SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests (ISO 13500:2008)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests (ISO 13500:2008)
This International Standard covers physical properties and test procedures for materials manufactured for use in oil- and gas-well drilling fluids. The materials covered are barite, haematite, bentonite, nontreated bentonite, OCMA-grade bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, technical-grade low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-LVT), technical-grade high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-HVT), starch, low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV), high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) and drilling-grade Xanthomonas campestris (Xanthan gum). This International Standard is intended for the use of manufacturers of named products.
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Bohrspülungen - Spezifikationen und Prüfungen (ISO 13500:2008)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Produits pour fluides de forage - Spécifications et essais (ISO 13500:2008)
L'ISO 13500:2008 traite des propriétés physiques et des procédures d'essai relatives aux produits fabriqués en vue d'être utilisés dans les fluides de forage des puits de pétrole et de gaz. Les produits concernés sont la baryte, l'hématite, la bentonite, la bentonite non traitée, la bentonite de qualité OCMA (Oil Company Materials Association), l'attapulgite, la sépiolite, la carboxyméthylcellulose technique de basse viscosité (CMC‑LVT), la carboxyméthylcellulose technique de haute viscosité (CMC-HVT), l'amidon, la cellulose polyanionique de basse viscosité (PAC-LV), la cellulose polyanionique de haute viscosité (PAC-HV) et Xanthomonas campestris de qualité de forage (gomme Xanthane). L'ISO 13500:2008 est destinée à être utilisé par les fabricants des produits cités.
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Materiali za vrtalne tekočine - Specifikacije in preskusi (ISO 13500:2008)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
01-januar-2009
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 13500:2006
,QGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD0DWHULDOL]DYUWDOQHWHNRþLQH
6SHFLILNDFLMHLQSUHVNXVL ,62
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests
(ISO 13500:2008)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Bohrspülungen - Spezifikationen und Prüfungen (ISO
13500:2008)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Produits pour fluides de forage - Spécifications
et essais (ISO 13500:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13500:2008
ICS:
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
SIST EN ISO 13500:2009 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13500
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2008
ICS 75.180.10 Supersedes EN ISO 13500:2006
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials -
Specifications and tests (ISO 13500:2008)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Produits pour Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Bohrspülungen -
fluides de forage - Spécifications et essais (ISO Spezifikationen und Prüfungen (ISO 13500:2008)
13500:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 October 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13500:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
EN ISO 13500:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
2
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
EN ISO 13500:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13500:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and
natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13500:2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13500:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13500:2008 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13500
Third edition
2008-11-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Drilling fluid materials — Specifications
and tests
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Produits pour fluides de
forage — Spécifications et essais
Reference number
ISO 13500:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
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© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 1
4 Requirements . 4
5 Calibration . 4
6 Packaged material . 11
7 Barite. 13
8 Haematite (hematite). 22
9 Bentonite . 30
10 Non-treated bentonite. 34
11 OCMA grade bentonite. 36
12 Attapulgite . 40
13 Sepiolite . 43
14 Technical-grade low-viscosity CMC (CMC-LVT). 46
15 Technical-grade high-viscosity CMC (CMC-HVT). 50
16 Starch. 55
17 Low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV). 59
18 High-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) . 66
19 Drilling-grade xanthan gum . 71
Annex A (informative) Mineral impurities in barite . 83
Annex B (informative) Test precision. 84
Annex C (informative) Examples of calculations . 89
Bibliography . 93
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13500 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids,
and well cements.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13500:2006), subclauses 7.1.2/Table 2, 7.3.1,
8.5.2, 8.6.5, 8.13.4, 10.2.5, 11.4, 14.4.3, and 15.4.3 of which have been technically revised. Clause 17 on low-
viscosity polyanionic cellulose, Clause 18 on high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose, and Clause 19 on drilling-
grade xanthan gum have been added.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
Introduction
This International Standard covers materials that are in common usage in petroleum and natural-gas drilling
fluids. These materials are used in bulk quantities, can be purchased from multiple sources and are available
as commodity products. No single-source or limited-source products are included, nor are speciality products.
International Standards are published to facilitate communication between purchasers and manufacturers, to
provide interchangeability between similar equipment and materials purchased from different manufacturers
and/or at different times and to provide an adequate level of safety when the equipment or materials are
utilized in the manner and for the purposes intended. This International Standard provides minimum
requirements and is not intended to inhibit anyone from purchasing or producing materials to other standards.
