Guard or check rail wear 5 Wheel wear (front)
3 Wheel wear (back) also on left wheel 6 Vee wear
Figure 7 — Locations of wheel and rail wear
4.3 Contact zone
4.3.1 Introduction

For switch and crossing design, there are issues which shall be verified during design. These

are as follows.
4.3.2 Contact danger zone

The wheel profile supplied by the Customer shall indicate the danger zone for guidance contact,

which is that part of the wheel flange which falls on the flange radius and which therefore

exceeds the angle for safe guidance. The switch and crossing Supplier shall ensure that

guidance contact does not take place within this zone for both new and worn wheels, except

where it is agreed that flange-running is a normal operating regime.
The danger zone is illustrated in Figures 16 and 17.
4.3.3 Flangeway depth

The depth of the flangeway shall be sufficient to prevent flanges from running on the floor of

the flangeway except if otherwise required by the Customer. This shall be verified considering

the increased depth of flange of a maximum worn wheel and with the shallow flangeway of a

maximum worn running surface of a rail.
4.3.4 Flangeway width

Flangeway width is governed by a number of vehicle and track parameters as described in the

following sections.
5 Guidance principles
5.1 General
The guidance of a wheel
...