This International Standard is substantially based on API Spec 13A, 16th Edition, February 1, 2004. The
purpose of this International Standard is to provide product specifications for barite, haematite, bentonite,
nontreated bentonite, Oil Companies' Materials Association (OCMA) grade bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite,
technical-grade low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-LVT), technical-grade high-viscosity
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-HVT), starch, low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose, high-viscosity polyanionic
cellulose and drilling-grade Xanthomaonas campestris.
The intent of the document is to incorporate all International Standards for drilling fluid materials into an ISO-
formatted document. A survey of the industry found that only the American Petroleum Institute (API) issued
testing procedures and specification standards for these materials.
Reference to OCMA materials has been included in API work, as the OCMA and subsequent holding
committees were declared defunct, and all specifications were submitted to API in 1983.
Annex A (informative) lists the mineral impurities in barite, Annex B (informative) provides the test precision
and Annex C (informative) details examples of calculations.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13500:2008(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid
materials — Specifications and tests
1 Scope
This International Standard covers physical properties and test procedures for materials manufactured for use
in oil- and gas-well drilling fluids. The materials covered are barite, haematite, bentonite, nontreated bentonite,
OCMA-grade bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, technical-grade low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose
(CMC-LVT), technical-grade high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-HVT), starch, low-viscosity
polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV), high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) and drilling-grade
Xanthomonas campestris (Xanthan gum). This International Standard is intended for the use of manufacturers
of named products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6780, Flat pallets for intercontinental materials handling — Principal dimensions and tolerances
ISO 10414-1:2008, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids — Part 1: Water-
based fluids
ASTM D422, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
ASTM E11, Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
ASTM E161, Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
ASTM E77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
ASTM E177, Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
NIST (NBS) Monograph 150, Liquid-In-Glass Thermometry
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
ACS reagent grade
chemicals that meet purity standards as specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS)
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
3.1.2
flash side
side containing residue (“flash”) from stamping, or the side with concave indentation
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
ACS American Chemical Society
API American Petroleum Institute
APME Association of Plastic Manufacturers in Europe
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
CAS Chemical Abstracts Service
CMC-HVT Carboxymethylcellulose — High-viscosity, technical-grade
CMC-LVT Carboxymethylcellulose — Low-viscosity, technical-grade
OCMA Oil Companies' Materials Association
NBS National Bureau of Standards
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
TC to contain
TD to deliver
B hydrometer correction curve intercept
c
b yield point/plastic viscosity ratio
D equivalent particle diameter immediately greater than 6 µm, determined in Equation (9)
1
D equivalent particle diameter immediately less than 6 µm, determined in Equation (9)
2
D equivalent spherical diameter, expressed in micrometres
e
C calibration correction
c
C 40 times the EDTA volume, expressed in millilitres
m
K sample constant
S
L effective depth, expressed in centimetres
log(η /η ) correction for temperature variance
20 θ
M hydrometer correction curve slope
c
m sample mass, expressed in grams
m residue mass, expressed in grams
2
m mass of the 425 µm sieve, expressed in grams
3
m mass of 425 µm sieve and sample retained, expressed in grams
4
m mass passing through a 425 µm sieve, expressed in grams
5
m mass of the bottom receiver, expressed in grams
6
m mass of the bottom receiver and sample content, expressed in grams
7
m mass of sample passing through a 75 µm sieve, expressed in grams
8
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
R hydrometer reading
R average hydrometer reading at lower temperature
1
R average hydrometer reading at higher temperature
2
R viscometer dial reading at 600 r/min
600
R viscometer dial reading at 300 r/min
300
S sample test value
s
t time, expressed in minutes
V total filtrate volume, expressed in millilitres
V filtrate volume, expressed in millilitres, collected between 7,5 min and 30 min
c
V initial volume, expressed in millilitres
1
V final volume, expressed in millilitres
2
V volume EDTA used, expressed in millilitres
3
V volume of filtrate used, expressed in millilitres
4
w mass fraction residue of particles greater than 75 µm, expressed in percent
1
w cumulative percent for point immediately greater than 6 µm
2
w cumulative percent for point immediately less than 6 µm
3
w cumulative percent less than 6 µm
4
w mass fraction residue of particles greater than 45 µm, expressed in percent (see 8.9.6)
5
w mass fraction moisture, expressed in percent
6
w cumulative percent finer
a
w soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium, expressed in milligrams per kilogram
AEM
w mass fraction of sample passing through a 75 µm sieve, expressed in percent
75
w mass fraction passing through a 425 µm sieve, expressed in percent
425
ρ sample density, expressed in grams per millilitre
θ temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit
θ average temperature reading at lower temperature
1
θ average temperature reading at higher temperature
2
η apparent viscosity, expressed in centipoise
A
η viscosity of water, expressed in millipascal seconds
η 1,002, is the viscosity of water at 20 °C (68 °F)
20
η viscosity at desired temperature (see Table 3)
θ
η plastic viscosity, expressed in millipascal·seconds
P
2
η yield point, expressed in pounds per 100 ft
Y
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
4 Requirements
4.1 Quality control instructions
All quality control work shall be controlled by manufacturer's documented instructions, which include
appropriate methodology and quantitative or qualitative acceptance criteria.
4.2 Use of test calibration materials in checking testing procedures
1)
4.2.1 Test calibration barite and test calibration bentonite can be obtained by contacting the API . The
calibration test materials are shipped in a 7,6 l (2 gal) plastic container.
4.2.2 The API office forwards the request to the designated custodian for further handling. The test
calibration products are furnished with a certificate of calibration giving the established values for each
property and the confidence limits within which a laboratory's results shall fall.
4.2.3 The custodian shall furnish a certificate of analysis for each sample.
4.2.4 For calibration requirements of API test calibration materials, refer to 5.2.11 and 5.3.10.
4.2.5 API standard evaluation base clay (formerly OCMA base clay; not OCMA grade bentonite): stocks of
API standard evaluation base clay have been set aside and can be ordered through the API.
4.3 Records retention
All records specified in this International Standard shall be maintained for a minimum of five years from the
date of preparation.
5 Calibration
5.1 Coverage
5.1.1 Clause 5 covers calibration procedures and calibration intervals for laboratory equipment and
reagents specified. For laboratory items not listed, the manufacturer shall develop procedures where deemed
appropriate.
5.1.2 The manufacturer shall control, calibrate, verify and maintain the laboratory equipment and reagents
used in this International Standard for measuring product conformance to International Standard requirements.
5.1.3 The manufacturer shall maintain and use laboratory equipment and reagents in a manner such that
measurement uncertainty is known and meets required measurement capability.
5.1.4 The manufacturer shall document and maintain calibration procedures, including details of laboratory
equipment and reagent type, identification number, frequency of checks, acceptance criteria and corrective
action that shall be taken when results are unsatisfactory.
5.1.5 The manufacturer shall establish and document responsibility for administration of the calibration
program, and responsibility for corrective action.
5.1.6 The manufacturer shall document and maintain calibration records for laboratory equipment and
reagents; shall periodically review these records for trends, sudden shifts or other signals of approaching
malfunction; and shall identify each item with a suitable indicator or approved identification record to show
calibration status.
1) American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005-4070, USA.
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
5.2 Equipment requiring calibration
5.2.1 Volumetric glassware
Laboratory volumetric glassware used for final acceptance, including Le Chatelier flasks, pipettes, and
burettes, are usually calibrated by the supplier. Manufacturers of products to this International Standard shall
document evidence of glassware calibration prior to use. Supplier certification is acceptable. Calibration may
be checked gravimetrically. Periodic recalibration is not required.
5.2.2 Laboratory thermometers
5.2.2.1 The manufacturer shall calibrate all laboratory thermometers used in measuring product
conformance to standards against a secondary reference thermometer. The secondary reference
thermometer shall show evidence of calibration as performed against NIST-certified master instruments, in
accordance with the procedures specified by ASTM E77 and NIST (NBS) Monograph 150.
5.2.2.2 Calibration — Thermometers
5.2.2.2.1 Place the thermometer being calibrated side by side with a secondary reference thermometer into
a constant-temperature water bath (or suitable container of 4 l or more, filled with water, on a counter in a
constant-temperature room) and allow to equilibrate for at least 1 h.
5.2.2.2.2 Read both thermometers and record readings.
5.2.2.2.3 Repeat readings throughout at least a 1 h interval to obtain a minimum of four readings.
5.2.2.2.4 Calculate the average and the range of readings for each thermometer. The difference between
the range of readings for each thermometer shall not exceed ± 0,1 °C (± 0,2 °F), or the smallest scale division
on the thermometer being calibrated.
5.2.2.2.5 Calculate the average deviation of the thermometer reading from the secondary reference
thermometer reading. Calculate and document the correction for each thermometer.
5.2.3 Laboratory balances
5.2.3.1 The manufacturer shall calibrate the laboratory balances periodically in the range of use with
NIST class P, grade 3, or better weights.
5.2.3.2 The manufacturer shall service and adjust balances whenever calibration indicates a problem.
5.2.4 Sieves
Sieves shall be in accordance with ASTM E11 and ASTM E161 and have approximate dimensions of 76 mm
(3 in) in diameter and 69 mm (2,75 in) from top of frame to wire cloth.
5.2.5 Hydrometer
5.2.5.1 The manufacturer shall calibrate each hydrometer with the dispersant solution used in the
sedimentation procedure.
5.2.5.2 Calibration — Hydrometer
5.2.5.2.1 Calibrate each hydrometer using the same concentration dispersant solution as is used in the test,
at temperatures spanning the anticipated test temperatures, and by reading the top rather than the bottom of
the meniscus. Calibrate each hydrometer using the procedure in 5.2.5.2.2 to 5.2.5.2.9.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
5.2.5.2.2 Prepare 1 l of dispersant solution, as follows.
a) Place 125 ml ± 2 ml (127 g ± 2 g) of dispersant solution from test procedure (7.11.1 and 7.12.2) into a 1 l
volumetric flask.
b) Dilute to the 1 000 ml mark with deionized water. Mix thoroughly.
5.2.5.2.3 Place the dispersant solution in a sedimentation cylinder. Then place the cylinder in a constant-
temperature bath. Set bath temperature to the lowest expected temperature for any actual test. Allow to reach
equilibrium ± 0,2 °C (± 0,4 °F). Insert the hydrometer being calibrated and wait at least 5 min for the
hydrometer and solution to reach bath temperature.
5.2.5.2.4 Take a hydrometer reading at the top of the meniscus formed by the stem and take a
thermometer reading. Repeat readings at least 5 min apart so as to obtain a minimum of four readings each.
5.2.5.2.5 Calculate the average hydrometer reading and designate as R . Calculate the average
1
temperature reading and designate as θ .
1
5.2.5.2.6 Repeat 5.2.5.2.3 and 5.2.5.2.4, except set bath temperature to highest expected test temperature.
Calculate the average hydrometer and temperature readings and designate these readings as R and θ .
2 2
5.2.5.2.7 Calculate the hydrometer correction curve slope, M , as given in Equation (1):
c
R − R
( )
12
M = 1000 (1)
c
θ −θ
()
21
where
R is the average hydrometer reading at lower temperature;
1
R is the average hydrometer reading at higher temperature;
2
θ is the average temperature reading at lower temperature;
1
θ is the average temperature reading at higher temperature.
2
The temperature may be measured in either degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit, so long as all
measurements and calculations are consistent in units (including subsequent use of the hydrometer in routine
test situations).
5.2.5.2.8 Calculate the hydrometer correction curve intercept, B , as given in Equation (2):
c
BM=×θ+⎡⎤R− 1× 1000 (2)
()()
cc 1 1
⎣⎦
where
M is the hydrometer correction curve slope;
c
θ is the average thermometer reading at the lower temperature;
1
R is the average hydrometer reading at the lower temperature.
1
5.2.5.2.9 Record M , B and the hydrometer serial number in a permanent calibration record and on the
c c
data sheet used in the calculations in 7.13 and 8.13.
For hydrometer calibration, example data sheet and calculation, see Clause C.1.
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2009
ISO 13500:2008(E)
5.2.6 Motor-driven, direct-indicating viscometer
5.2.6.1 The specifications for a direct-indicating viscometer are given in ISO 10414-1 and reproduced
here for reference:
a) rotor sleeve:
⎯ inside diameter: 36,83 mm (1,450 in),
⎯ total length: 87,0 mm (3,425 in),
⎯ scribed line: 58,4 mm (2,30 in) above the bottom of sleeve, with two rows of 3,18 mm
(0,125 in) holes spaced 120° (2,09 rad) apart, around rotor sleeve just below
scribed line;
b) bob, closed, with flat base and tapered top:
⎯ diameter: 34,49 mm (1,358 in),
⎯ cylinder length: 38,0 mm (1,496
...
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